英语国家概况精讲之其他英语国家English speaking countries other English speaking countries.docx

英语国家概况精讲之其他英语国家English speaking countries other English speaking countries.docx

《英语国家概况精讲之其他英语国家English speaking countries other English speaking countries.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语国家概况精讲之其他英语国家English speaking countries other English speaking countries.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语国家概况精讲之其他英语国家EnglishspeakingcountriesotherEnglishspeakingcountries

英语国家概况精讲之其他英语国家（Englishspeakingcountries,otherEnglishspeakingcountries）

Canada,Australia,NewZealandandIreland

1.CanadaCanada

Canada's,geography,and,history,Canadiangeographyandhistory

Canada'sgeographicalfeaturesgeographicalfeaturesofCanada

LocatedtothenorthofAmerica,thepopulationdistribution,withmuchlandandfewpeople,diverseterrain.

Majorcities:

Toronto,Montreal,Vancouver.Fourdenselypopulatedareas

ThehighestpeakisLoganpeak.Multiplelakes.

Twomajorriversystems:

thegreaterRiver（thesecondlargestriverinNorthAmerica）andtheSt.Lawrenceriver.

Theclimateischangeable,andtheclimateinmostareasiscoldandthewholeareaisnotpleasant.

Geographical,regions,and,their,characteristics,geographicalregionsandtheircharacteristics

Canadaconsistsof10provincesand2territories.The6geographicalareasareasfollows.

TheAtlanticprovinces:

hillsandplains,barrenland,sparselypopulated,richinpotatoes.Majorcities:

Halifax.

Lawrence-thefiveGreatLakesprovinces:

Quebecprovince（includingtheSt.Lawrencelowlands,themaincity:

SecondCityandmainportofMontreal,theculturalcenterofQuebeccity）,Ontarioprovince（themainindustrialarea.ThecapitalofOttawa,themaincityofTorontoCity:

first,Chinesemusiclesson,London,WenDesha）.Themostdevelopedandaffluentareaswiththehighestdegreeofindustrializationhavethelargestpopulationdensity.

TheCanadianShieldarea:

coveringhalfofCanada,richinnaturalresources.

PrairieProvinces:

populationdensityisnotlarge.Winnipegisamajorcityinthewheatregion,knownasCanada'sChicago.

BritishColumbia:

importantMountains:

theRockyMountainsandthecoastalmountains.Relativelyrich.Majorcities:

Vancouver,animportantport.

Northernprovincesandterritories:

4/5oftheterritory,mostoftheterritoryintheArcticCircle,theclimateisbad,sparselypopulated.Theimportantriversandlakes:

theMackenzieRiver,BigBearLake,greatslavelake.Awealthofnaturalresourcesisbeingdeveloped.

The,European,discovery,of,Canada,EuropeansfoundCanada

JohnCapote:

attheendofthefifteenthCentury,theBritishexpeditionreachedNewfoundlandandtheCanadianeastcoastanddeclaredsovereigntyin1497.

JackCartier:

arrivedinMontrealin1535islocated,opentothemainlandCanadaroadfortheFrenchfurtradersandsettlerslater.

The,rivalry,between,the,British,French,and,the,British,againstFrench

IntheconquestoftheterritoryofNorthAmericatobecomerivals.

InseventeenthCentury,conflictswerefoughtbetweenBritainandFranceinordertofightforthefishingindustryandthefurindustry.

In1713,theprovinceofNewfoundland,HudsonBayandNovaScotiaprovincewashandedovertotheUnitedkingdom.

InthemiddleoftheeighteenthCentury,aftersevenyearsofWar（1756-1763）,Francewasdefeated,andBritainruledallofcanada.

TheformationofSelf-government,and,the,founding,of,the,Confederation,autonomousgovernmentandcoalitionsystem

In1837,Canada（British）clashedwithLowerCanada（French）.

LordDelarmesuggestedthatimmigrantsbeallowedtosetuparesponsibleself-governinggovernmentandconsolidateCanadaasaprovince.

In1840,theinternalself-governmentgovernmentwasestablishedin1848.

Afterthecivilwar,anumberofpowerfulnorthernstatesthreatenedtheBritishcolonies.Thus,threeautonomouscolonieswereconsolidated:

Canada（Quebec,Ontario）,NewZealand,andNovaScotia.

JoinedtheUnionin1867,whichisafederalunityandanautonomousdominion.

2.AustraliaAustralia

Australia'sgeographicalfeaturesgeographicalfeaturesofAustralia

Thesixthlargestcountry,locatedinthesouthernhemisphere,isthesmallest,lowestandmostflatstateintheworld.

Australia'sgeographicalstructuregeographicalstructureofAustralia

Threegeographicalareas:

WesternPlateau:

broadplateau,flatanddry.

EasternMountain:

alsoknownasthegreatwatershed.ThereisthehighestplateauintheAustralianAlps,thehighestmountain,thelongest,theMurrayRiverandGreatBarrierReef.

LowlandofcentralandEasternEurope:

largelowlands.ThereareAustralia'sbestfarmlandandpasture,andthelargestElLake（intermittentLake）.

Factors,that,affect,Australia's,climatefactorsaffectingAustralianclimate

Thecausesofahot,dryclimate:

Latitude20-35,justhotdryarea.

Fewermountains.

Theairmassisdryandhasastrongtroughofsunlight.

Farfromtheocean.

CompositionofAustralia'spopulationAustraliapopulationcomposition

Population,18million.Thevastmajorityofimmigrantsandtheirdescendants,mainlyBritishdescent.

Another250thousandaboriginesand1.5%peopleontheTorresStraitisland.

Multiculturalism.AsBritain'sinfluenceweakens,theinfluenceoftheUnitedStatesandJapancontinuestogrow.

Australia'sbuiltenvironmentman-madeenvironmentinAustralia

Anartificialenvironmentisaconditioninwhichpeoplearecreatedorchanged.Relativetonaturalenvironment.

Theurbanareaislarge,and80%ofthepopulationisconcentratedinthecoastalcities.TheextensionofthecityisbecauseAustraliansliketobuildtheirownhomesontheirownland.Manycitieshavetreelinedstreetsandbeautifulparks.

ThefivemajorcitiesaretheSydneyontheeastcoast,theMelbourne（stylisticCenter）,Brisbane,Adelaide（ArtFestival）,andPais,abeautifulcityontheWestcoast.

PoliticaldivisionsinAustraliaAustraliadivisionofadministrativeregions

6statesand2districts,eachhasanindependentaccesstothesea.

NewSouthWales:

alsocalledthefirststate.Areafourth,populationfirst,oldest.CapitalSydney.Industry。

Vitoria:

alsoknownasgardenstate.Thecontinenthasthesmallestarea,withapopulationofsecond.CapitalMelbourne.Manufacturing,services.

Queensland:

alsocalledthesunshinestate.Areasecond,populationthird,youngest.CapitalBrisbane.Agriculture,mining.

SouthAustralia:

areathird,populationfourth.CapitalAdelaide.Agriculture,opals,shipbuilding,timber.

WesternAustralia:

alsoaninspiringstate.Areafirst,populationfifth.Perth.Richmineralresources.

Tasmania:

alsocalledholidayisland.Theareaisthesmallest,thepopulationissmall,andthesecondancient.ThecapitalofHobart（ModernCity,deepwaterport,bigcasino）.Scenicresort.

Thenorthernregionwithmuchlandandfewpeople.CapitalDarwin.Thecattleindustryisrichinmineralresources.

Australia'sCapitalTerritory:

drawnfromNewSouthWalesin1901.CapitalofthestateofCanberra（GardenCity）.

3.NewZealandNewZealand

NewZealand'sGeographyGeographyofNewZealand

CapitalWellington.IntheSouthPacific,thefirstcountrytowelcomeanewdayhasonlyonetimezone.

Twomainislands:

KitajimaandSouthIsland,longandnarrow,andthecountrynearthesea.StewartIslandisinthirdplace.

Mostlyhills,meadowsandplains.Throughoutthemountains,thehighestpeakfortheMountCook.

NorthCentralisavolcanicgeothermalarea.Three:

Ruapehuvolcanovolcano（Live）,NiuluHoyvolcano（Live）,Tongarirovolcano（died）.Geothermalpowerstationsintheregionusesteamfromtheregion.ThelargestLakeTaupoinnewzealand.

TheSouthIsland'slargestClutha,Kitajima'sbiggestWaikatoRiverandthewanganui.

FaultlinesrunthroughNewZealand,whereearthquakesandvolcanoesarethemostseriouspotentialdisasters.

Characteristics,of,New,Zealand's,climate,climatefeaturesofNewZealand

Onthewhole,theclimateismild.Therearedifferencesinallareas,seasonalchangesinsmall,year-roundrainfall,wintermore.Theweatherischangeableandwindy.

Nelsonisthelongesttowninthelight.

Native,plants,and,animals,localplantsandanimals

Uniquefloweringplants;ancientplantsinprimitiveforests.

Theevergreentree,.RedevergreentreesarecalledNewZealandChristmastrees.

ThekiwiisanationalsymbolandnewZealandersthemselvesaskiwis.

Theonlynativelandmammalsaretwospeciesofbats,allofwhichareimported,mainlyfrombritain.Theintroductionofsomeplantsandanimalsbecometrouble:

rabbit,gorse,Thistleandbroom;someplaysanimportantrole:

crops,livestock,pine.

HistoricalbackgroundofNewZealandhistoricalbackgroundofNewZealand

ThehistoryofEuropeansbeganintheseventeenthCentury.TheDutchmanAbelTasman,wasthefirstexpedition.ThefirstBritishexpeditionwascaptainJamesCookoftheRoyalNavy,drawingthefirstcompletemapofnewzealand.

Traders,hunters,andmissionariesfollowedandsettled,theMaoritradedwiththemandlearnednewfarming-agriculturebasedonpigandpotato.

TheTreatyofWaitangi"18401840years"theTreatyofWaitangi

In1840,theBritishWilliam.Hobson,asthefirstofficialgovernorcametoNewZealand,andonbehalfofQueenVictoriaandtheMaorichiefssignedthe"TreatyofWaitangi".TheanniversaryofthesigningonFebruary6th,NewZealandbecameNationalDay,alsocalledtheWaitangiday.Therearethreeagreements:

Thelegislativepowerbelongstothequeenofengland.

TheMaoriownownershipoflandandresources.

TheMaorihadalltherightsandprivilegesoftheBritishpeople.

Characteristics,of,Maori,culture（Maoritanga）Maoriculturalcharacteristics

Thegodsthatseparatedthefatherandmothertaen,createaplantanimalandawoman,thedaughterofhydantoinTaitama.Allmenaretheirdescendants.Later,MauidraggedNewZealandfromthePacificOceanandwasdiscoveredbyExplorerCooper.Afterthat,PolynesiancametoNewZealandtoestablishatribalsocietyofkinship.

Ahorse'shouseanditssurroundingland,

Itisthecenter