新增补全短文.docx

新增补全短文.docx

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新增补全短文

第二篇BabyTalk

　　Babiesnormallystarttotalkwhentheyare13to15monthsold.RyanJonesisonlyeightmonthsold,butheisalready“talking”withhisparents.Whenlieishungry,heopensandcloseshishand.Thismeansmilk.Healsoknowsthesignsforhisfavoritetoyandthewordmore.

　　Ryanisnotdeaf,andhisparentsarenotdeaf,buthismotherandfatherareteachinghimtosign.Theysayawordandmakeasignatthesametime.Theyrepeatthisagainandagain.When1Ryan’sparentsthinkthathewillbeahappierbabybecausehecancommunicatewiththem.

　　RyansparentsareteachingRyantosignbecauseofamannamedJosephGarcia.AlthoughGarciawasnotfromadeaffamily,hedecidedtolearnAmericanSignLanguage（ASL）.First,hetookcoursesinASL.Thenhegotajobhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicatewithhearingpeople.Inhiswork,hesawmanydeafparentssigntotheirinfants.Henoticedthatthesebabieswereabletocommunicatemuchearlierthanhearingchildren.2Whentheywereoneyearold,theycoulduseasmanyas50signs.

　　Garciadecidedtotrysomethingnew.HetaughtASLtoparentswhowerenotdeaf.Thefamiliesstartedtoteachsignstotheirinfantswhentheyweresixorsevenmonthsold.3MoreandmoreparentstookGarcia’sASLclasses.LikeRyan’sfamily,theywereexcitedaboutsigningwiththeirbabies.Theywantedtogivetheirbabiesawaytocommunicatebeforetheycouldusespokenwords.

　　Somepeopleworryaboutsigningtobabies.Theyareafraidthatthesebabieswon’tfeelaneedtotalk.Maybetheywilldevelopspokenlanguagelaterthanotherbabies.4Infact,onestudyfoundjusttheopposite.Signingbabiesactuallylearnedtospeakearlierthanotherchildren.Astheygrowolder,thesechildrenaremoreinterestedinbooks.Theyalsoscorehigheronintelligencetests1.

　　Thereisstillabigquestionforparents:

Whicharethebestsignstoteachtheirbabies?

Someparentsmaketheirownsigns.OtherparentswanttoteachASL.5There，snoclearanswer,butwedoknowthis:

Allsigningbabiesandtheirfamiliesaretalkingquitealot!

第三篇CommonQuestionsaboutDreams

　　Doeseveryonedream?

　　Yes.Researchshowsthatwealldream.WehaveourmostvividdreamsduringatypeofsleepcalledRapidEyeMovement（REM）sleep.DuringREMsleep,thebrainisveryactive.Theeyesmovequicklybackandforth1underthelids,andthelargemusclesofthebodyarerelaxed.REMsleepoccursevery90-100minutes,threetofourtimesanight,anditlastslongerasthenightgoeson.1Wedreamatothertimesduringthenight,too,butthosedreamsarelessvivid.

　　Dopeopleremembertheirdreams?

　　Afewpeopleremembertheirdreams.However,mostpeopleforgetnearlyeverythingthathappenedduringthenight一dreams,thoughts,andtheshortperiodsoftimewhentheywereawake.

　　2Itseemsthatthememoryofthedreamisnottotallylost，butforsomereasonitisveryhardtobringitback2.Ifyouwanttorememberyourdream,thebestthingtodoistowriteitdownassoonasyouwakeup.

　　Aredreamsincolor?

　　Mostdreamsareincolor.However,peoplemaynotbeawareofitfortworeasons：

Theydon，tusuallyrememberthedetailsoftheirdreams,ortheydon，tnoticethecolorbecauseitissuchanaturalpartofourlives.3Dodreamshavemeaning?

　　Scientistscontinuetodebatethisissue.34Somepeopleusedreamstohelpthemlearnmoreabouttheirfeelings,thoughts,behavior,motives,andvalues.Othersfindthatdreamscanhelpthemsolveproblems.It’salsotruethatartists,writers,andscientistsoftengetcreativeideasfromdreams.

　　HowcanIlearntounderstandmydreams?

　　Themostimportantthingtorememberisthatyourdreamsarepersonal.Thepeople,actions,andsituationsinyourdreamsreflectyourexperience,yourthoughts,andyourfeelings.Somedreamexpertsbelievethattherearecertaintypesofdreamsthatmanypeoplehave,eveniftheycomefromdifferentculturesortimeperiods.Usually,however,thesamedreamwillhavedifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople.Forexample,anelephantinadreammaymeanonethingtoazookeeperandsomethingverydifferenttoachildwhosefavoritetoyisastuffedelephant.5Thenlookforlinksbetweenyourdreamsandwhatishappeninginyourdailylife.Ifyouthinkhardandyouarepatient,perhapsthemeaningofyourdreamswillbecomeclearertoyou.

第六篇TheApgarTest

　　Thebabywasbomat3:

36p.m.At3:

37，shescored4outof10onherfirsttest.At3:

41，shescored8outof10.Thedoctorwasglad.

　　Anotherbaby,bomat8:

24p.m.，scored3outof10onhisfirsttestHescored4outof10onhissecondtest.Hetookanothertestat8:

34andscored5.1Hecalledforhelp1.

　　ThesenewbornbabiestookatestcalledtheApgartest.Thistesthelpsdoctorsdiagnoseproblems.2Mostbabiestaketwotests.Thefirstisat1minuteafterbirth,andthesecondisat5minutesafterbirth.Ifababy’sscoreat5minutesislessthan6，thebabytakesanothertestat10minutesafterbirth.

　　TheApgartestisnotanintelligencetest.It’satestthatshowsababy’shealthrightafteritisbom.TheApgartestmeasuresthingssuchasababy’scolor,heartrate,andbreathing.Thetesthasfiveparts,andthescoreforeachpartcanbe0，1，or2.3

　　AdoctornamedVirginiaApgardevelopedthetest.ApgarwenttomedicalschoolatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCityin1929.Shefacedmanychallengesbecauseshewasthefirstwomanintheprogram.However,shewasoneofthebeststudentsinherclass.Aftermedicalschool，shestartedtreatingpatients2.

　　Apgaralsobecamearesearcherinanesthesiology,anewtopicinmedicineatthetime3.Duringherstudies,shelearnedhowtogivepatientsanesthesia.4

　　Inthe1940s，manywomenstartedtohaveanesthesiawhentheygavebirth.Apgarhadaquestion:

Howdoesanesthesiaaffectnewbornbabies?

In1949,whenApgarwasaprofessoratColumbia’smedicalschool,shecreatedhersimpletest.Shewroteapaperabouthermethodsin1953.Soonafter,peoplestartedusingtheApgartestaroundtheworld.

　　Inherwork,Apgarsawthatmanynewbornshadproblems.Shewantedtohelpthesebabiessurvive.Shestoppedpracticingmedicinein1959，andshewentbacktoschooltogetamaster’sdegreeinpublichealth.5

　　Today，theApgartestisstillusedallovertheworld.Newbornbabiesdon’tknowit,butVirginiaApgarisaveryimportantpersoninthefirstfewminutesoftheirlives.

　第七篇leeCreamTasterHasSweetJob

　　JohnHarrisonhaswhatmustbethemostwantedjobintheUnitedStates.He’stheofficialtasterforEdy’sGrandIceCream,oneofthenation’sbest-sellingbrands.Harrison’stastebudsareinsuredfor$1million.1Andwhenheisn’tdoingthat,hetravels,buyingEdy’sinsupermarketsalloverthecountrysothathecancheckforperfectappearance，texture,andflavor.

　　AfterIinterviewedHarrison,Irealizedthatthelifeofanicecreamtasterisn’tallCookies’nCream一aflavorthat*heinvented,bytheway.No,it’sextremelyhardwork,whichrequiresdisciplineandselflessness.

　　Foronething，hedoesn’tswallowonthejob.Likeacoffeetaster,Harrisonspits.Usingagoldspoontoavoid“off’flavors,hetakesasmallbiteandmovesitaroundinhismouthtointroduceittoall9,000orsotastebuds.2Thenhebreathesingentlytobringthearomaupthroughthebackofhisnose.EachstephelpsHarrisonevaluatewhethertheicecreamhasagoodbalanceofdairy,sweetness,andaddedingredients一thethree-flavorcomponentsoficecream.Then,eveniftheicecreamtastesheavenly,heputsitintoatrashcan.Afullstomachmakesit,impossibletojudgethequalityoftheflavors.

　　Duringtheworkweek,Harrisontoldmethathehastomakeothersacrifices,too:

noonions,garlic,orspicyfood,andnocaffeine.Caffeinewillblockthetastebuds,hesays,sohisbreakfastisacupofherbaltea.3

　　Harrison’sfamilyhasbeenintheicecreambusinessinonewayoranother1forfourgenerations,soHarrisonhasspenthisentirelifewithit2.However,hehasneverlosthisloveforitscold,creamysweetness.4Ontheseoccasions3，hedoesswallow,andheeatsaboutaquart（0.95liters）eachweek.Bycomparison4,theaveragepersonintheUnitedStateseats23.2quarts（21.96liters）oficecreamandotherfrozendairyproductseachyear.

　　Edy，sicecreamisavailableindozensofflavors.Sowhatflavordoesthebest-trainedice-creamtasterinthecountryprefer?

Vanilla!

Infact,vanillaisthebest-sellingvarietyintheUnitedStates.

“It，saverycomplexflavor，，，Harrisonsays.

第二篇婴儿语

　　婴儿通常在1~15个月的时候开始说话。

RyanJones刚刚8个月，但他已经开始和父母“说话”了。

他饿的时候，就会把手一张一合，这个动作表示牛奶。

他还懂得表示他最喜欢的玩具以及“更多”这个词。

　　Ryan不是聋哑人，他的父母也不是，但他们正在教他手语。

他们在说话的同时做出相应的手语姿势，并不断重复。

当Ryan学会一个新的手势时，家人都非常高兴。

Ryan的父母认为，因为能和父母交流，Ryan会成为一个更快乐的婴儿。

　　Ryan的父母之所以教Ryan手语，是因为一名叫JosephGarcia的人。

Garcia也不是聋哑人,但他决定学习美国手语（ASL）。

最开始的时候，他参加了一门相关课程的学习。

之后，他得到了一份帮助聋哑人和正常人交流的工作，在工作中，他看到很多聋哑人父母用手语与他们的幼子交流。

他注意到，这些孩子能比正常孩子更早地与他人交流。

他们8个月大的时候就能通过手语进行交流，而到了1岁的时候，他们能使用多达50种手势。

　　Garcia决定进行一些新的尝试，他向非聋哑人父母教授美国手语。

这些家庭在孩子六七个月的时候就教孩子手语，而孩子们在大约两个月之后就开始使用这些手语了。

越来越多的父母前去参加的美国手语课程。

和Ryan的家人一样，他们对于能和孩子通过手语交流感到非常兴奋。

他们想让孩子在会说话之前学会一种交流的方式。

　　有些人对此很担忧，他们担心这些小孩会觉得开口说话没有必要，这样他们的语言能力发展可能比其他孩子慢。

然而，研究表明，事实并非如此。

实际上，有一项研究发现，事实正好相反，掌握手语的孩子实际上比其他孩子更早开口说话。

随着年龄的增长，他们对阅读的兴趣更强，在智力测试中获得的分数更高。

　　对于父母来说，还有一个大问题：

哪种手语对孩子来说是最好的?

有的父母使用自己创造的手势，还有些父母使用美国手语，这种手语懂的人多，因此更有用。

目前对于这个问题还没有明确的答案，但是我们确切地知道：

会用手语的婴儿和他们的家人会“说”很多话!

第三篇关于梦的常见问题

　　每个人都会做梦吗?

　　是的。

研宄表明我们都会做梦。

在一种叫作快速眼动（REM）的睡眠期里，我们会有最清晰生动的梦。

在这种睡眠期里，大脑非常活跃，眼睛在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动，而且身体的大肌肉会得到放松。

快速眼动睡眠期每隔90~100分钟会出现一次，一晚会出现3~4次,而且随着入夜渐深，每次持续的时间也会变长。

最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长达45分钟。

我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦，但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清晰生动。

人们会记得他们的梦吗?

　　一些人会记得他们的梦。

然而，大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有的事一一梦、思想以及他们醒着时的短暂时光。

但是，有时人们会在当