轮机英语听力与会话试题解答.docx

轮机英语听力与会话试题解答.docx

《轮机英语听力与会话试题解答.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《轮机英语听力与会话试题解答.docx（36页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

轮机英语听力与会话试题解答

全国海船船员适任证书国家统考

轮机英语听力与会话试题解答

（适用无限航区750KW及以上船舶三管轮）

陆宝成编

航海学院轮机教研室

2010年3月1日

第一部分轮机英语听力与会话试题解答

第一章公共英语

五、口述题答案

1.Thepositionoftheengineroomonboardisusuallyattheaftpartoftheship.Therearealotoftypesofmarinemachinery.Thedieselengineforpropulsioniscalledthemainengine.Othervariousmachinesarecalledauxiliarymachinery.Thesemachinesarerequiredforsteering,cargohandling,powergenerationandsoon.Thefeatureofmarinemachineryintheengineroomisthatithasawidevariety.

2.Theenginedepartmentonboardisveryimportant.Withoutit,ashipcannotsailatseanordoanythingelse.Thepersonneloftheenginedepartmentincludefourengineersandseveralratings.Thechiefengineeristheheadoftheenginedepartment.Theworkintheenginedepartmentisrelatedtomachinesandequipment.Itistocontrolmachinesandsystemsandtokeepthemingoodorder.

3.I’manengineerofsea-goingships.IgraduatedfromBinzhoupolytechniccollege.Ihavebeenaseamanforthreeyears.AndIhaveworkedasathirdengineerforoneyear.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.I’msingleandlookingforanicegirltomarry.

4.Mypositiononboardisthefourthengineer.Oneofmyshiftsisfrom0800hoursto1200hours.Theothershiftisfrom2000hoursto2400hours.I’minchargeoftheboiler,incinerator,oilywaterseparatorandotherequipmentonboard.Ihaveworkedasafourthengineerforoneyear.AndIhaveworkedonvariouskindsofcargoships,（suchasbulkcarriers,containerships,generalcargoships,tankers,andsoon.）

5.Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.Forexample,afourthengineerworksfrom0800hoursto1200hours.Healsoworksfrom2000hoursto2400hours.Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.Ifanythinggoeswrong,hehastodealwithitorreportittothechiefengineer.Attheendofthewatch,heisgoingtohandovertheshift.Thethirdengineerwillgoonthenextshift.

6.I’mgladtointroducemyself.Mynameis_____.I’m____yearsold.IgraduatedfromBinzhoupolytechniccollege.Ihaven’tgotanyeducationaldegree.NowI’mafouthengineeronboard.Ilovemyjob.

六、问答题答案

1.Ihaveworkedonboardforthreeyears.

2.NowIhaveafourthengineer’scertificate.

3.I’msingle.Therearethreedepartmentsonboard.

4.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.No,I’msingle.

5.I’vebeentotencountries.

6.Ibegantoworkonboardin2009.Ihaveworkedonvariouskindsofcargoships,（suchasbulkcarriers,containerships,generalcargoships,tankers,etc.）

7.Therearetwoimportantcanalsallovertheworld.TheyarePanamaCanalandSuezCanal.

8.Yes,ofcourse.Themostimportantthingforaseafarerissafety.

9.IhaveworkedonmainengineSULZERRTA58andgeneratorengineB&WL23/30.

10.OurshipisregisteredwithCCS（LR,BV,ABS,andDNV）.

11.No,Ihavenotworkedonanyshipwithdamageincriticalequipment.

12.Imakeourmaintenanceschedulesaccordingtotherulesandequipmentsituations.

13.Yes,ofcourse.TheinternationalconventionsconcerningmarineshippingincludeSOLAS,STCW,MARPOL,andsoon.

14.Yes,ofcourse.TheusagesoftheSTCWconventionareinseafarers’training,certificationandwatchkeeping.

15.ThepurposeofClassificationSocietyistocarryoutsurveysinaccordancewiththerulesandregulationsforthesafetyofships.SomeofthemareCCS,LR,BVandABS.

16.Yes,ofcourse.Differentkindsofships’surveysincludeinitialsurvey,annualsurvey,intermediatesurvey,andspecialsurvey.

17.UMSstandsforunattendedmachineryspace.Ihaven’tservedanyUMS.

18.Yes,IhaveexperiencedPSCinspection.ThelastinspectionIexperiencedwasintheportofosakain2009.

19.Intheoverhaulofacylinder,weshouldpayattentiontosafetyprecautionsandthemanufacturers’instructions.

20.Beforeenteringanenclosedspacesuchasaballasttank,Iwillchecktheoxygencontentinitfirst.

21.Theminimumsafeoxygenpercentageforthesafetyoftheworkersinanenclosedspaceis18percent.

第二章机舱日常业务

四、口述

1.Thedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineenginearemainlyasfollows:

Thedieselengineusesdieseloilasfuelbutthegasolineengineusesgasoline.Duringthesuctionstroke,thedieselengineadmitsaironly,butthegasolineengineadmitsacombustiblemixtureofairandgasoline.Aftercompression,afinesprayoffuelinjectedintothedieselenginecylinderisignitedbytheheatinthecylinder.Agasolineengineneedssparkplugstoignitethecombustiblemixtureinthecylinder.Thecompressionratioofadieselengineishigherthanthatofagasolineengine.Soadieselengineisbiggerthanagasolineengine.

2.IwillintroducetheengineroomtoXiaoWanginthisway:

Thisistheeconomizer,standingjustinfrontofthedoor.Downthestaircase,thereisaboiler.Goingdownsomemore,youwillfindapassageleadingtothesteeringgearroom.Movingdownanotherflightofstairs,youwillcometothelevelofmainenginecylinderheads.Upfromthere,therearedieselgenerators.Thefreshwatergeneratorisalsoonthesamelevel.AndtherearealotofothermachinesformetointroducetoXiaoWang.

3.Iwillintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroominthisway:

Therearehundredsofmachinesintheengineroom.Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom.Itsuppliespowerforthevessel’spropulsion.Boilersareusedforproducingsteam.Afreshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater.Anaircompressoristosupplycompressedair.Steeringgearsareforthecontroloftheship’scourse.

4.Iwillsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.Themaindieselengineiswithathrustshaftasanintegralpart.Thethrustshaftisboltedtoanintermediateshaft.Theintermediateshaftissupportedbyintermediatetunnelbearings.Thesterntubebearingsupportsthetailshaftandpartofthepropellerweight.Sterntubesealsarefittedattheoutboardandinboardendsofthetailshaft.

5.Medium-andhigh-speeddieselenginescanbearrangedassingle-enginepropulsion.Buttheyareprobablyarrangedastwo-,eventhree-orfour-enginepropulsion.Theillustrationshowsakindoffourenginepropulsion.Theseenginesareconnectedwithareductiongear.Throughthereductiongear,thepropellingspeedisreducedandthetorqueisincreased.Oneoftheadvantagesofthisarrangementisthatcompactsystemscanbeused.

6.Thisisanillustrationofthestructureofamainengine.Inthepicture,Part1andPart3formthecrankcase.Part2isthemainbearinghousing.Part10isthecrankshaft.Part8istheconnectingrod.TheconnectingrodisconnectedwithPart6,thepiston,throughPart7,thepistonpin.ThepistonismovinginPart4,thecylinderliner.Therearealotofotherpartsinthepicture.

7.Thispictureillustratesthestressstatusofthemovingpartsofanengine.Themovingpartsarestressedbytwomajorforces.Oneisthecompressiveforcefromthegasinthecylinder.Theotheristheinertiaforceofthemovingparts.TheresultantforceofthetwocanbedividedintoForceNandForceS.ForceScompressesorstretchestheconnectingrod.AnditcanbefurtherdividedintoForceTandForceK.ForceKexertsabendingstressonthecrankshaft.

8.Thispictureillustratestheshapeofapistonhead.Therearefourpistonringgroovesinthehead.Thetopofthepistonheadisconcave,likeabowl.Thisshapeisfavourableforthemixingoffuelandair.Itisalsoforthefreeexpansionoftheheadafterbeingheated.Thetypeofthispistonisprobablyacrossheadtype.

9.Thispictureillustratesvarioustypesofpistonrings.Thefirstoneinthepictureisthesectionofastraight-flankedring.Thesecondoneisadiagonalcutpistonring.Thethirdoneisakindofpistonringwithoneinner-sidechamfer.Theshapeofthefourthoneisladder-shaped.Andthefifthoneiswithanovalshapeattheouterside.

10.Therearetwodifferentlubricatingmodesforthemainengine.Oneisforlubricationofthecylinders.Theotherisforbearinglubrication.Themethodofapplyingoiltothecylinderwallsisusuallybysmallpumps,knownasmechanicallubricators.Andtheoilsuppliedisinsmallquantities.Buttheusualmethodofbearinglubricationisbyforcedfeedsystem.Itprovidesacopioussupplyofoiltoallbearings.

11.Thebasicworkingprincipleofpurifiersiscentrifugingseparation.Inapurifier,thereareseparationdiscsandouterperipherywithaseriesofholes.Whenfueloilispumpedintoit,thecentrifugalforcecauseswatertobeforcedtotheouterperiphery.Acylindricalinterfaceisformedbetweenthewaterandoil.Theoilisforcedinwardanduptothecleanoiloutlet.Bythisway,apurifiercanremovewaterfromfueloil.

12.Theoilywaterseparatorisfirstfilledwithcleanwater.Theoilywatermixtureisthenpumpedintothecoarseseparatingdepartment.Heresomeoilwillseparateandriseintotheoilcollectionspace.Theremainingmixturenowflowsdownintothefineseparatingcompartment.Moreoilwillseparateout.Thealmostoil-freewaterpassesintothecentralpipeandleavestheseparatorunit.

13.Anti-pollutionequipmentisnecessaryespeciallyforocean-goingships.Theequipmentincludestheoilywaterseparator,theincineratorandthesewagetreatingsystem.Thesedevicesperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionfromshipstothesea.Weshouldtakegreatcareofthem.WeshouldensurethattheyallmeettherequirementsoftheMARPOLConvention.

14.Theballastsystemisusedtobringtheship’sdraftsintoaseaworthycondition.Itallowswatertobedrawnfromanytankorthesea.Anditallowsthewatertobedischargedtoanyothertankorthesea.Bythisway,itcantrimthevesselasrequired.Combine