考研英语阅读理解试题及答案二十篇.docx
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考研英语阅读理解试题及答案二十篇
Passage1
In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecue(烤肉)restaurant,andthenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:
Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:
quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.
Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks'stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.
KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers'fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise(特许经营)othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches(拱门).
TodayMcDonald'sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald'shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.
1.Thispassagemainlytalksabout .
A) thedevelopmentoffastfoodservices
B) howMcDonald'sbecameabillion-dollarbusiness
C) thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonald
D) RayKroc'sbusinesstalent
2.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept .
A)adrive-in
B)acinema
C)atheater
D)abarbecuerestaurant
3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat .
A)MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKroc
B)ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdrive-in
C)Fortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfast-foodrestaurants
D) RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman
4.Thepassagesuggeststhat .
A) creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccess
B) RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothers
C) MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKroc
D) Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness
5.Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theworduniquemeans .
A)special
B)financial
C)attractive
D)peculiar
Passage2
You'rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let'sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn'tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?
OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?
Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.
Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantslying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthemimpostors(骗子);anotherreferstothemasspecialcases.Onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadebynosuchpeople.
Toavoidoutright(彻底的)lies,somejob-seekersclaimthattheyattendedorwereassociatedwithacollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthatattendingmeansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethatbeingassociatedwithacollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury-that'swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.
Ifyoudon'twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphony(假的)diploma.Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnon-existentcolleges.ThepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafromSmootStateUniversity.ThepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromtheUniversityofPurdue.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaproperlycalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.
6.Themainideaofthispassageisthat .
A) employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnow
B) lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblem
C) collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasily
D) employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees
7.Accordingtothepassage,specialcasesrefertocaseswhere .
A) studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time
B) studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication
C) studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfilms
D) studentsattendedafamousschool
8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat .
A) performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythatacollegedegree
B) experienceisthebestteacher
C) pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdo
D) adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobpetition
9.Thispassageimpliesthat .
A) buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoral
B) personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschools
C) mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschool
D) societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications
10.Asusedinthefirstlineofthesecondparagraph,theworduttermeans .
A)address
B)thorough
C)ultimate
D)decisive
Passage3
EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault(断层),whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?
BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812,threemajorearthquakesoccurred,allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce,andhugecracksopenedintheground,allowingsmellofsulfur(硫磺)tofilterupward.
TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMaridearthquakes,probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston,SouthCarolina,onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andclockswerstoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica'stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurches(倾斜)forward.
TheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;atsomepoints,possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosettledownwards,andsuddensinkingmotionstrigger(触发)earthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself,alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernlllinois.
ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.
11.Thispassageismainlyabout .
A)theNewMadridfaultinMissouri
B)theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridfaults
C)thecausesoffaults
D)currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults
12.TheNewMadridfaultis .
A) ahorizontalfault
B) averticalfault
C) amoreseriousfaultthantheSanAndreasfault
D) responsibleforformingtheMississippiRiver
13.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat .
A) itisprobablyasdangeroustoliveinMissouriasinCalifornia
B) theNewMadridfaultwilleventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouri
C) Californiawillbecomeanislandinfuture
D) AbigearthquakewilloccurtoCaliforniasoon
14.Thispassageimpliesthat .
A) horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanvertic