中考英语阅读专项复习阅读理解解题技巧.docx
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中考英语阅读专项复习阅读理解解题技巧
中考英语阅读理解解题技巧
阅读理解解题技巧
1分门别类识别文体
记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素,即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果,以及人物之间的关系、表现,从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等;
议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点,因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据,理清论证思路,再进行逻辑推理得出结论;
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体,它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历,形式多样,题材各异,如图示、表格、地址、网址等,对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息,理解文章内容。
2统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章取义的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录,因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答,而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
3开动脑筋推测词意
初中英语教学基本要求规定,学生能根据上下文推测词义,并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料,换言之,这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程,学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为,可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程:
(1)根据上下文猜测词意。
(2)根据构词法猜测词意。
前缀un-表反义词,如happy、unhappy;fair、unfair;important、unimportant等。
后缀-ment表名词,如develop、development;state、statement;argue、argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词,如calculate、calculator;visit、visitor;law、lawyer;wait、waiter;science、scientist;art、artist等。
4用知识和生活经验理解短文
如根据化学知识,可以理解科普读物Waterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.
还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。
逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。
如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题,Thentheycametothesecondpicture.Theassistantwasgoingtodrawtheclothashedidbefore.Assoonashetouchedthecloth,hecried,“WonderfulIt'sthebestpictureIhaveeverseen!
”据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
5条分缕析理解长句
长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一,长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构,对于这类句子要分清主次,先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补,再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。
如,Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficultdecisiontomakeabouttheirchildren'scareer.
先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parentshaveadecision.
再找出修饰语Whosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsport为Parents的定语从句,difficult修饰decision,tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers为不定式做decision的定语。
经过分析,化整为零,化繁为简,此句就不难理解了。
巩固练习
1、RachelCarson(1907﹣1964)wasapioneeroftheworld's environmentalmovementthroughherwritingabouttheprotectionofthenaturalworld.Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople.Itdescribestheharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic(有害的)chemicalsonfarmland.
Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries.In1951shepublishedherfirstbook.TheSeaAroundUs,whichbecameabestseller.Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting.Shewassgiftedwriter.Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists.
Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletely changedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature.Itpainted ableak(荒凉的)futureforthewholenaturalworld.Itledtoanationwideban(禁止)onthe useofadeadlychemicalcalledDDT,andothertoxicpesticides(农药)thatfarmersusedfortheircrops.ManypeoplesaythebookledtothecreationofAmerica'sEnvironmental ProtectionAgency.
Sinceherdeath.Carson's namehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment.ThereisnowayearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize.NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreatcontributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection.In1980,16years afterherdeath,shewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom,thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica.
1.WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962?
A.Shestartedtowritebooks
B.Shegaveupworkingassbiologist
C.HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwell
D.HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous
2.WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob?
A.Shegotanaward
B.ShepublishedSilentSpring
C.TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoney
D.TheUSgovernmenttooknoticeofherresearches
3.WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection?
A.Itdescribesasilentspring
B.Ittoppedthebooksaleslists
C.ItchangeedhowAmericathoughtaboutnature
D.ItincludesallCarson'sresearchachievements
4.Whatdoestheunderlineword"It"inParagraph3mean?
A.ThebookSilentSpring
B.ThewayAmericathought
C.TheUSBureauofFisheries
D.America'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency
5.WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom?
A.Shepublishedthebooksilentspring
B.ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheries
C.ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarson BookPrize
D.Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection.
2、DearMum:
TodayI’mgoingtotellyousomethingreallyspecial.Iknowyouworkveryhardandfeeltiredeveryday.
Everytimeyoucomehomeandseethemessy(杂乱的)house.Iknowyouareveryangrywithme.Butyoualwayssaynothingandcleanupthehouse.Ialwayswanttohelpyou,butIhavesomuchhomeworktodo.AfterIfinishmyhomework,Ifeellikedying.Ireallywanttohelpyou,butI’msotiredtoo.
Ialsowanttotellyouonething,Iloveyousomuch.IusuallytalkbacktoyouwhenyousaythatIdon’tstudyhardenough.ButinfactIjustwantyoutopraise(赞扬)memore.Iwilltrymybesttogetgoodgradesandgetpraisefrommyteacher.Sodon’tfeelfrustrated(失望)aboutmygrades,OK?
IhavemadeupmymindthatIwillstudyharderandhelpyoutocleanthehouse.Iamseriousthistime.IwillhavemyhomeworkdonefastersothatIcanhavemoreenergytocleanthehouse.IwillwatchTVlesssothatIcanhavemoretimetostudyandgetgoodgrades.Allthesethingsareforonereason:
IwanttomakeyouhappyMum.
Iloveyou!
WithlotsofloveSally
( )1.WhyisSally’smotherangrywithSallywhenshecomesbackfromwork?
A.Becauseshedoesn’tstudyhard.
B.Becausesheisn’tgoodatEnglish.
C.Becauseshedoesn’tcleanthehouse.
D.Becauseshedoesn’tfinishherhomework.
( )2.WhatdoesSally’smotherthinkabouther?
A.ShethinksSallyisverylazy.
B.Shefeelsfrustratedabouther.
C.ShethinksSallystudiesveryhard.
D.ShethinksSallyisabadgirl.
( )3.WhatdoesSallywant?
A.Enoughmoney B.Enoughfreetime
C.Goodgradesandpraise D.Enoughgoodfood.
( )4.WhydoesSallywanttodoherhomeworkfaster?
A.BecauseshewillhaveenoughtimetowatchTV.
B.Becausesheisinterestedindoinghomework.
C.Becauseshehasmanyimportantthingstodo.
D.Becauseshecanhavemoreenergytodosomecleaniginherhouse.
( )35.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?
A.Sallyfeelsverytiredaftershefinishesherhomework.
B.Sallylovehermotherdeeply.
C.Sally’steacherfeelsfrustratedabouther.
D.Shallywantstomakemotherhappy.
3、PeoplecalltheWinterOlympicstheWhiteOlympics.Atthistime,theypublish(发行)manystampstomark(标志)thegreatgames.ThefirststampscameoutonJanuary25th,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.Fromthenon(从那时起),publishingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecamearule.
Duringthe4thWinterOlympics,peoplepublishedagroupofstampsinNovember1936.TheydrewfiveringsofOlympics.Itwasthefirsttimethattheringsappeared(出现)onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics.
Inthe1950s,thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWhiteOlympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasnon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthosegames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary1980whentheChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWhiteOlympics.
InAsia,JapanwastheonlycountrytoholdtheWhiteOlympics.Theysold14,500millionstampsduringtheOlympics.
Peopledrewdifferentkindsofsportsonthesesmallstamps,andtheyenjoyedthewonderfulsportsandsomeexcellentplayers.
1.TheWhiteOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics____.
A.arethesamething B.aredifferentgames
C.arenotheldinwinter D.areheldinsummer
2.Theworldmadeitaruletopublishstampstomarkthegreatworldgames____.
A.aftertheyear1936 B.afterthe3rdWhiteOlympics
C.beforethe3rdWhiteOlympics D.beforetheyear1932
3.TheWinterOlympicsisheld(被举行)once____.
A.everytwoyears B.everythreeyears
C.everyfouryears D.everyfiveyears
4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Onlythehostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.
B.Onlythenon-hostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.
C.Allthecountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.
D.Japancan’tpublishstampstomarkthosegames.
5.Whatmayappear(出现)onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics?
A.Basketball. B.Tabletennis. C.Football. D.Skating.
4、 TheUnitedStateshasmanydifferentkindsofclimates(气候).Onthenorthwestcoast(海岸),thetemperaturechanges
verylittlebetweensummerandwinter,butthenorthcentral(中部的)stateshaveaverydifferentkindofclimate.Inthosestates,peoplewearlight
clothesinsummer,andtheyneedheavywoolenclothesinwinter.
Inthesouthwestcoast,theclimateisrainyandwarmduringthewinter,butthesummerisdryandhot.
InthenortheastoftheUnitedStates,summertemperaturesareverydifferentfromwintertemperatures.Summerisusuallyhot,andwinterisusuallycold.Springtemperaturesarewarm,andfalltemperaturesarecool.
Yearsago,peopleinthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStatesdidn’toftengetfresh(新鲜的)vegetablesandfreshfruitsdur
ingthesummer.Today,however(然而),trucksandtrainscarryfruitsandvegetablesveryquicklytoallpartsoftheUnitedStates.Inthisway,Americans“sendtheirclimates”topeopleinotherstates.
1.Thesummerandwintertemperaturesarealmostthesame_________.
A.inthenortheasternstates
B.onthenorthcentralstates
C.inthewesternstates
D.onthenorthwestcoast
2.Theword“fall”inthispassagemeans________.
A.drop B.down C.autumn D.spring
3.Todaypeople___________cangetfreshvegetablesandfr
uits.
A.inthenorthcentralstates
B.ineverypartoftheU.S.A.
C.inthecoldpartsoftheU.S.A.
D.inthesouthwestpartoftheU.S.A.