高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Lifeinthefuture练习新人教版必修.docx
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高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Lifeinthefuture练习新人教版必修
2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Lifeinthefuture练习新人教版必修
一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)
A
MaryMoemaylooklikeanaveragegrandmother.Butsheisnot.Shejustlearnedhowtoflyanairplane,adreamshehashadsinceshewasalittlegirl.ButMaryMoecouldnotfindtimetomakeherdreamcometrue.Atage34,shewasjusttoobusytothinkaboutflyingaplane.Lessonswerecostly.EverythingseemedtobeworkingagainstMary.Herdreamhadtowait.
MaryMoehasdonealotduringthepast91years.Formuchofthattime,shewantedtofly,butneverhadthechanceuntilnow.
MsMoelearnedaboutWishofaLifetime,anon-profitorganization.Itsgoalistochangethewayoursocietythinksaboutagingandolderadults.SallyWebsterworksforthegroup.ShesaidMsMoe’swishisoneofhundredstheyreceiveeachyear.
WishofaLifetimehelpsolderpeopletoenjoyadream.Italsosendsthemessagethatitisnevertoolateforadream.ButMsWebstersaysitalsowantstosendanothermessagetosocietythatolderAmericanscanachievethingsjustlikeyoungerAmericanscan.
SusieDanickalsobelievesinthisgoal.ShefoundedTADRelocation,abusinessthathelpsseniorcitizenswhentheymove.MsDanickgave$5,000totheWishofaLifetimetohelpseniorsrealizeadream.MaryMoewasoneofthem.
MaryMoereceivedthreeflyinglessons.Andonthebigdayofherfirstflight,herfamilyandfriendsallcametocheerheron.Mary’ssuccessmadeeveryonearoundherexcitedandproud.Itwasjustagreatevent,agreatday.
Itisnevertoolatetospreadyourwingsandtrysomethingnew.Youarenevertoooldtotrytomakeyourdreamscometrue.
1.WhywasMaryMoe’sdreamdifficulttocometrue?
A.Shehadnoenoughtimeandmoneyinthepast.
B.Shedidnothingforflyinglessons.
C.Nopilotswerewillingtohelpher.
D.Herfamilydidnotsupportherwish.
2.WhatdoweknowaboutWishofaLifetime?
A.Itcanmakemuchmoneyeveryyear.
B.MsMoedidmuchforitsdevelopment.
C.ItispopularwiththeyoungAmericans.
D.Itencouragesmanyoldadultstosucceed.
3.FromMaryMoe’ssuccess,wecanknowsheis .
A.determinedB.stubborn
C.unrealisticD.delicate
4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellusabout?
A.Oneshouldtrytobesuccessfulwhenyoung.
B.Youarenevertoooldtotrytomakeyourdreamscometrue.
C.Oldpeopleshouldnotbelookeddownupon.
D.Flyinglessonsaremoredifficulttolearn.
【文章大意】本文是记叙文,讲述了一位91岁的老太太锲而不舍,努力实现飞行梦想的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“ButMaryMoecouldnotfindtimetomakeherdreamcometrue....Lessonswerecostly.”可知,她没有足够的时间和金钱去实现自己的飞行梦想。
2.D 细节理解题。
由第四段第一、二句“WishofaLifetimehelpsolderpeopletoenjoyadream.Italsosendsthemessagethatitisnevertoolateforadream.”可看出,该组织的宗旨就是帮助老年人实现梦想,D项符合文意。
3.A 推理判断题。
由第二段“MaryMoehasdonealotduringthepast91years.Formuchofthattime,shewantedtofly...”可知,玛丽·莫伊对儿时的梦想矢志不渝,是一位意志非常坚定的人。
determined“坚定的,决意的”;stubborn“顽强的;顽固的”;unrealistic“想象的,不切实际的”;delicate“优美的,优雅的”。
4.B 主旨大意题。
最后一段点明主题:
努力实现梦想永远不晚。
故B项正确。
B
Theoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.
Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmsout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I’maninsideguy,”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasix-monthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”
Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it’sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbondioxideyouexhale(呼气)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隐形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.
LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou’refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou’restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that’swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts’brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.
Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That’swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:
recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,andmoreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound-triptoMars.
(2015·湖北高考)
1.Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?
A.Decidingonapropersleepposition.
B.Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.
C.Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.
D.Findingarighttimetogotosleep.
2.Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhen .
A.theycirclearoundontheirbikes
B.theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastop
C.theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime
D.theywatchamoviewhilepedaling
3.Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause .
A.theirsensesstopworking
B.theyhavetostandupstraight
C.theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedly
D.theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages
4.OneofNASA’smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis .
A.howmuchexercisetheydoonthestation
B.howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspace
C.whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghome
D.whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,作者通过举例介绍在太空中生活是什么样的。
1.A 细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句“Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.”以及下文的介绍可知,应选A项。
2.C 细节理解题。
根据第三段倒数第三句和最后一句“Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.”可知应选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Yourinnerearthinksyou’refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou’restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that’swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”可知应选D项。
4.B 细节理解题。
根据第五段最后一句“NASAisworriedabouttwothings...howtomaintain...toMars.”可知应选B项。
二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
ReneLaennecwasaFrenchdoctorwholearnedtotaponpeople’scheststofindoutillnessfromanAustriandoctor1.
(name)LeopoldAuenbrugger.Asaboy,Leopoldusedtotapwinecontainersinhisfather’sinntoseehowmuchwinetheyheld.Afullonemadeadifferentsound2. anemptyone.Whenhebecameadoctor,hetappedpeople’scheststoseehowmuchliquidwasintheirlungs.Laennecdid3. sameandlearnedtotellbytappingcarefullyonachest4. itwasdiseasedornot.Buthewasevenmoreinterestedindiseasesoftheheart,andhewishedthathecouldhearheartbeats5. (clear).Inthosedays,adoctorwouldplacehisheadonapatient’schesttolisten,butifthepatientwasextremelyfatitwas6.
(possible)tohearanyheartbeatatall.
OnedaywhenLaennecwaswalkinginthepark,hesawsomegirls7. (play)withasee-saw(跷跷板).Oneofthemscratchedtheendoftheboardwhiletheothersplacedtheirearsagainsttheotherend.Onwalkingup,thedoctor8. (ask)whythesoundstraveledalongthewood.“Thesoundsaremagnified(放大),girls,er...”Suddenlyheturnedandrushedbacktothehospital.Quicklytakingsomethickpaper,herolledituplikeatubeand9. (begin)listeningtopatients’chests.Heheardtheheartbeatsandtheirbreathing.Laennecsoonmadeabetterinstrumentofwood,10. hecalledastethoscope.Later,theyweremadeofsteelandrubber.
(2015·山东济宁一模)
1.named。
空前的doctor是name的动作承受者,应用过去分词表示动宾关系,故填named。
2.from。
differentfrom...“不同于……”。
3.the。
same必须与定冠词the连用。
4.whether。
空后是telling的宾语从句,由“itwasdiseasedornot”可知,应填表“是否”含义的连词。
5.clearly。
此处应用副词修饰动词hear,故填clearly。
6.impossible。
根据前文的but可知,这里是语意的转折,应表示“太胖而不可能听到心脏的跳动”。
故填impossible。
7.playing。
seesb.doing“看到某人正在做某事”,为固定搭配。
8.wasasked。
doctor是ask的动作承受者,再联系上下文语境可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填wasasked。
9.began。
begin与前文的rolled是并列的谓语动词,应用过去式began。
10.one/which。
此处是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少called的宾语,应用which引导;或者填one作wood的同位语,后跟省略了引导词that的定语从句。
PartB
一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
Onedayanoldmanandhissonweregoingwiththeirdonkeytomarket.Astheywalkedthroughavillage,themanwas 1 thedonkeyandtheboywaswalkingbehind.Acountrymansaidtheoldmanwasa 2 fornotriding,sohe 3 upontheanimal’sback.
Soontheypassedagroupofmen,oneofwhomsaidtheoldmanwas 4 toletthechildwalkwhilehe 5 theride.Hearingthis,hegotoffand 6 theboyontheanimal’sback.Buttheyhadn’tgonefarwhenpeople 7 thechildofbeinglazyformakingtheoldmanwalk,andthe 8 wasmadethattheybothride. 9 ,themanclimbedonandtheysetoff 10 .
Bythetimetheyhadcometothetown,thepassers-byalltook 11 onthedonkey.Somewereeven 12 aboutthecrueltytothedonkeybecausehewasmadetocarrytwopeople. 13 ,thediscouragedmanandhissonwereseen 14 thedonkeyontheirshouldersdowntheroad.
Tryingto 15 everyoneisimpossible,andwillresultin 16 tosatisfyanyone.Ifyou’retryingto 17 alltheexpectationsthatcrowdinonyoufrompeopleandsocietyatlarge—you’llendupcarryinga 18 burdenbecauseyou’renotlivingthe 19 youwantto,andyou’llnecessarilynot 20 tomeetallthecompetingdemands.
1.A.drivingB.leading
C.trainingD.riding
2.A.pioneerB.pilot
C.foolD.loser
3.A.flewB.rested
C.marchedD.climbed
4.A.cru