最新权威SAD名词解释注New.docx

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Chapter1

applicationarchitectureplan

adescriptionoftheintegratedinformationsystemsthattheorganizationneedstocarryoutitsbusinessfunctions

automationboundary

theseparationbetweentheautomatedpartofasystemandthemanualpartofasystem

businessprocessreengineering

atechniquethatseekstoalterthenatureoftheworkdoneinabusinessfunction,withtheobjectiveofradicallyimprovingperformance

communicationsupportsystems

supportsystemsthatallowemployeestocommunicatewitheachotherandwithcustomersandsuppliers

customerrelationshipmanagement（CRM）

processesthatsupportmarketing,sales,andserviceoperationsinvolvingdirectandindirectcustomerinteraction

decisionsupportsystems

（DSS）

supportsystemsthatallowausertoexploretheimpactofavailableoptionsordecisions

enterpriseresourceplanning（ERP）

aprocessinwhichanorganizationcommitstousinganintegratedsetofsoftwarepackagesforkeyinformationsystems

executiveinformationsystems（EIS）

informationsystemsforexecutivestouseformonitoringthecompetitiveenvironmentandforstrategicplanning

functionaldecomposition

dividingasystemintocomponentsbasedonsubsystemsthatinturnarefurtherdividedintosubsystems

informationsystem

acollectionofinterrelatedcomponentsthatcollect,process,store,andprovideasoutputtheinformationneededtocompletebusinesstasks

informationsystems

strategicplan

theplandefiningthetechnologyandapplicationsthattheinformationsystemsfunctionneedstosupporttheorganization’sstrategicplan

managementinformation

systems（MIS）

informationsystemsthattakeinformationcapturedbytransactionprocessingsystemsandproducereportsthatmanagementneedsforplanningandcontrol

officesupportsystems

supportsystemsthathelpemployeescreateandsharedocuments,includingreports,proposals,andmemos

strategicplanning

aprocessduringwhichexecutivestrytoanswerquestionsaboutthecompanysuchaswherethebusinessisnow,wheretheywantthebusinesstobe,andwhattheyhavetodotogetthere

subsystem

asystemthatispartofalargersystem

supersystem

alargersystemthatcontainsothersystems

supplychainmanagement（SCM）

aprocessthatseamlesslyintegratesproductdevelopment,productacquisition,manufacturing,andinventorymanagement

system

acollectionofinterrelatedcomponentsthatfunctiontogethertoachievesomeoutcome

systemboundary

theseparationbetweenasystemanditsenvironmentthatinputsandoutputsmustcross

systemsanalysis

theprocessofunderstandingandspecifyingindetailwhattheinformationsystemshoulddo

systemsanalyst

abusinessprofessionalwhousesanalysisanddesigntechniquestosolvebusinessproblemsusinginformationtechnology

systemsdesign

theprocessofspecifyingindetailhowthemanycomponentsoftheinformationsystemshouldbephysicallyimplemented

model模型

arepresentationofanimportantaspectoftherealworld

object对象

athinginthecomputersystemthatcanrespondtomessages

object-orientedanalysis（OOA）面向对象分析

definingallofthetypesofobjectsthatdotheworkinthesystemandshowingwhatuserinteractionsarerequiredtocompletetasks

object-orientedapproach面向对象方法

anapproachtosystemdevelopmentthatviewsaninformationsystemasacollectionofinteractingobjectsthatworktogethertoaccomplishtasks

object-orienteddesign（OOD）面向对象设计

definingallofthetypesofobjectsnecessarytocommunicatewithpeopleanddevicesinthesystem,showinghowobjectsinteracttocompletetasks,andrefiningthedefinitionofeachtypeofobjectsoitcanbeimplementedwithaspecificlanguageorenvironment

object-orientedprogramming（OOP）

writingstatementsinaprogramminglanguagetodefinewhateachtypeofobjectdoes,includingthemessagesthattheobjectssendtoeachother

phase

relatedsystemdevelopmentactivities,whicharegroupedintocategoriesofprojectplanning,analysis,design,implementation,andsupport

planningphase

theinitialphaseoftheSDLC,whoseobjectiveistoidentifythescopeofthenewsystemandplantheproject

problemdomain

theareaoftheuser’sbusinessforwhichasystemisbeingdeveloped

project

aplannedundertakingthathasabeginningandanend,andthatproducesadesiredresultorproduct

repository

adatabasethatstoresinformationaboutthesysteminaCASEtool,includingmodels,descriptions,andreferencesthatlinkthevariousmodelstogether

sociotechnicalsystems

informationsystemsthatincludebothsocialandtechnicalsubsystemsdesignedtoworkwelltogether

structurechart

agraphicalmodelshowingthehierarchyofprogrammodulesproducedbythestructureddesigntechnique

structuredanalysis

atechniquethathelpsthedeveloperdefinewhatthesystemneedstodo（theprocessingrequirements）,whatdatathesystemneedstostoreanduse（datarequirements）,whatinputsandoutputsareneeded,andhowthefunctions

worktogetherasawholetoaccomplishtasks

structuredapproach

systemdevelopmentusingstructuredanalysis,structureddesign,andstructuredprogrammingtechniques

structureddesign

atechniqueprovidingguidelinesfordecidingwhatthesetofprogramsinanISshouldbe,whateachprogramshouldaccomplish,andhowtheprogramsshouldbeorganizedintoahierarchy

structuredprogram

aprogramorprogrammodulethathasonebeginningandoneending,andforwhicheachstepintheprogramexecutionconsistsofsequence,decision,orrepetitionconstructs

supportphase

thephaseoftheSDLCwhoseobjectiveistokeepthesystemrunningproductivelyafteritisinstalled

systemdevelopmentmethodology

comprehensiveguidelinestofollowforcompletingeveryactivityinthesystemsdevelopmentlifecycle,includingspecificmodels,tools,andtechniques

systemsdevelopmentlifecycle（SDLC）

aprojectmanagementframeworkorganizedintophasesandactivities

technique

acollectionofguidelinesthathelpananalystcompleteasystemdevelopmentactivityortask

tool

softwaresupportthathelpscreatemodelsorothercomponentsrequiredintheproject

top-downprogramming

dividingmorecomplexprogramsintoahierarchyofprogrammodules

UnifiedProcess（UP）

anobject-orientedsystemdevelopmentmethodologyofferedbyRationalSoftware

waterfallapproach瀑布法

anapproachtoexecutinganSDLCinwhichonephaseleads（falls）sequentiallyintothenextphase

Chapter3

breakevenpoint盈亏平衡点

thepointintimewherethedollarbenefitshaveoffsetthedollarcosts

businessbenefits

thebenefitsthataccruetotheorganization;oftenmeasuredinmonetaryterms

client顾客

thepersonorgroupwhofundstheproject

contextdiagram

adataflowdiagram（DFD）showingthescopeofasystem

cost/benefitanalysis盈亏分析

theanalysistocomparecostsandbenefitstoseewhetherinvestinginthedevelopmentofanewsystemwillbebeneficial

criticalpath

asequenceoftasksthatcannotbedelayedwithoutcausingtheprojecttobecompletedlate

Ganttchart甘特图

abarchartthatrepresentsthetasksandactivitiesoftheprojectschedule

intangiblebenefits

benefitsthataccruetotheorganizationbutwhichcannotbemeasuredquantitativelyorestimatedaccurately

netpresentvalue（NPV）

thepresentvalueofdollarbenefitsandcostsforaninvestmentsuchasanewsystem

oversightcommittee

clientsandkeymanagerswhoreviewanddirecttheproject

paybackperiod回收期

thetimeperiodwherethedollarbenefitshaveoffsetthedollarcosts

PERT/CPM

atechniqueforschedulingaprojectbasedonindividualtasksoractivities

returnoninvestment（ROI）投资收益率

ameasureofthepercentagegainfromaninvestmentsuchasanewsystem

projectmanagement

organizinganddirectingotherpeopletoachieveaplannedresultwithinapredeterminedscheduleandbudget

proofofconceptprototype

averypreliminaryprototypebuilttoillustratethatasolutiontoabusinessneedisfeasible

systemscopedocument

adocument—containingdescription,businessbenefits,andsystemcapabilities—tohelpdefinethescopeofanewsystem

tangiblebenefits

benefitsthatcanbemeasuredorestimatedintermsofdollarsandthataccruetotheorganization

trackingGanttchart跟踪甘特图

atypeofGanttchartthatindicatesthecurrentdateandpercentageofworkcompletedforeachtask

user用户

thepersonorgroupofpersonswhowillusethenewsystem

weightedscoring

amethodtoprioritizeprojectsbasedoncriteriawithunequalweights

workbreakdownstructure（WBS）工作分解结构

thehierarchyofphases,activities,andtasksofaproject;onemethodtoestimateandschedulethetasksofaproject

Chapter4

activitydiagram

atypeofworkflowdiagramthatdescribestheuseractivitiesandtheirsequentialflow

closed-endedquestions封闭式问题

questionsthathaveasimple,definitiveanswer

functionalrequirement功能需求

asystemrequirementthatdescribesanactivityorprocessthatthesystemmustperform

groupsupportsystem（GSS）

acomputersystemthatenablesmultiplepeopletoparticipatewithcommentsatthesametime,eachontheuser’sowncomputer

jointapplicationdesign（JAD）

atechniquetodefinerequirementsordesignasysteminasinglesessionbyhavingallnecessarypeopleparticipate

logicalmodel

anymodelthatshowswhatthesystemisrequiredtodowithoutcommittingtoanyonetechnology

mock-up

anexampleofafinalproductthatisforviewingonly,andnotexecutable

open-endedquestions可修整式问题

questionsthatrequirediscussionanddonotnecessarilyhaveasimple,shortanswer

perform