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专转本大学英语阶段强化2
“专转本”《大学英语》
阶段强化2
第I卷
PartIReadingComprehension(共40分)
Passageone
Underproperconditions,soundwaveswillbereflectedfromahillsideorothersuchobstruction.Soundtravelsattherateofaboutone-fifthofmilepersecond.Ifthehilliselevenhundredfeetaway,ittakestwosecondsforthesoundtotravelothehillandback.Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasoundanditsreflection(theecho),youcanestimatethedistancetoanobstruction.
Duringwordwar2theBritishusedapracticalapplicationofthisprincipletodetectGermanplanesontheirwaytobombLondonlongbeforetheenemywasnearthetarget.Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,sinceradiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds.TheoutnumberedRoyalAirForce(RAF)alwaysseemedtothepuzzledGermanstobelyinginwaitattherighttimeandnevertobesurprised.ItwasradioechoesmorethananythingelsethatwontheBattleofBritain.
SincetheradiowaveswereusedtotellthedirectioninwhichtosendtheRAFplanesandthedistancetosendthem(theirrangeofflight,inotherwords),thedevicewascalledradiodirectingandranging,andfromtheinitialsthewordradarwascoined.(filescomefrom)
1.Soundwavesreflectedfromahillcanbeusedtoestimatethe.
A.heigtofthehillB.speedofsound
C.distancetothehillD.intensiteofsound
2.Practicalapplicationsofthisprinciplesresultedin.
A.Newelectronicinstrumentsforplanes
B.Aradiodirectingandrangingdevice
C.NewradiosetsforRAFbombers
D.Anelectronicdetectingdevice
3.RadarenabledtheEnglishto.
A.DetectGermanplanesontheirwaytoLondon
B.DirecttheoutnumberedRAFplaneseffectively
C.ConfuseGermanbomberpilots
D.BothAandB
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
A.Lightwavescouldbeusedinadevicesimilartoradar
B.Radarwasapracticalapplicationofawell-knownprinciple
C.RadargreatlyincreasedtheeffectivenessoftheRoyalAirForce
D.Soundwavesarereflectedfromahillsideunderallconditions
5.Theauthorofthispassageprobablyintendedtoexplain
A.Exactlyhowradarworks
B.WhytheBritishusedradiowavesintheirdevice
C.Howradar(workanddevice)cametobe
D.HowradarhelpedtheBritishwintheBattleofBritain
PassageTwo
Ingeneral,theancientRomanswereapracticalpeople.TheycaredlessaboutphilosophyandpuremathematicsthandidtheGreeks.TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry(三角学),andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,aqueducts(渠道),andpublicbuildings.
Theyknewaboutthesmeltingofironore,buttheyusedtheirontheyproducedmainlyforspears,swords,andshields,ratherthanforbuildingconstruction.
WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.Becauseoftheirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomorethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.
TherearetworeasonsfortheRomansneglectofphilosophyandpuremathematics.First,theywereapparentlytoobusyconqueringnearbynationsandformingthemintoarapidlygrowingempiretowastetimeonabstractthinking.Secondly,theywerehandicapped(妨碍)bytherigidityoftheirnumericalsystem.(TrytomultiplyXIbyLVIIortodivideCXLIIIbyIX;itsimplycannotbedonewithpencilandpaper.)TheRomansdidalloftheirarithmeticonanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemoderncomputingmachine.Theirnumbersystemdiscouragedthestudyofpuremathematics.
6.TheauthorcallstheRomans“practical”becausethey
A.Caredlittleaboutphilosophy
B.Appliedtheirknowledgetoconstruction
C.Sawthenecessityfordevelopingtheoreticalscience
D.Studiedthepastandlearnedfromit
7.TheancientRomansdidnotconcernthemselveswith
A.TheoreticalorabstractthoughtB.appliedmathematics
C.StudyingD.eitherAorC
8.Inconstruction,theRomansmadeextensiveuseof
A.IronoreB.peometryandtrigonometry
C.StudyingD.bothBandC
9.ManyRomansinventionswerebasedonGreekweaponsbecausethe
A.Greekshadsuperiorweapons
Bromineswereinvolvedinfrequentwars
C.Romanswerenotfamiliarwithmanytypesofweapons
D.Greekprovedhimselforherselfinspiredinventor
10.Theauthorofthispassageprobablywantedtoexplainwhy
A.HeconsiderstheRomansapracticalpeople
B.Romanwereinvolvedinfrequentwars
C.Theoreticalthinkingisnecessaryfirthegrowthofanation
D.TheRomanscontributedlittletophilosophicalthought
PassageThree
ProfessorBarryWellmanifUniversityofTorontoinCanadahasinventedatermtodescribethewaymanyNorthAmericansinteractsthesedays.Thetermtohaveoppositemeanings.Howcanwebeindividualsandbenetworkedatthesametime?
Youneedotherpeoplefornetworks.
HereiswhatProfessorWellmanmeans.BeforetheinventionoftheInternetande-mail,oursocialnetworksinvolvedliveinteractionswithrelatives,neighbors,andcolleaguesatwork.Someoftheinteractionwasbyphone,butitwasstillvoice,persontoperson,inrealtime.
ArecentresearchstudybythePewInternetandAmericansLifeProjectshowedthatforalotofpeople,electronicinteractionthroughthecoputerhasreplacedthisperson-to-personinteraction.However,alotofpeopleinterviewedforthePewstudysaythat’sagoodthing.Why?
Inthepast,manypeoplewereworriedthattheInternetisolatedusandcausedustospendtoomuchtimeintheimaginaryworldofthecomputer.ButthePewstudydiscoveredthattheoppositeistrue.TheInternetconnectsuswithMORErealpeoplethanexpected-helpful-peoplewhocangiveadviceoncareers,medicalproblems,raisingchildren,andchoosingaschoolorcollege.About60millionAmericantoldPewthattheInternetplaysanimportantroleinhelpingthemmajorlifedecisions.
Thankstothecomputer.“networkedindividuals”areabletobealoneandtogetherwithotherpeople-atthesametime!
11.thepewstudywasconductedin
A.theUnitedStatesB.Canada
C.theU.S.andCanadaD.Europe
12.inthearticle,anetworkisagroupofconnected
A.radioorTVstationsB.people
C.computersD.roads
13.beforetheinventionoftheInternet,ourconnectionswithpeopletoolplacemainly
A.inpersonB.byphoneC.byletterD.bye-mail
14.WhichofthefollowinghashappenedsincetheinventionoftheInternetandemail?
A.peoplearetalkingonthephonemorethanever.
B.Interactionthroughthecomputerhasreplacedalotofpersontopersoninteraction.
C.Americansareturningintohermits.
D.SixtymillionAmericanshaveboughtcomputers.
15.WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthediscoveriesofPewstudy?
A.TheInternethasputusintouchwithmorepeoplethanexpected.
B.PeopleusetheInternettogetadviceoncareers,medicalproblems,andotherquestions.
C.FormanyAmericans,theInternetplaysanimportantroleinhelpingthemmakeimportantdecisions.
D.“Internetaddiction”isagrowingproblemamongpeoplewhousecomputers.
Passagefour
Summerswithfatherwerealwaysenjoyable.Swimming,hiking,boating,fishing-thedayswerenotlongenoughtocontainallofactivities.Thereneverseemedtobeenoughtimetogotochurch,whichdisturbedsomefriendsandrelations.Accusedofneglectingthispartofoureducation,myfatherinstitutedasummerschoolformybrotherandme.However,hissummercourseincludedancienthistory,whichPapafeltourschoolsneglected,andnavigation,inwhichwefirsthadaformalexaminationinthediningroom,partofwhichconsistedoftyingseveralknotsinagiventimelimit.Thenwewereeachseparatelysentonwhatwasgrandlyreferredtoasacruiseinmyfather’s18-footknockabout,spendingthenightonboard,andloadeddown,accordingtoformallyplotourcourse,usingthetidetable,eventhoughourgoalwasanislandIcouldseequiteclearlyacrossthewaterinthedistance.
16.Whatwastheoriginalreasonforholdingthesummerschool?
A.Thefatherwantedthechildrentolearnmoreaboutreligion.
B.Thechildrengotpoorgradesintheirregularschool.
C.Theregularschoolteachersneglectedthechildren.
D.Friendsandrelativesthoughtthechildrenshouldlearnreligion.
17.Thepurposeofthecruisementionedinthepassagewasto
A.havefun
B.testtheauthorforcompletingsummerschool
C.rewardtheauthorforcompletingsummerschool
D.gettotheisland
18.Whydidtheauthorhavetoplotthesummerofhercruise?
A.Shehadtodemonstratehertodoso.
B.Shewasafraidofgettinglost.
C.Thecoastwasdangerous.
D.Thetideswerestrong.
19.Howlongdidtheauthor’scruiselast?
A.Allsummer.B.Overnight.
C.Aweek.D.Oneday,morningtillnight
20.Apparentlyaknockaboutis
A.aseaman’sknotB.acruise
C.anislandD.aboat
PartIIVocabularyandStructure(共40分)
21.MaryisoneofthebrighteststudentswhoformNewYorkUniversity.
A.graduatedB.havegraduated
C.hadgraduatedD.hasgraduated
22.Myfriend’sson,whoisasoldier,wasdelightwhenhewasonlyafewmilesfromhome.
A.campedB.situatedC.placedD.stationed
23.Shehasboughtsomelovelytomakeherselfadress.
A.stuffB.clothingC.materialD.pattern
24.Shehasboughtwithwhatyouhavegivenherhusbandandyouhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.althat
25.Ipassedmyexamsbutitwasalongtimemyfriendsaboutit.
A.thatIdidn’ttellB.beforeItold
C.afterItoldD.sinceItold
26.Thestonestatueinthecitysquarewasputupthefallenheroes.
A.inmemoryofB.insearchofC.interm