英文文献及翻译.docx

英文文献及翻译.docx

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英文文献及翻译

英文翻译

学院（部）：

电气与信息工程学院

专业班级：

电气工程及其自动化四班

学生姓名：

杨浩

FROMTHEWORLDOFRADIOINTHEWORLD

TOASINGLECHIP

Moderncomputertechnology,industrialrevolution,theworldeconomyfromthecapitalintotheeconomytoknowledgeeconomy.Fieldintheelectronicworld,fromthe20thcenturyintotheeraofradiotocomputertechnologyinthe21stcenturyasthecenteroftheintelligentmoderneraofelectronicsystems.Thebasiccoreofmodernelectronicsystemsareembeddedcomputersystems（referredtoasembeddedsystems）,whilethemicrocontrolleristhemosttypicalandmostextensiveandmostpopularembeddedsystems.

First,radiohascreatedgenerationsofexcellenceintheworld

Fiftiesandsixtiesinthe20thcentury,themostrepresentativeoftheadvancedelectronictechnologyiswirelesstechnology,includingradiobroadcasting,radio,wirelesscommunications（telegraph）,AmateurRadio,radiopositioning,navigationandothertelemetry,remotecontrol,remotetechnology.Earlythattheseelectronictechnologyledmanyyoungpeopleintothewonderfuldigitalworld,radioshowwasawonderfullife,theprospectsforscienceandtechnology.Electronicsbegantoformanewdiscipline.Radioelectronics,wirelesscommunicationsbegane-worldjourney.

Radiotechnologynotonlyasarepresentativeofadvancedscienceandtechnologyatthattime,butalsofrompopulartoprofessionalfieldsofscience,attractingtheyoungpeopleandenablethemtofindalotoffun.Orefromthebedsidetothesuperheterodyneradioradio;reportissuedfromtheradioamateurradiostations;fromthetelephone,electricbelltotheradiocontrolmodel.Becamepopularyouthradiotechnology,scienceandtechnologyeducationisthemostpopularandmostextensivecontent.Sofar,manyoftheoldergenerationofengineers,experts,Professoroftheyearareradioenthusiasts.Funradiotechnology,radiotechnology,comprehensivetraining,frombasicprinciplesofelectronics,electroniccomponentstotheradio-basedremotecontrol,telemetry,remoteelectronicsystems,hastrainedseveralgenerationsoftechnologicalexcellence.

Second,fromthepopularityoftheradioeratoeraofelectronictechnology

Theearlyradiotechnologytopromotethedevelopmentofelectronictechnology,mostnotablyelectronicvacuumtubetechnologytosemiconductorelectronictechnology.Semiconductortechnologytorealizetheactivedeviceminiaturizationandlowcost,somorepopularwithradiotechnologyandinnovation,andtogreatlybroadenthenumberofnon-radio-controlareas.

Thedevelopmentofsemiconductortechnologyleadtotheproductionofintegratedcircuit,formingthemodernelectronictechnologyleapfromdiscreteelectronicsintotheeraoferaofintegratedcircuits.Electronicdesignengineersnolongerusethediscreteelectroniccomponentsdesignedcircuitmodules,anddirectselectionofintegratedcircuitcomponentsconstituteasinglesystem.Theyfreedthedesignofthecircuitunitdedicatedtosystemdesign,greatlyliberatingtheproductiveforcesofscienceandtechnology,promotethewiderspreadofelectronicsystems.

Semiconductorintegratedcircuitsinthebasicdigitallogiccircuitsfirstbreakthrough.

Alargenumberofdigitallogiccircuits,suchasgates,counters,timers,shiftregisters,andanalogswitches,comparators,etc.,fortheelectronicdigitalcontrolprovidesexcellentconditionsforthetraditionalmechanicalcontroltoelectroniccontrol.Powerelectronicdevicesandsensortechnologytomaketheoriginaltotheradioasthecenterofelectronictechnologyturnedtomechanicalengineeringinthefieldofdigitalcontrolsystems,testinginthefieldofinformationcollection,movementofelectricalmechanicalservodrivecontrolobject.

Semiconductorandintegratedcircuittechnologywillbringusauniversalageofelectronictechnology,wirelesstechnologyasthefieldofelectronictechnologyapartof.

70yearsintothe20thcentury,largescaleintegratedcircuitappearedtopromotetheconventionalelectroniccircuitunit-specificelectronicsystemsdevelopment.Manyelectronicsystemsunitintoadedicatedintegrateddevicessuchasradios,electronicclocks,calculators,electronicengineersintheseareasfromthecircuit,thesystemdesignedtodebugintothedeviceselection,peripheraldeviceadapterwork.Electronictechnology,andelectronicproductsenriched,electronicengineerstoreducethedifficulty,butatthesametime,radiotechnology,electronictechnologyhasweakenedthecharm.Thedevelopmentofsemiconductorintegratedcircuitsclassicalelectronicsystemsarematuring,remaininthelargescaleintegratedcircuitotherthantheshrinkingofelectronictechnology,electronictechnologyisnottheolddaysofradiofuntimesandcomprehensiveengineeringtraining.

Third,fromtheclassiceraofelectronictechnologytomodernelectronictechnologyofthetimes

80yearsintothe20thcentury,thecenturyofeconomicchangeisthemostimportantrevolutioninthecomputer.Thecomputerrevolutioninthemostimportantsignisthebirthofthecomputerembeddedapplications.Moderncomputernumericalrequirementsshouldbeborn.Alongperiodoftime,istodevelopthemassivecomputernumericalduty.Butthecomputershowsthelogicoperation,processing,control,attractingexpertsinthefieldofelectroniccontrol,theywantdevelopmenttomeetthecontrolobjectrequirementsofembeddedapplications,computersystems.Ifyoumeetthemassivedata-processingcomputersystemknownasgeneral-purposecomputersystem,thenthesystemcanbetheembeddedobject（suchasships,aircraft,motorcycles,etc.）inacomputersystemcalledtheembeddedcomputer.Clearly,boththedirectionoftechnologydevelopmentaredifferent.Theformerrequiresmassivedatastorage,handling,processingandanalysisofhigh-speeddatatransmission;whilethelatterrequiresreliableoperationinthetargetenvironment,theexternalphysicalparametersonhigh-speedacquisition,analysisandprocessinglogicandtherapidcontrolofexternalobjects.Itwilladdanearlygeneral-purposecomputerdataacquisitionunit,theoutputdrivercircuitreluctancetoformaheattreatmentfurnacetemperaturecontrolsystem.Thisgeneral-purposecomputersystemisnotpossibleformostoftheelectronicsystemused,andtomakegeneral-purposecomputersystemmeetstherequirementsofembeddedapplications,willinevitablyaffectthedevelopmentofhigh-speednumericprocessing.Inordertosolvethecontradictionbetweenthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,inthe20thcentury70s,semiconductorexpertsanotherway,infullaccordancewiththeelectronicsystemembeddedcomputerapplicationrequirements,amicro-computer'sbasicsystemonachip,theformationoftheearlySCM（SingleChipMicrocomputer）.Aftertheadventofsinglechipinthecomputerindustrybegantoappearinthegeneral-purposecomputersystemsandembeddedsystemsthetwobranches.Sincethen,boththeembeddedsystem,orgeneral-purposecomputersystemshavebeendevelopedrapidly.

Althoughtheearlygeneral-purposecomputerconvertedtheembeddedcomputersystems,andrealembeddedsystembeganintheemergenceofSCM.Becausethemicrocontrollerisdesignedspecificallyforembeddedapplications,theMCUcanonlyachieveembeddedapplications.MCUembeddedapplicationsthatbestmeetenvironmentalrequirements,forexample,chip-levelphysicalspace,large-scaleintegratedcircuitslow-cost,goodperipheralinterfacebusandoutstandingcontrolofinstruction.

Acomputersystemmicrocontrollercore,embeddedelectronicsystems,intelligentelectronicsystemsforthefoundation.Therefore,thecurrentsinglechipelectronicsysteminwidespreaduseofelectronicsystemstoenablerapidtransitiontotheclassicalmodernintelligentelectronicsystems.

4,singlechiptocreatethemoderneraofelectronicsystems

Amicrocontrollerandembeddedsystems

Embeddedcomputersystemsfromembeddedapplications,embeddedsystemsforearlygeneral-purposecomputeradaptedtotheobjectsystemembeddedinavarietyofelectronicsystems,suchastheship'sautopilot,enginemonitoringsystems.Embeddedsystemisprimarilyacomputersystem,followedbyitbeingembeddedintotheobjectsystem,objectsintheobjectsystemtoachieverequireddatacollection,processing,statusdisplay,theoutputcontrolfunctions,asembeddedintheobjectsystem,embeddedsystemcomputerdoesnothaveanindependentformandfunctionofthecomputer.SCMisentirelyinaccordancewiththerequirementsofembeddedsystemdesign,soSCMisthemosttypicalembeddedsystems.SCMistheearlyapplicationoftechnicalrequirementsinaccordancewiththedesignofembeddedcomputerchipintegration,hencethenamesinglechip.Subsequently,theMCUembeddedapplicationstomeetthegrowingdemandsofitscontrolfunctionsandperipheralinterfacefunctions,inparticular,highlightthecontrolfunction,sohasinternationalnamethesinglechipmicrocontroller（MCU,MicrocontrollerUnit）.

2MCUmodernelectronicsystemsconsistingofelectronicsystemswillbecomemainstream

MCUisadevice-levelcomputersystems,itcanbeembeddedintoanyobjectsystemtoachieveintelligentcontrol.Smalltomicro-machinery,suchaswatches,hearingaids.Low-costintegrateddevice-level,low-toafewdollars,tendollars,enoughtospreadtomanycivilianSCMappliances,electronictoystogo.SCMconstitutesamodernelectronicsystemshasin-depthtothehouseholds,arechangingourlives,suchashomeaudio,televisions,washingmachines,microwaveovens,telephones,securitysystems,andairconditioners.SCMinnovationtheoriginalelectronicsystems,suchasmicrowaveovensuseSCM,