轮机英语听力与会话试题解答.docx
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轮机英语听力与会话试题解答
全国海船船员适任证书国家统考
轮机英语听力与会话试题解答
(适用无限航区750KW及以上船舶三管轮)
陆宝成编
航海学院轮机教研室
2010年3月1日
第一部分轮机英语听力与会话试题解答
第一章公共英语
五、口述题答案
1.Thepositionoftheengineroomonboardisusuallyattheaftpartoftheship.Therearealotoftypesofmarinemachinery.Thedieselengineforpropulsioniscalledthemainengine.Othervariousmachinesarecalledauxiliarymachinery.Thesemachinesarerequiredforsteering,cargohandling,powergenerationandsoon.Thefeatureofmarinemachineryintheengineroomisthatithasawidevariety.
2.Theenginedepartmentonboardisveryimportant.Withoutit,ashipcannotsailatseanordoanythingelse.Thepersonneloftheenginedepartmentincludefourengineersandseveralratings.Thechiefengineeristheheadoftheenginedepartment.Theworkintheenginedepartmentisrelatedtomachinesandequipment.Itistocontrolmachinesandsystemsandtokeepthemingoodorder.
3.I’manengineerofsea-goingships.IgraduatedfromBinzhoupolytechniccollege.Ihavebeenaseamanforthreeyears.AndIhaveworkedasathirdengineerforoneyear.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.I’msingleandlookingforanicegirltomarry.
4.Mypositiononboardisthefourthengineer.Oneofmyshiftsisfrom0800hoursto1200hours.Theothershiftisfrom2000hoursto2400hours.I’minchargeoftheboiler,incinerator,oilywaterseparatorandotherequipmentonboard.Ihaveworkedasafourthengineerforoneyear.AndIhaveworkedonvariouskindsofcargoships,(suchasbulkcarriers,containerships,generalcargoships,tankers,andsoon.)
5.Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.Forexample,afourthengineerworksfrom0800hoursto1200hours.Healsoworksfrom2000hoursto2400hours.Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.Ifanythinggoeswrong,hehastodealwithitorreportittothechiefengineer.Attheendofthewatch,heisgoingtohandovertheshift.Thethirdengineerwillgoonthenextshift.
6.I’mgladtointroducemyself.Mynameis_____.I’m____yearsold.IgraduatedfromBinzhoupolytechniccollege.Ihaven’tgotanyeducationaldegree.NowI’mafouthengineeronboard.Ilovemyjob.
六、问答题答案
1.Ihaveworkedonboardforthreeyears.
2.NowIhaveafourthengineer’scertificate.
3.I’msingle.Therearethreedepartmentsonboard.
4.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.No,I’msingle.
5.I’vebeentotencountries.
6.Ibegantoworkonboardin2009.Ihaveworkedonvariouskindsofcargoships,(suchasbulkcarriers,containerships,generalcargoships,tankers,etc.)
7.Therearetwoimportantcanalsallovertheworld.TheyarePanamaCanalandSuezCanal.
8.Yes,ofcourse.Themostimportantthingforaseafarerissafety.
9.IhaveworkedonmainengineSULZERRTA58andgeneratorengineB&WL23/30.
10.OurshipisregisteredwithCCS(LR,BV,ABS,andDNV).
11.No,Ihavenotworkedonanyshipwithdamageincriticalequipment.
12.Imakeourmaintenanceschedulesaccordingtotherulesandequipmentsituations.
13.Yes,ofcourse.TheinternationalconventionsconcerningmarineshippingincludeSOLAS,STCW,MARPOL,andsoon.
14.Yes,ofcourse.TheusagesoftheSTCWconventionareinseafarers’training,certificationandwatchkeeping.
15.ThepurposeofClassificationSocietyistocarryoutsurveysinaccordancewiththerulesandregulationsforthesafetyofships.SomeofthemareCCS,LR,BVandABS.
16.Yes,ofcourse.Differentkindsofships’surveysincludeinitialsurvey,annualsurvey,intermediatesurvey,andspecialsurvey.
17.UMSstandsforunattendedmachineryspace.Ihaven’tservedanyUMS.
18.Yes,IhaveexperiencedPSCinspection.ThelastinspectionIexperiencedwasintheportofosakain2009.
19.Intheoverhaulofacylinder,weshouldpayattentiontosafetyprecautionsandthemanufacturers’instructions.
20.Beforeenteringanenclosedspacesuchasaballasttank,Iwillchecktheoxygencontentinitfirst.
21.Theminimumsafeoxygenpercentageforthesafetyoftheworkersinanenclosedspaceis18percent.
第二章机舱日常业务
四、口述
1.Thedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineenginearemainlyasfollows:
Thedieselengineusesdieseloilasfuelbutthegasolineengineusesgasoline.Duringthesuctionstroke,thedieselengineadmitsaironly,butthegasolineengineadmitsacombustiblemixtureofairandgasoline.Aftercompression,afinesprayoffuelinjectedintothedieselenginecylinderisignitedbytheheatinthecylinder.Agasolineengineneedssparkplugstoignitethecombustiblemixtureinthecylinder.Thecompressionratioofadieselengineishigherthanthatofagasolineengine.Soadieselengineisbiggerthanagasolineengine.
2.IwillintroducetheengineroomtoXiaoWanginthisway:
Thisistheeconomizer,standingjustinfrontofthedoor.Downthestaircase,thereisaboiler.Goingdownsomemore,youwillfindapassageleadingtothesteeringgearroom.Movingdownanotherflightofstairs,youwillcometothelevelofmainenginecylinderheads.Upfromthere,therearedieselgenerators.Thefreshwatergeneratorisalsoonthesamelevel.AndtherearealotofothermachinesformetointroducetoXiaoWang.
3.Iwillintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroominthisway:
Therearehundredsofmachinesintheengineroom.Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom.Itsuppliespowerforthevessel’spropulsion.Boilersareusedforproducingsteam.Afreshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater.Anaircompressoristosupplycompressedair.Steeringgearsareforthecontroloftheship’scourse.
4.Iwillsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.Themaindieselengineiswithathrustshaftasanintegralpart.Thethrustshaftisboltedtoanintermediateshaft.Theintermediateshaftissupportedbyintermediatetunnelbearings.Thesterntubebearingsupportsthetailshaftandpartofthepropellerweight.Sterntubesealsarefittedattheoutboardandinboardendsofthetailshaft.
5.Medium-andhigh-speeddieselenginescanbearrangedassingle-enginepropulsion.Buttheyareprobablyarrangedastwo-,eventhree-orfour-enginepropulsion.Theillustrationshowsakindoffourenginepropulsion.Theseenginesareconnectedwithareductiongear.Throughthereductiongear,thepropellingspeedisreducedandthetorqueisincreased.Oneoftheadvantagesofthisarrangementisthatcompactsystemscanbeused.
6.Thisisanillustrationofthestructureofamainengine.Inthepicture,Part1andPart3formthecrankcase.Part2isthemainbearinghousing.Part10isthecrankshaft.Part8istheconnectingrod.TheconnectingrodisconnectedwithPart6,thepiston,throughPart7,thepistonpin.ThepistonismovinginPart4,thecylinderliner.Therearealotofotherpartsinthepicture.
7.Thispictureillustratesthestressstatusofthemovingpartsofanengine.Themovingpartsarestressedbytwomajorforces.Oneisthecompressiveforcefromthegasinthecylinder.Theotheristheinertiaforceofthemovingparts.TheresultantforceofthetwocanbedividedintoForceNandForceS.ForceScompressesorstretchestheconnectingrod.AnditcanbefurtherdividedintoForceTandForceK.ForceKexertsabendingstressonthecrankshaft.
8.Thispictureillustratestheshapeofapistonhead.Therearefourpistonringgroovesinthehead.Thetopofthepistonheadisconcave,likeabowl.Thisshapeisfavourableforthemixingoffuelandair.Itisalsoforthefreeexpansionoftheheadafterbeingheated.Thetypeofthispistonisprobablyacrossheadtype.
9.Thispictureillustratesvarioustypesofpistonrings.Thefirstoneinthepictureisthesectionofastraight-flankedring.Thesecondoneisadiagonalcutpistonring.Thethirdoneisakindofpistonringwithoneinner-sidechamfer.Theshapeofthefourthoneisladder-shaped.Andthefifthoneiswithanovalshapeattheouterside.
10.Therearetwodifferentlubricatingmodesforthemainengine.Oneisforlubricationofthecylinders.Theotherisforbearinglubrication.Themethodofapplyingoiltothecylinderwallsisusuallybysmallpumps,knownasmechanicallubricators.Andtheoilsuppliedisinsmallquantities.Buttheusualmethodofbearinglubricationisbyforcedfeedsystem.Itprovidesacopioussupplyofoiltoallbearings.
11.Thebasicworkingprincipleofpurifiersiscentrifugingseparation.Inapurifier,thereareseparationdiscsandouterperipherywithaseriesofholes.Whenfueloilispumpedintoit,thecentrifugalforcecauseswatertobeforcedtotheouterperiphery.Acylindricalinterfaceisformedbetweenthewaterandoil.Theoilisforcedinwardanduptothecleanoiloutlet.Bythisway,apurifiercanremovewaterfromfueloil.
12.Theoilywaterseparatorisfirstfilledwithcleanwater.Theoilywatermixtureisthenpumpedintothecoarseseparatingdepartment.Heresomeoilwillseparateandriseintotheoilcollectionspace.Theremainingmixturenowflowsdownintothefineseparatingcompartment.Moreoilwillseparateout.Thealmostoil-freewaterpassesintothecentralpipeandleavestheseparatorunit.
13.Anti-pollutionequipmentisnecessaryespeciallyforocean-goingships.Theequipmentincludestheoilywaterseparator,theincineratorandthesewagetreatingsystem.Thesedevicesperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionfromshipstothesea.Weshouldtakegreatcareofthem.WeshouldensurethattheyallmeettherequirementsoftheMARPOLConvention.
14.Theballastsystemisusedtobringtheship’sdraftsintoaseaworthycondition.Itallowswatertobedrawnfromanytankorthesea.Anditallowsthewatertobedischargedtoanyothertankorthesea.Bythisway,itcantrimthevesselasrequired.Combine