经济常用术语.docx
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经济常用术语
经济术语练习:
1.双边垄断
2.收支相抵点
3.资源配置
4.消费者偏好
5.高附加值的深加工
6.菜篮子工程
7.统一定价
8.配套改革
9.紧缩银根
10.国家统配物资
1.bilateral monopoly
2.break even point
3.allocation of resources
4.consumer preference
5.down-streamprocessingwithhighadded-value
6.shoppingbasketproject
7.unifiedpricesetting
8.coordinatedreforms
9.tightenthemoneysupply
10.
materialsallocatedbystate
accounting 会计
accounting cost 会计成本
accounting profit 会计利润
allocation 配置
allocation of resources 资源配置
allocative efficiency 配置效率
antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法
average 平均
average cost 平均成本
average cost pricing 平均成本定价法
average fixed cost 平均固定成本
average product of capital 资本平均产量
average product of labour 劳动平均产量
average revenue 平均收益
average total cost 平均总成本
average variable cost 平均可变成本
B
barriers to entry 进入壁垒
base year 基年
bilateral monopoly 双边垄断
benefit 收益
black market 黑市
break even point 收支相抵点
budget 预算
budget constraint 预算约束
capital 资本
capital stock 资本存量
capital output ratio 资本产出比率
capitalism 资本主义
change in demand 需求变化
change in quantity demanded 需求量变化
change in quantity supplied 供给量变化
change in supply 供给变化
choice 选择
command economy 指令经济
commodity 商品来源:
考试大-专四专八考试
commodity combination 商品组合
commodity market 商品市场
commodity space 商品空间
common property 公用财产
compensation principles 补偿原则
compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量
competition 竞争
competitive market 竞争性市场
complement goods 互补品
condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件
condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件
consumer behavior 消费者行为
consumer choice 消费者选择
consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡
consumer optimization 消费者优化
consumer preference 消费者偏好
consumer surplus 消费者剩余
consumer theory 消费者理论
consumption 消费
consumption bundle 消费束
consumption combination 消费组合
经济指标economicindicators
社会总产值totalproductofsociety
国民生产总值GNP(GrossDomesticProduct)
国内生产总值GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)
人均国内生产总值GDPpercapita
工农业总产值grossoutputvalueofindustryandagriculture
国民收入nationalincome
购买力平价法purchasingpowerparity
财政收入staterevenue
社会商品零售总额totalvolumeofretailsales
社会零售物价总指数generalretailpriceindex
百分点percentagepoints
"八五"计划the8thFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment
计划经济plannedeconomy
统购统销statemonopolyoverpurchaseandmarketing
市场经济marketeconomy
指令性计划mandatoryplan
指导性计划guidanceplan
市场调节marketregulation
建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"establishoperationalmechanismsofmarketeconomy,rulebylaw,democraticsupervisionandincorruptiblegovernment
抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stressprioritiesoveragriculture,transportationandenergysupply,educationandscienceandtechnology
实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimizeindustrialstructure,ecologicalenvironmentandthequalityofpopulation
第一、二、三产业primary,secondaryandtertiaryindustries
外向型经济export-orientedeconomy
创汇型企业foreignexchange-earningenterprise
劳动密集型laborintensive
技术、智力、资本密集型technology,knowledgeorcapitalintensive
高附加值的深加工down-streamprocessingwithhighadded-value
优化资源配置optimizeallocationofresources
生产力productiveforces
生产资料capitalgoods
科研成果产业化industrializationofresearchfindings
火炬计划TorchPlan
技术入股technologyappraisedascapitalstock
风险投资ventureinvestment/capital
固定资产投资investmentinfixedassets
折旧费depreciationcost
关系民生的产品productsvitaltothepeople'slivelihood
供大于求oversupply
供不应求shortsupply
经济过热overheatedeconomy
抑制炒房地产热stemfrenziedandspeculativetradinginthepropertymarket
宏观调控macro-economiccontrol
经济杠杆economiclevers
产业政策industrialpolicy
财政,税收,信贷,利率,汇率publicfinancing,taxation,credit,interestrate,exchangerate
提高经济效益enhanceeconomicperformance/returns
社会效益socialeffect/returns
实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bringaboutsustained,stableandcoordinateddeve
lopment
财政赤字(盈余)budgetdeficit(surplus)
外贸出口总额grossforeignexportvalue
外商直接投资协议金额contractedforeigndirectinvestment
实际利用外资foreigninvestmentinactualuse
三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)threekindsofenterpriseswithforeign
investment:
sino-foreignjointventure,contractualjointventure
允许外商独资经营allowfullforeignequityoperation
优惠条件confessionalterms;favorableterms
减免税收taxreductionandexemption
合作方式approachestocooperation
出资方式meansofcontributinginvestment
合营期限contracttermofajointventure
三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)processingandcompensationtrades(processingwithmaterialsorgivensamples,assemblingsuppliedcomponents)
贸易伙伴tradepartner
转口贸易transittrade
外贸顺差foreigntradesurplus
积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验activelyintroducecapital,technology,competentprofessionalsandmanagerialexpertiseformoutside
交钥匙工程turn-keyproject
招标承包制biddinginvitationcontractsystem
招标出售技术bidsfortechnology
公开招标callforbid;tenders
招标单invitationforbid(IFB)
标书biddingdocument
竟标competitivebidding
投标bidforaproject
投标报价书bidproposals
评标bidproposalevaluation
开标bidopening
中标winabid;beawardedatender
拍卖auction
租赁leasing
保税区bondedarea;freetradearea
实行全方位开放practicemulti-directionalopening
统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unifiedpolicy,liberalizedoperation,andequ
alcompetition
自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibilityforone'sownprofitsandlosses,theintegrationofindustryandforeigntrade,andthepromotionofagent
system
知识产权intellectualpropertyrights
技术转让technologytransfer
可行性研究feasibilitystudy
意向书letterofintent
投资环境investmentenvironment
跨国公司transnationalcoorporation
基础设施infrastructure
20年基本实现现代化basicallyachievemodernizationin20years
发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serveasamediumforintroducingadvancedtechnologies,managerialexpertiseandqualifiedprofessionalsfromoutside.
招商attractinvestment
招商项目projectproposalsforinvestment
同国际惯例接轨followtheinternationalcodesofpractice;bring…inline
withtheinternationalusage
加大改革力度intensifyreforms
一条龙服务onepackageservice
一支笔审批one-chopapproval
我们两市的经济互补性很强。
Toagreatextent,theeconomiesbetweenourtwocitiesarecomplementarytoeachother.
平等互利,互通有无equalityandmutualbenefit,andtradingofneededgoods
外引内联actasanintermediaryforintroducingforeigncapitalandestablishingdomesticconnections
保持发展后劲bringaboutasustainabledevelopment;sustainmomentumofdevel
opment
经济实力economiccapabilities
龙头pacemaker;leadingrole
三通一平(水通、电通、路通、施工场地平)"threeconnectionsandoneleveling"assuringthataconstructionsiteisconnectedtowaterandelectricpowers
uppliesandroads,andthatthegroundisleveledbeforeaprojectisbegun.
瓶颈bottleneck
以工养农useindustrialincometofinanceagriculture
以路养路usetollstorepayinvestmentinroadprojects
下放审批权delegatetheauthoritytoexamineandapprovetolowerlevels
统而不死,活而不乱ensureaflexiblecontrol
良性循环positivecycle
国民经济的支柱mainstayofthenationaleconomy
格局初步形成Patternhastakeninitialshape.
理顺企业的产权关系rationalizethepropertyrightsrelationshipsofenterpris
es
政策性亏损policy-relatedloss
三角债chaindebts
上不封顶,下不保底setnoceilinglimitandgivenominimumguarantee
企业“工效挂钩”linktotalpayrollwiththeperformanceofanenterprise
生意兴隆/冷淡Businessisbooming/sluggish
质量信得过单位qualitytrustworthyorganization
批量生产massproduction
以销定产limitproductiontomarketability
内联企业inlandassociatedenterprises
菜篮子工程shoppingbasketproject
国产化percentageofhome-madeparts
配套改革coordinatedreforms
配套措施supportingmeasures
配套工程auxiliaryproject
国内配套资金domesticfunds
向基础工业倾斜的政策policyinfavorofbasicindustry
升级换代upgradingandupdating
看好经济增长thinkhighlyofeconomicgrowth
行情看好Favorableprice/marketcanbeexpected.
行情看涨/跌anticipatelowermarketprice/risingprice
随行就市fluctuateinlinewithmarketconditions
片面追求发展速度seekanundulyhighgrowthrate
在过渡时期inaperiodoftransition
粗放/集约经营extensive/intensiveoperation
基础地位leadingposition
门类齐全coveringextensivefields
存款/贷款余额thebalanceofdeposits/loans
外汇储备foreignexchangereserves
贸易顺差tradesurplus
完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-establishedmarketandsophisticatedfinancia
lsystem
消灭失业wipeoutunemployment
降低过热的期货市场,恢复金融秩序cooldowntheover-heatedfuturemarketand
restorefinancialorder
紧缩银根tightenthemoneysupply
一位数水平onedigitlevel
保持双边贸易的平衡balancethetwo-waytrade
这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。
Thismeetinglaida
soundfoundationforthetwocountriestoforgeenduring/lastingandconstant
/continuouseconomicties.
市场疲软amarketslump
库存积压overstockedproducts
国家指令性计划statemandatoryplanning
统一定价unifiedpricesetting
国家统配物资materialsallocatedbystate
货币发放theissueofcurrency
规范价格秩序standardizethepriceorder
简化流通环节,增加随机检查simplifycirculationandaddmorerandomchecks
市场机制开始发挥调节作用。
Themarketmechanismsarebeginningtoplaytheirregulatoryrole.
由于该暗补为明补,粮食购销同价。
Grainsarepurchasedandsoldbythesamepricebecausecoveredallowancesareturnedintoopenallowance.
导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。
Animportantfactor(contributingto/resultingin)substantialpricehikesliesinthegr
adualliftingofpricescontrolandthestructuraladjustmentofprices.