电机员面试机舱电器基本知识讲解.docx

电机员面试机舱电器基本知识讲解.docx

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电机员面试机舱电器基本知识讲解

BASICKNOWLEDGEOFENGINEROOMELECTRICALEQUIPMENT

SAFETYPRECAUTIONSDURINGELECTRICALMAINTENACE:

Giveasmanyprecautionsasyoucanindentify:

1.Makesurethepowerisoff,ifhavecontrolfuseremoveit;

2.Workareasshouldbewelllighted,andkeepworkingareaclear;

3.WaresafetyPPE,andpayattentionatthisworkatanytime;

4.Makesuretomakenoticelike“MANATWORK,DONOTOPERATE.”To

showotherPeoplethatsb.Isworking.

5.Toolsshouldbewillinsulation&goodcondition

6.Tocheckelectricalisolationchecklist.

MAINSWITCHBOARD

3.1.1ExplainbrieflysafetyincorporatedinMainSwitchboard:

-Handlesforopeningthedoorsonswitchboardcubiclesareusuallylinkedtoanisolatingswitch.Thisensuresthatsuppliestocomponentsinthecubicleareswitchedoffbeforethedooropened.

Fusedisolatorsareisolatingswitchesthatincorporatefuses.Theactionofopeningtheswitchisolatesthefusessothattheycanbereplacedsafety

EMERGENCYSWITCHBOARD

IndentifyallmachineriesfedfromEmergencypowersupplyinMSB:

-No.2steeringgear

-No.3E/Rfan

-No.1radar

-Bosunstorelightingtransformer

-EmergencyA/C110transformer

SafetyinterlockstorunEmergencygeneratorwhileMSBisalive:

-WhentheMSBisalive,toruntheemergencygeneratorthebustieswitchwillgiveasignalthattheE/Gcouldnotputonload.

-NVR

Power

AIRCIRCUITBREAKER

RoutineCheck,Maintenance&Interval:

-Avisualexaminationofcircuitbreakersinmain,emergencyandsectionboardswillusuallyprecedeoperationaltests.Thesurveyorwillparticularlychecktheconditionofmainarcingandauxiliarycontactsforsignsthewear,misalignmentandoverheating.Asimilarinspectionoffixedandmovingisolatorcontactsattherearofacircuitbreakerwillbemade.

Arcchutesmustbeclean,freeofarcdebrisandcorrectlyaligned.Allinternalwiringshouldbei

ExplainbrieflythetypeandworkingprincipleoftheDieselGeneratorson

board

-Thedieselgenerators’speedisaccuratelymanagedbyanelectronicfuelgovernor

whichmaintainsanalmostconstantoutputfrequencyoveritsloadrange

ALTERNATORS

Explainbrieflythetypeandworkingprincipleoftheshaftgeneratoronboard

-Apropulsion-shaftdrivengeneratorcanbeanefficientmethodforextractingelectricpowerfromtheship’smainengineasthepowerisderivedfromlowercostfuelthanthatusedforanauxiliarydrivengeneratorunit.Theshaftgeneratormaybefitteddirectlyin-linewiththeslowspeedpropulsionshaftor,morecommonly,isgear-drivenuptoahigherspeed.

Also,byusingashaftgeneratorasthemainsourceofelectricpowerduringlongseapassages,thedrivengeneratorunitsoperateforshortperiodsonlywithareducedmaintenancerequirement.

Anapparentdisadvantageofashaftgeneratoristhatithasnodirectfrequencycontrolasthisisdeterminedbythemainenginewhichissetfortheshipsfull-wayspeedrange.Themeansthatthefrequencymustbeseparatelyregulatedattheoutputoftheshaftgeneratortomaintainaconstant60HZtotheship’selectricpowerconsumers.

MOTORS

Detailedproceduresoncompleteoverhaul,withprecautions:

-Feeduptheelectricalisolationcertificate

Switchoffthepowerandremovethecontrolfuse,tomakesuretheoverhaulmotorpoweriscutoff.Andmakeanoticetomakesurethatoverhaultimenobodyoperatorit.

Disconnecttheconnectionandchecktheinsulation,afterthatremoverotorandcheckthebearingifthebearingnogoodtakeout.Cleanalltheequipmentsandchecktheinsulationofcoilside,andspringthevarnish,andputtheheatlamptodryitandchecktheinsulation.Afterdryupputbacktherotorandtowsidecover,checkthemotortomakethemotorisingoodcondition.Thenputbackthemotorintooriginalplaceandputbackthecontrolfuseandswitchonthepowerandtestrun.

INSULATIONMEASUREMENT

NecessityofInsulationcheckonequipments

-Onboardtheshipameasurementoftheinsulationresistancegivesoneofthebestguidestothestateofhealthofelectricalequipment.Theresistanceshouldbemeasuredbetweeninsulatedconductorsandearth,andbetweenconductors.

Values&EvaluationofReadings:

BestwhenNew

-100MΩ~500MΩ

Acceptableinservice

-1MΩ

Notacceptabletoputinservice

-Lessthan1MΩ

WhathappenifoperatedwithunacceptedlevelofInsulation?

-Itcanbedamagetheinstrumentorelectricalcontrol.

NecessityofInsulationcheckonCablesandlightfittings:

-Tomakesureanycablesshortcircuitorshortedtoearth.

WINDLESSANDWINCH

Safetyinterlocksincorporatedinstarterpanel,Providelogicdiagram

-Overloadinterlock

-Oilpressurehigh

-Oiltemperaturehigh

STEERINGGEARSYSTEM

Listoutvarioussafetyinterlocksincorporatedinsystem

-Overloadinterlock

-Phasefailinterlock

-Overcurrentrelay

-RudderMAX.anglelimitswitch

-HYD.Oillevelswitch.

PROVISIONCRANE

Checkbeforearrivalport,toensurecorrectoperation:

-Checkallthelimitswitchhanderfreeornot,checkallthelimitswitchisgoodworkingornot.

-Checktheremotecontroller

-Checkthecontrolpanel

-Checkthemotorsinsulation

GANGWAY&MOTOR

Checkbeforearrivalport,toensurecorrectoperation:

-Checkallthelimitswitchhanderfreeornot,checkallthelimitswitchisgoodworkingornot.

-Checktheremotecontroller

-Checkthecontrolpanel

-Checkthemotorsinsulation

Nameallsafetyinterlocksandtrips:

-Uplimitinterlock-Inlimitinterlock–emergencystop–Twosideschangeoverinterlock

-Overloadtrip

HEELINGANDBALLASTCONTROLPANEL

UnderstandHeelingandBallastControlsystemandassociatedcircuits-

Theheelingandballastcontrolpanelisintheshipoffice.Onthiscontrolpanelwecanoperatetheheelingandballastpumpmotortoincreaseordecreasethewaterintheballastwatertanktokeeptheshipstayinginbalanceduringchargingordischargingcargosinportorsailingatsea,andpumpoutthebilgeofthecargoholdsonboardifthebilgelevelwashigh,orthealarmsactivated.

Circuit:

UPSANDSTORAGEBATTERY

UPSoperationandchargingarrangement

-UPSisuseforsomeimportantsystem.WhenpowerbleakouttheUPSwillautomaticallygivesupplytothesesystem

-Therearethreetypeofcharge

1.normalcharge（normallychargeabove6hours）

2.Floatcharge（cancontinuouslycharge）

3.Tricklecharge（2~3hours）

Careandmaintenanceofstoragebattery

-Checktheliquidleveliflowtopupwithdistilledwater

-Testtheelectrolytebythehydrometershowinggreenthenokifshowingwhiteneedtorechargeifredthenneedcheckthebatterystatus

Nametheequipmentswherestoragebatteryisused

-Somealarmsystem

-GMDSS&Othernavigationequipment

Safetyprecautionrequirementinbatterystoragespace

-Wellvent.

-Preventexplodelight

-PreservePPE

-Emergencyeyewash

-Nonakedlight

GALLEYEQUIPMENTS

ListallelectricalequipmentsinstalledinGalley

-GalleyEXH.Fan

-Disposer

-Deepfatfryer

-Elec.Cookrange

-Electricgriddle

-Electricoven

-Ricecooker

-Dishwasher

Routinemaintenanceandinterval

-Galleyfanoverhaul

-Cookandcleansysteminsulationcheck

-Controlswitchcheck

-Mainpowerboxcircuitcheck

WASHINGMACHINEANDDRYERROOM

Routinemaintenanceandinterval

-Everydaycheckthedrymachinefitter,andcleanit.

-Monthlycheckthewashingmachineanddrymachineinsulation.Checkthemachinesvibrationandtakecareofanyabnormalnoisefromthemachine.

ENGINEROOMEQUIPMENTS

MGPS

ExplainfunctionandoperationofMGPS

-MGPSisdesignedtopreventthemarinegrowthsfromsettlinginthevitalcomponentsofvesselsuchascondenser,pipingorpumpbychlorinecompoundwhichisproducedwhentheseawateriselectrolyzed.

ELEVATOR

Understandvariousinterlocksonelevator

-Escapedooropen:

whenthedoorisopentheelevatorwillautomatictrip.

-Dooropen:

everydeckelevatordoorkeepopen,theelevatorwillstop.Likeweusespecialkeytoopenanydeckdoortheelevatorwillstopatthattime.

-Overload:

ifthemotoroverloadthebreakwilltrip.

-Weightoverlimit:

iftoomanypeopleinsidetheelevatororcarrytoomuchthingstheelevatorwillnotwork,keepstop.

-Uplimit:

iftheelevatorgoingupandcannotstopontopofthewellthereisalimitswitchtostopit.

-Downlimit:

likeuplimit.

-Overspeed:

iftheelevatorworkingandthespeedisoverlimitthentheelevatorwillstopautomatic.

STEERINGGARESYSTEM

Listoutvarioussafetyinterlocksincorporatedinsystem

-Overloadinterlock

-Phasefailinterlock

-Overcurrentrelay

-RudderMAX.anglelimitswitch

-HYD.Oillevelswitch.

PURIFIERS

Workingprincipleandassociatedcircuits

-ThepurifiersisthesystemforpurifythefueloilortheLUB.Oil.Beforeuse.Itseparatethesludgeandwaterfromtheoilbythespecificgravityfromthebowl.Thendischargethesludgeandwaterbytheoperatorwaterwithasettingtime.

ENGINEROOMCRANES

ListoutallinterlocksprovidedonE/RCranes

-Uplimit

–Downlimit

–Forwardlimit

-Aft.Limit

-Rightleftlimit

–Overloadtrip

-Emergencystop

AIRCONDITIONINGANDREFRIGERATIONMACHINY

Workingprincipleofairconditioningsystem

-Theairconditioningsystemworkingprinciplewecanseefromthefollowingdiagram（alltheimportantequipmentsalreadynamed）

-Withthecompressorstartthesuctiongasiscompressedtoahightemperatureandpressure.Thenthegasmovesintothewater-cooledcondensertoletthegastosaturationtemperature.Andthengothroughthereceiverandthefilter-drier（whichkeeptherefrigerantcleananddry）afterthatgothroughtheevaporator,beforegoinwiththeexpan