工程管理论论参考文献.docx

工程管理论论参考文献.docx

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工程管理论论参考文献

外文翻译2

2008-03-1015:

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Otherwise,inthesubsequentdesignprocessdesignunitswillputanincreaseinthecostofthedesignrequirements;throughtenderingtheprojectdesignintothemarket,comparedtoselectthebestdesignunits.

ⅱPromotingthedesignbiddinganddesignoptimizationcampaignmodedesignunitsassessedbyexpertsusingscientificgroupFrance,inaccordancewithapplicable,economic,aestheticprinciplesandadvancedtechnology,reasonablestructuretomeetbuildingenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalrequirements,comprehensiveassessmentofthemeritsoftheprogramdesign,selectionofthebestdeterminationofthesuccessfulprogram.

Successfulinvestmentprogramestimatedtobeclosetothegeneralconstructionprojectscopeofinvestment.Thismeanstwodesigncontractswillhelpdesigntheprogramofchoiceandcompetitiontoensurethattheselecteddesignadvancedtechnology,uniquenovelty,adaptability,aswellastocontrolthecostoftheproject.Designunitsshouldstrivetoimprovetheirqualityoftheprojectdesigncleveridea,contemporaryreducingtheprojectcostontoracktheirbrainstoimprovedesignquality,strivetoputthedesignphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolapprovaloftheinvestmentceiling.

ⅲStrengtheningthedesignstageofthedesignphasetostrengthensupervisionoftheCommissionertodetermineareasonabledesign,maturetechnology,reductionintheconstructionphasemajordesignchangesandchangesintheprogram,intheeffectivecontroloftheprojectcostwillplayarole.1tothedesignoftheprojectiftheprojectsupervisiontogetinvolved,excludingunfavorablefactorsmaygenerallyisexcludedfromthe80%errors.Intheentireprocessofbuildingcostcontrol,constructionbeganatbesttosaveandinvest20%,thekeyliesintheconstructionphaseoftheidentificationandcontrolcosts.Supervisionofthedesignphaseinclude:

DesignInstituteunderthedesigndrawingsandnoteshelpownersdealwithdifferentdesignoptionsfortheeconomy,capitalexpendituretodevelopthepreliminaryestimates,toensurethattheinvestmentcanbemosteffectivelyutilized.WiththeownersoftheCommissionerinclude:

AccordingtotheDesignInstitutetoprovidedesigndrawingsandnotestohelpownersdealwithdifferentdesignoptionsfortheeconomy,capitalexpenditurestodevelopthepreliminaryplantoensurethatinvestmentcanbemosteffectivelyused;withtheownersofdifferentdesignoptions,theneedtocalculatetheirownmaterialsandequipmenttoconductacostanalysisandstudy,tothedesignstaffcosts,toassistthemintheinvestmentlimitwithinlimitsdesignedtosaveandinvest.Toseekaone-timesmallinvestmentandeconomicgooddesignprogrammadethemostrationaleconomicindicators.

ⅳDesignactivelypromotetheso-calledcaplimitdesign,evenwiththeapprovalofthedesigntaskandinvestmentestimates,guaranteethefunctionalrequirementsofthepremise.Thepreliminarydesignandcontrolbudget,accordingtothepreliminaryapprovalofthetotalbudgetforthedesignandconstructiondesigncontrol.Limits,andeveryoneprofessional,eachofwhomhaveadesignthresholdofatarget.Inthedesignprocess,designersshouldprogresstomoreprograms,designoptimization,ensuringthatthedesignistechnicallyadvancedandreasonable,innovative,stylish,anddonotbreakthelimitinvestmentobjectives,thuseliminatingtheengineeringdesignraisethefactorofsafetyanddesignstandards,oronlyconsiderthetechnicalfeasibilityoftheprogram,ratherthaneconomicrationalityphenomenon,theprojectcosttoensureeffectivecontrol.

Alsoknownasthevalueofvalueengineeringanalysis,isamodernscientificmanagementtechnique,isanewtechno-economicanalysis,istheproductoffunctionalanalysistoconserveresourcesandreducethecostofthepurposeofaneffectivemethod.Itmadeupforthetraditionalcostmanagementsimplyfocusoncostreductionandqualitymanagementonlyemphasizesimprovingthequalitydeficiencies,constructionisconducivetoresolvingthelong-standinglongperiod,alotofwastage,poorquality,high-costproblems.ValueEngineeringlawsgenerallydividedintothreesteps:

assessmentofthedesignofobjecttechnologyandeconomicScore;Calculationofthetargetgroupoftechnicalandeconomicindicators;calculatethegeometricdesignoftheobject,onaverage;fromcomparisonchoosethebestdesign.

Constructionphaseoftheprojectimplementationunitconstructioncostmanagementtocontrolthecostoftheprojectisreasonableintheprojecttomeetqualitystandardspremise,intheinvestmentdecision-makingstage,thedesignphaseandconstructionphaseoftheprojectputtheprojectapprovaloccurredinthecontrollimits,striveinvariousconstructionprojectsrationaluseofhuman,materialandfinancialresourcestoachievegoodinvestmentreturnsandsocialbenefits.

Theprojectcostcontrolandmanagementisadynamicprocess.Thedynamicmarketeconomy,tomaketheinvestmentintheidentificationandcontrolbecomemorecomplex,thiswillrequiretheconstructionunitstothemanagementofprojectcosttotheprojectrunsthroughtheentireprocess,itisnecessarytohaveacomprehensivefocus.Theimplementationphaseoftheprojects.Theimplementationphaseoftheprojectcostmanagementistheimplementationoftheentireprocessofprojectmanagement.Projectimplementationphaseoftheprojectcostmanagementcanbedividedintothreeparts:

thetendermanagement,constructionmanagementandsettlementmanagement.

BiddingfortheconstructionphaseoftheconstructionunitsBiddingsystemcontrolengineeringcosteffectivemeans,bidorganizationcanimprovethecost-effectivenessofconstructionprojectsandensurethequalityofconstructionprojects,shorteningtheconstructioncyclereturnontheinvestment,constructionunitscantakefulladvantageofbiddingfortheeffectivemeansofcostcontrol.

ConstructionNo.10onthe7thministerialdecreeissueda"contractwiththeConstructionContractPricingManagement."clearlypointedoutinbiddingforprojectsusinginventories.Thisrequiresthebuildingofunitsconductingthetenderexercise,inthetenderdocumenttoincludenotonlytheusualcontent,liketendernotesbeforeschedule,tendernotes,theconditionsofthecontract,thecontracttermsoftheagreement,contractformat,technicalspecifications,drawings,tenderdocumentsandotherreferenceformat,itisalsonecessarytoprovidetheengineeringinventory,Biddingasareferencedocumentoftheimportantcomponents.

Constructionunitsinthetenderdocumentfortheprojectinventory,inaccordancewithstateorlocalrulespromulgatedbythecalculationthatthereunificationofthedividedprojects,unifiedmeasurementunitsandthereunificationoftheengineeringcalculationrules,accordingtodesigndrawingstobecalculatedandstatisticalarranged,obtainthelist.Quantitiestobefollowedinthepreparationofanobjective,impartial,scientific,andrationalprinciple.Compilersmusthavestrongmanlybudget,andshouldhavecertainknowledgeoftheengineeringdesignandconstructionexperience,andthematerialandmechanicalconstructiontechnologyforcomprehensivescientificknowledge,inordertocalculatethevolumeoftheworkswithoutheavymissed.Thebasisofwhichmustbeinaccordancewithstateregulationsengineeringcalculationrules,andthesub-projectsdivisionengineeringunits,andinaccordancewithdesigndrawings,designessentialLovetenderdocumentationrequirementsarecalculated.

Quantitiesoftheprojectshouldhaveatestinggeneral,theentriesmustbesimple,whilenotappearLousingwrongitemsPricingshouldguaranteethecorrectnessoftheproject.Shouldtherequirementsofthedifferentgradesseparateengineeringdivision,thesituationwasdifferent;wemayhavedifferentpricesfortheitemsseparately.Thisrequiresthepreparationofthelistcompilers,seriouslystudydesigndrawings,Analysisofthetenderdocumentsincludetheelementsoftheworkandthedifferenttechnicalrequirements,allfamiliarwiththeprocess,andtothesceneofseriousinvestigation,isforecasttomakepossibletheconstructionofthecase,rightwillhaveanimpactonthePriceofprojectstobebrokendown.Inaddition,becausetheprojectinventoriestocalculatetheamountoftheprojectisnotcompleteengineeringandconsidertheinterestsoftheconstructionunits,clearlypayingthepriceforthesameoverallprice,thequantitylistbythenumberofactualconstructionisapracticalterms.

IntheevaluationandreviewofthetenderoffershoulddotheunitstotalindividualPricequotationsandthecomprehensiveassessment.PricedoesnotmeettherequirementsofindividualshowsPricemeetstherequirements,andthelowesttotalPricecouldnotexplainthesinglelowestbidder.Biddersoftenknowthetotalcosttomaintainthesamecircumstances;theprojectislikelytochangesmallerprojectstolowertheprice.

Changesmaybelargerprojectspriceincreasestoachievethecompletionofclearingworkswillbeaddedforthepurpose.Wewouldalsodopriceandthecorrespondingquantityofcomprehensiveengineeringassessmentofthelargevolumeofprojectstofocusonthepriceanalysis.Pricewilldowiththecontentsofthework,constructionprogram,acomprehensivetechnicalevaluationprocess,therebypreferredchoiceofaconstructionunit.Constructionoftheconstructionphaseofthecontractcostcontrolbasis.Signedtightconstructioncontract,whilestrengtheningtheconstructioncontractmanagementcanguaranteethatthecontractpriceisreasonable,legitimacyandreducetheperformanceofthecontractA,Bin