人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案doc.docx
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人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案doc
人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案
Unit1〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Ageneral-purposecomputerhasfourmainsections.Theyarethearithmeticandlogicunit(ALU),thecontrolunit,thememory,andtheinputandoutputdevices,collectivelytermedI/O.Theyareinterconnectedbybusses,oftenmadeofgroupsofwires.
(2)Thecontrolunitisoftencalledacontrolsystemorcentralcontroller.
(3)●Readthecodeforthenextinstructionfromthecellindicatedbytheprogramcounter.
●Decodethenumericalcodefortheinstructionintoasetofcommandsorsignalsforeachoftheothersystems.
●Incrementtheprogramcountersoitpointstothenextinstruction.
●Readwhateverdatatheinstructionrequiresfromcellsinmemory,orperhapsfromaninputdevice.Thelocationofthisrequireddataistypicallystoredwithintheinstructioncode.
●ProvidethenecessarydatatoanALUorregister.
●IftheinstructionrequiresanALUorspecializedhardwaretocomplete,instructthehardwaretoperformtherequestedoperation.
●WritetheresultfromtheALUbacktoamemorylocationortoaregisterorperhapsanoutputdevice.
●Jumpbacktothefirststep.
(4)ThetwoclassesofoperationsALUiscapableofperformingarearithmeticandlogic.
(5)LogicoperationsinvolveBooleanlogic:
AND,OR,XORandNOT.
(6)Acomputer'smemorycanbeviewedasalistofcellsintowhichnumberscanbeplacedorread.Eachcellhasanumbered"address"andcanstoreasinglenumber.
(7)ThetwoprincipalvarietiesofcomputermainmemoryarerandomaccessmemoryorRAMandread-onlymemoryorROM.
(8)InaPC,thespecializedprogramcalledtheBIOSorchestratesloadingthecomputer'soperatingsystemfromtheharddiskdriveintoRAMwheneverthecomputeristurnedonorreset.(9)SoftwarethatisstoredinROMisoftencalledfirmwarebecauseitisnotionallymorelikehardwarethansoftware.
(10)I/Oisthemeansbywhichacomputerreceivesinformationfromtheoutsideworldandsendsresultsback.
〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释,写出相应的英文词汇
(1)input
(2)microprocessor(3)program(4)bus(5)hardware(6)memory(7)output(8)cell(9)register(10)address
〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1)他进城的目的是买一台新计算机。
(2)大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器。
(3)软盘可以是双倍密度的或者高密度的。
(4)公式包括单元的地址。
(5)C语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”。
(6)每一个浏览器都有内置的功能来理解HTML。
(7)C语言是世界上最流行的计算机语言之一。
(8)Java技术既是一种编程语言,也是一个平台。
(9)实际上,一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的图形用户界面。
(10)数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。
〖Ex.5〗将下列词填入适当的位置(每词只用一次)
(1)hardware
(2)operate(3)device(4)other(5)effective(6)moving(7)considered(8)designer(9)exists(10)speed
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Thecomputerenclosureisusedtoprotectthecomponentsandcircuitryhousedthereinfromphysicaldamage,andtopreventelectromagneticsignalsgeneratedbycomponentsofthecomputerfromescapingandcausingelectromagneticinterference(EMI)tootherelectronicdevicesinthevicinityofthecomputer.
(2)Atypicalcomputerenclosureincludesachassis,anexpansioncardseat,afrontbezelandapluralityofcomponentsconnectabletoexternalapparatusandsystems.
(3)Ageneralcomputersystemisbasicallybuiltwithamotherboard,interfacecardsandperipherals.
(4)Themotherboardisthephysicalarrangementthatcontainsthesystem'sbasiccircuitryandcomponents.
(5)Memoryisasemiconductorstoragedeviceforholdingprogramsordata.There'rethreebasicformsofmemories.Theyaredynamicstorage,non-volatilememoryandstaticmemory.
Indynamicstorage,datamustbeconstantlyrefreshedanddataareerasedwhenpowerisnolongerappliedtothecell.Innon-volatilememory,dataremainspermanentlyinthecellevenwhenpowerisnotapplied,andinstaticmemorydatadoesnotneedtoberefreshedbutitsdataislostwhenpowerisnolongerappliedtothecell.
(6)RAMdiffersfromROMinthatwhenpowerisdisconnectedfromRAM,thedatastoredinrandomaccessmemoryislostwhereaswhenpowerisdisconnectedfromROMthedatastoredinreadonlymemoryremains.
(7)ROMcanbefurthercategorizedintoaprogrammablereadonlymemory(PROM),erasableprogrammablereadonlymemory(EPROM),andelectricallyerasableprogrammablereadonlymemory(EEPROM).Whereas,RAMcanbefurthercategorizedintoastaticrandomaccessmemory(SRAM)andadynamicrandomaccessmemory(DRAM).
(8)Acomputerdataprocessorisoftenreferredtoasamicroprocessor.Amicroprocessorisacircuitthatcombinestheinstruction-handling,arithmetic,andlogicaloperationsofacomputeronasinglesemiconductorintegratedcircuit.Microprocessorscanbegroupedintotwogeneralclasses,namelygeneral-purposemicroprocessorsandspecial-purposemicroprocessors.
(9)Aharddiskdrive(HDD)isadevicethatstoresorreproducesdatainadesiredstoragelocationbymovingitsmagneticheadtothedesiredlocationinaheadloadstate.Theharddiskdriveisstandardequipmentforpersonalcomputer,serverorindustrialcomputer.
(10)Generally,theHDDiselectricallyconnectedwithamotherboardofthecomputerbymeansofasignalcableassemblyandapowercableassemblyinterconnectedbetweenthemotherboardandtheswitchingpowersupply.
Unit2〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Acathoderaytube(CRT)displaysapicturebydisplayingapluralityofpixelsonascreenusingelectricchargeswhicharedischargedfromacathoderaytubeandimpactafluorescentplate.
(2)CRTmonitorsarelargeandbulkyduetothelargevacuumtubesthatenclosethecathodeandextendfromthecathodetothefaceplateofthedisplay.Additionally,CRTsrequirearelativelyhighvoltagepowersupplytosufficientlyaccelerateelectronbeamsfordisplayingimages.
(3)Theflatpaneldisplaymayincludealiquidcrystaldisplay(LCD),aplasmadisplaypanel(PDP),anorganiclightemittingdisplay(OLED),andafieldemissiondisplay(FED),etc.
(4)Aprinterisanimageformationdevicewhichreceivesdatafromahostcomputerandthenformsacorrespondingimageontoarecordablemediumsuchasasheetofpaper.
(5)Dot-impactprinter,inkjetprinter,laserprinter,andthermalprinterthemostpopularprinters.
(6)Inkjetprintinghasgainedwideacceptancebyconsumersintheprintingindustrybecauseitisfastinprintingspeedandisarelativelyinexpensiveformofprintingandyetitproduceshighresolutionprintedimages.
(7)Thelaserprinterhasadvantageousoperatingcharacteristicsoflownoise,highspeedandhighresolution.
(8)Asoundcardoftenincludesapowerfulnumericprocessor,suchasadigitalsignalprocessor(DSP),whichcanperformfrequencymodulationsynthesisforthevariousfunctionsofthesoundboard.
(9)Intypicalnetworks,computersystemsuseNICstoenablethemtocommunicateovernetworkswithothercomputersystems.
(10)Anetworkinterfacecardtypicallyprovidesaphysicalconnectionbetweenahostandanetworkornetworks,aswellasprovidingmediaaccesscontrol(MAC)functionsthatallowthehosttoaccessthenetworkornetworks.
〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释,写出相应的英文词汇
(1)screen
(2)monitor(3)pixel(4)cathode(5)faceplate
(6)voltage(7)reciprocate(8)continuous(9)resolution
(10)character
〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1)操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序。
(2)典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合。
(3)压缩过的文件通常要使用像PKZip或WinZip这样的实用工具软件解压。
(4)只通过行号和列标(如“A1”)来调用单元格称作相对引用。
(5)软盘不能保存太多的数据,但绝大多数计算机都能够读取它们的信息。
(6)万维网涉及因特网上所有可以公共访问的文档。
(7)数据库管理系统允许用户对安全性和数据完整性请求进行控制。
(8)要执行数学运算,函数比公式更有效。
(9)在更大的网络中,从一个交换点到另一个交换点的旅行被称为“中继”。
(10)统一资源定位符基本上就是赋给浏览器的一个文件的地址。
〖Ex.5〗将下列词填入适当的位置(每词只用一次)
(1)laser
(2)mix(3)layers(4)heat(5)cooled
(6)become(7)controlling(8)reflect(9)absorb
(10)digital(11)results(12)reformed
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1)five,amajortechnologicaldevelopment
(2)vacuumtubes,magneticdrums,veryexpensive,heat
(3)machinelanguage,one
(4)UNIVAC,ENIACcomputers
(5)transistors,punchedcards,printouts
(6)symbolic,orassembly,languages,tospecifyinstructionsinwords,COBOL,FORTRAN
(7)theintegratedcircuit,amassaudience,smallerandcheaper
(8)Themicroprocessor,asinglesiliconchip
(9)IBM,1984
(10)artificialintelligence
(11)Quantumcomputation,nanotechnology
(12)naturallanguageinput,learningandself-organization
Unit3〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Computersoftwareconsistsofprograms.Itenablesacomputertoperformspecifictasks.Thetermincludesapplicationsoftware,systemsoftwareandmiddleware.
(2)Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructions(objectcodes),whichchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.
(3)Systemsoftwarehelpsrunthecomputerhardwareandcomputersystem.Itincludesoperatingsystems,devicedrivers,diagnostictools,servers,windowingsystems,utilitiesandmore.
(4)Programmingsoftwareusuallyprovidestoolstoassistaprogrammerinwritingcomputerprogramsandsoftwareusingdifferentprogramminglanguagesinamoreconvenientway.Thetoolsincludetexteditors,compilers,interpreters,linkers,debuggers,andsoon.
(5)Applicationsoftwareallowsenduserstoaccomplishoneormorespecific(non-computerrelated)tasks.Typicalapplicationsincludeindustrialautomation,businesssoftware,educationalsoftware,medicalsoftware,databases,andcomputergames.
(6)Theyareplatformsoftware,applicationsoftwareandusersoftware.
(7)Platformsoftwareincludesthefirmware,devicedrivers,anoperatingsystem,andtypicallyagraphicaluserinterface.
(8)TypicalexamplesofapplicationsoftwareareOfficesuitesandvideogames.
(9)Usersoftwareincludesspreadsheettemplates,wordprocessormacros,scientificsimulations,andscriptsforgraphicsandanimations.
(10)Instructionsmaybeperformedsequentially,conditionally,oriteratively.Sequentialinstructionsarethoseoperationsthatareperformedoneafteranother.