傻瓜威尔逊》中人物形象分析学位论文.docx

傻瓜威尔逊》中人物形象分析学位论文.docx

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傻瓜威尔逊》中人物形象分析学位论文

本科生毕业论文

题目AnalysisoftheCharactersin

Pudd’nheadWilson

《傻瓜威尔逊》中人物形象分析

学生姓名张文星

学号201107010124

专业班级英语11101班

指导教师冉力

完成时间2015年5月

AnalysisoftheCharactersinPudd’nheadWilson

THESIS

Submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfor

ThedegreeofBachelorofArts

InHunanUniversityofArtsandScience

ByZhangWenxing

Supervisor:

RanLi

May2015

HunanUniversityofArtsandScience

摘要

1894年出版的《傻瓜威尔逊》是马克吐温晚年反映美国奴隶文化的代表作之一,这部小说以美国南方奴隶制为背景，在19世纪的美国，种族歧视是一个独特且尖锐的话题，作者通过对小说人物的刻画，以其特有的讽刺，批判了当时美国社会根深蒂固的种族歧视政策和白人至上主义。

本文着重剖析了小说中的两个典型人物傻瓜威尔逊和女奴罗克西，在我看来，这看似不相关的两个人物有着深刻的文化联系，在种族歧视的社会背景下，这两个人物深刻反映了美国社会中极端对立的种族矛盾。

本文将通过罗克西娜和威尔逊两人的肖像，行为以及心理描写角度来分析，再现马克吐温以人道主义的立场,对残忍无情的奴隶制和僵化堕落的南方种族文化深刻而又尖锐的批判,更重要的是，反映出这部作品对后世的影响和深刻教训，即，唤起人们对于人权自由和平等的渴望和追求。

关键词：

威尔逊罗克西奴隶制种族歧视

Abstract

Pudd’nheadWilson,publishedin1894,isoneofMarkTwain’srepresentitiveworks,whichreflectAmericaslaveculture.ThenovelissetinAmericasouthernslavery.During19century,slaveandracialdiscriminationisaspecialandsharpsubjectinAmerica.Theauthorthroughthedepictionofcharacters,withitspeculiarirony,criticizestheAmericansocietyatthattimedeep-rootedracialdiscriminationpolicyandwhitesupremacist.ThispaperemphaticallyanalyzedtwotypicalcharactersofthenovelfoolWilsonandslaveRoxy.Inmyopinion,thisseeminglyunrelatedtwocharactershasaprofoundculturallinks,Underthesocialbackgroundofracialdiscrimination,thetwofiguresreflectstheoppositeextremesofracialconflictsinAmericansociety.ThisarticlewillanalyzeRoxyandWilsonfromthepointofviewoftheirportrait,behaviorandpsychologicalreproducingMarkTwain’sdeepandsharpcriticismtotheruthlesssouthernslaveryandrigidfallenracialcultureonhumanisticview.What’smore,Iwanttoreflecttheinfluenceofthisworkandprofoundlessonsforlatergenerations,thatis,evokingpeople’sdesireandpursuitofhumanrights,freedomandequlity.

Keywords：

Roxy;Wilson;Slavery;SouthernRacialDiscriminition

Contents

摘要i

Abstractii

Introduction1

Chapter1AnIntroductiontoMarkTwainandPudd’nheadWilson.2

1.1IntroductiontoMarkTwain2

1.2IntroductiontoPudd’nheadWilson2

Chapter2AnIntroductiontoCharacterAnalysis4

2.1TheWayofCharacterAnalysis4

2.2TheSignificanceofCharacterAnalysis4

Chapter3AnalysistoTheMainCharactersinPudd’nheadWilson5

3.1AnalysistoRoxy5

3.2AnalysistoWilson5

Conclusion6

Bibliography7

Acknowledgements

Introduction

马克·吐温的一系列以美国密西西比河流域文化为背景的小说中，《傻瓜威尔逊》并不是最具代表性的作品。

然而，书中罗克西娜这一人物形象以其独特的生理特征与文化意识引起了评论界的西方评论界的广泛关注。

在这个以奴隶制经济为基础的名叫道森兰丁的小镇里，奴隶首先是像猪狗一样有价值的商品，他们可以被主人自由的买卖。

被买卖的命运从一开始就笼罩在小说主人公罗克西娜和同伴们的生活之上，也正是由于惧怕被卖到河的下游去，罗克西娜才一手产生了调包的想法.作者通过对小说人物的刻画，以其特有的讽刺，批判了当时美国社会根深蒂固的种族歧视政策和白人至上主义.

Chapter1

AnIntroductiontoMarkTwainandPudd’nheadWilson.

1.1IntroductiontoMarkTwain

MarkTwain（pseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens,1835-1910）wasanAmericanwriter,journalistandhumorist,whowonaworldwideaudienceforhisstoriesoftheyouthfuladventuresofTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.Althoughhewasnotrich,hewasstillregardedasoneofthemostfamouspeoplebecauseofhisgreathumorousandwittyandfame.HewashonouredasLincolnofliteraryhistory.HelenKelleroncesaid,IlikeMarkTwain.Whodoesnotlikehim?

EvenGodloveshim,providehimwithwisdomandpaintarainbowofloveandbeliefinhisheart.WilliamFaulknersaidthatMarkTwainwasthefirstrealAmericanwritterandweallcometoinherithim.MarkTwainwasdiedin1910andburiedatElmira,NewYork.

MarkTwain,Americanfounderofcriticalrealism,theworldfamousshortstorymaster,wentthroughthedevelopmentprocessfromearlyAmericancapitalismtoimperialism,Thetoneofhisworksalsoturnedfrombrisktosarcasticandthentopessimistic.HewrotemanyworkswhichreflectedAmerica'ssocialphenomenon.MarkTwainestablishedamemorialmonumentinbothhistoryofAmericaliteratureandhistoryoftheworld.Asagreatspiritualwealthofmankind,hisworkswillbespreadedonearthforever.

1.2IntroductiontoPudd’nheadWilson

"Pudd’nheadWilson"iswrittenbyMarkTwainin1893.Ittellsabizarrestorymadebyman.FemaleblackslaveRoxyonlyhassixteenthblackancestry,hersonhasonlyoneoverthirty-twoblackdescent.Althoughtheskinofhersonisassameasthewhiteman,hestillwillbetreatedasslavesforhiswholelife.SoRoxyplaysashrewdtrick.Shechangesherownson,Toms,leepingincradleandThomas`aBecket,thewhiterace,thesonofDriscoll.Asaresult,thetwowrong-identitiedchildrengrowupindifferentenvironmentnotbelongingthem.Duringthelaterlong23years,Roxy’ssonbecomesyoungmasterofthehousewhiletherealmasterbecomesblackslave.Tomgrowsupinasuperiorenvironment,unlearned,alsopickupabadhabitofgambling.Topayhisdebts,hedressesasagirlinthetowntosteale.Finally,heisdiscoveredwhenhestealshisuncle’smoney.Hekilledhisuncleandfleesatnight.Atthelastminuteofthetrial,Wilsonfindthetruthbyfingerprint.Thetwochildrendon’tgobacktotheirownpositionuntilWilsondistinguishthemwithuniquedactylography.

ThestyletheworktellingthestorycontinuetheAmericanhumorpatternofMarkTwainanditalsohasadistinctiveideologicalsignificanceofcriticizingsouthernracialandcultural-discrimination.Hesharplycriticizedthecruelandsavageslavary.

Chapter2

AnAnalysisofMainCharactersinPudd’nheadWilson

2.1ThePortraitAnalysisofRoxyandWilson

Atthebeginingchapterofthebook,MarkTwainusesmanywordstodescribeRoxy.FromRoxy'smannerofspeech,astrangerwouldhaveexpectedhertobeblack,butshewasnot.Onlyonesixteenthofherwasblack,andthatsixteenthdidnotshow.Shewasofmajesticformandstature,herattitudeswereimposingandstatuesque,andhergesturesandmovementsdistinguishedbyanobleandstatelygrace.Hercomplexionwasveryfair,withtherosyglowofvigoroushealthinhercheeks,herfacewasfullofcharacterandexpression,hereyeswerebrownandliquid,andshehadaheavysuitoffinesofthairwhichwasalsobrown,butthefactwasnotapparentbecauseherheadwasboundaboutwithacheckeredhandkerchiefandthehairwasconcealedunderit.Herfacewasshapely,intelligent,andcomely--evenbeautiful.Shehadaneasy,independentcarriage--whenshewasamongherowncaste--andahighand"sassy"way,withal;butofcourseshewasmeekandhumbleenoughwherewhitepeoplewere.

Fromthefirstsentence,FromRoxy'smannerofspeech,astrangerwouldhaveexpectedhertobeblack,wecangettheinformationthattheauthorsuggeststhedifferencebetweenblackandwhite.Toneofvoice.Howeveronlysixteenthofherwasblack,andthatsixteenthdidnotshow.What’smore,withlaterwordsaboutRoxy,weknowthatRoxyisassameaswhitepeopleexcepthertoneofvoiceandheisixteenthblacklineageevensheismorebeautifulthanothers.Asaverytypical,slavesofoppressionbywhiteculture.Herlifeisfullofcontradictions.Sheisalwaysinanatural"identitycrisis".Shelooksdifferentwiththewhite,butshewasbornaslave.Herskiniswhitebutherwordsarevulgar;shehasthicksofthairbutwearsthehumbleclothes;Sheisverydeferentialtowhitemastersbutverybossytothoseblackworkers.Inotherwords,Roxy,asablackpeople,agreeswithandalsoaccepttheracialattitudesandslavery.Sheagreesthatthestatusofwhitepeopleisnaturallyhigherthanblack.Sosadsheis.

However,asawomanslave,shehasanattractiveappearance.Itisdoomedthatsheisnotonlyaslavewitheconomicvaluebutalsoatoolavailableforwhitemastertoventtheirsexualdesire.ThenovelimplystoreaderswhenrefertoTomthatsheonceistheplaythingofaanotherprominentnoblerace.Unfortunately,thewhitemasterwhomakeshertobepregnantisonlyinterestedinherbody.AlsothisnoveldarklyimplysthatRoxybecomesthefocusedtargetofhernewmasterwhensheissolddowntheriver.Andthenthehostessretaliatesherunscrupulouslynearlykilledher.Thusitcanbeseen,whatherprettyappearancetakesherisjustastringofmisfortune.Sincethatsheisaslave.Meanwhile,wecangetthatundertheslaverysocalbackground,slaveshavenoanystatus.Theyaretreatedwithoutdignity,justlikedogs.Theauthor,withitspeculiarirony,criticizestheAmericansocietyatthattimedeep-rootedracialdiscriminationpolicy,whitesupremacistandslavery.

2.2TheBehaviorAnalysisofRoxyandWilson

Inordertodistinguish herselfand those blackslavesslightly,Roxygoestochurchlikewhitepeopleandstressesrepeatedlyinfrontofhersonthathisfatherhavethesamenoblelineagewiththejudge.Thusitcanbeseen,intheverybottomofherheart,Roxyfeelsdeeplyfearabouttheterribleslavesocietysystem.Butontheotherhand,sheattachesherselftoitwillingly.ThisisthemostsadplaceforRoxyasaslavery.

毫无疑问，作为奴隶的罗克西娜对于左右她命运的社会规范几乎达到了俯首帖耳的地步。

她迷恋血统的高贵，敌视奴隶的卑贱，对于生活的苦难逆来顺受，甚至于企图以自杀的方式结束自己的生命，对赐予她人身自由的主人感激涕零。

一言以蔽之，她认为自己像猪狗一样的活着是完全合情合理的，因为她生来就是“奴隶”。

小说中换子一幕极为鲜明地表现了社会权力对罗克西娜行为意识的决定性作用:

在刚刚换完小孩之后,罗克西娜惊讶地发现,/那种使她对小主人说话恭敬、态度顺从的畏惧心竟然那么又肯定又自然地转移到冒牌少爷的身上去了,还有,那种做母亲的草率的语气和粗鲁的态度,也同样迅速地转移到这位真正的继承人身上了0（P25）。

连罗克西娜本人都无法相信,她自己作为母亲的天性为何在一瞬间就完全被对主人的畏惧和服从取代了）））她的生理本能被社会强权彻底地压制了。

由此可见,在这样一个畸形变态的南方农奴制社会,决定一个人地位与命运的是他所表征的/社会符号0,而不是其真正的自我。

因此,/汤姆0吃着精细的食物,集千般宠爱于一身,接受耶鲁大学的教育,虽然身体羸弱生性怯懦,却是一个/不折不扣0的主子;/钱伯斯0吃着杂食长大,被卖到河下游去的可能性始终伴随着他,虽然身形健硕勇敢过人,却是一个让主子殴打出气的贱奴。

吐温借助于离奇的调包故事,充分表明/在道森兰丁这一小镇,社会地位完全是由个人的血统决定的,与人的自我实现毫无关系,因为个人没有自由选择的权利0»。

2.3ThePsychoanalysisofRoxyandWilson

当然,最可悲的还在于种族歧视的偏见不仅盛行于白人社会,而且也毒害了黑人的心灵本身.小说中写道,/无论从想法还是动机