年高考第一轮复习语法专题之名词性从句.docx
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年高考第一轮复习语法专题之名词性从句
名词性从句
【互动导学】
【知识梳理】
在复合句中起词名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此,名词性从句可分为、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
1)连接代词:
who,whose,whom,what,which有词义,在从句中必须充当句子成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。
2)连接副词:
when,where,why,how有词义,在从句中必须充当成分,只能作状语。
3)连接词:
that,whether,if,asif
that无词义,在从句中不充当成分,做宾语时可省略;
if,whether,asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:
连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问词,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。
连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
4)连接代词:
whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever
5)语序
名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同,即“主语+谓语”。
【导学】一:
主语从句:
在复合句中其语法作用是主语的句中,叫主语从句。
【知识点】1:
主语从句位于句首
e.g.
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.(注意:
不能把whether改为if,因为if不能引导主语从句)
(3)Whateveryoudidisright.
(4)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whichofthetwoisbetterremainstobeseen.
(7)Whenwewillstarttheworkisimportant.
【知识点】2:
为了避免句子头重脚轻,用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.
(1)Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisapitythatwewon'tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(4)Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
【知识点】3:
it作形式主语的主语从句
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
这分四种情况:
(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it替代主语从句:
Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是……;Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息;
Itisaquestionthat………是个问题;Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识
类似的名词还有:
apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等。
Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.
Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.
ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.
Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnecessarythat…有必要……;Itisclearthat…很清楚……;
Itislikelythat…很可能……;Itisimportantthat…重要的是……
类似的形容词还有:
strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;unusual;certain;evident;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.
Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.
Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.
Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.
需要注意的是这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为“(should)+动词原形”,即要用虚拟语气。
Itis+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat…据说……;Itisreportedthat…据报道……;
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……;Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有:
known;expected;believed;thought;hoped;required;suggested;demanded;etc.
例如:
Itissaidthathonestyisthebestpolicy.
Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.
Itisreportedthatover300millionpeopleinChinaaresufferingfromnear-sightedness.
Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.
【我爱展示】高考题链接:
1.Itneveroccurredtome___youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(陕西高考)
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if
2.It'sobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(天津卷)
A.asB.thatC.whichD.whether
3.________somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplugbymanyothers.(北京)
A.Whether B.What C.That D.How
4.Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(浙江)
A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether
【导学】二:
表语从句:
在复合句中作表语的完整句子,位于be动词或系动词之后,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
e.g.
(1)Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
(2)Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.
(3)ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.
(4)Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.
(5)Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.
(6)Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.(注意:
不能把whether改为if,因为if不能引导表语从句)
(7)Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether,asif,who,what,which,when,where,how,why等,注意:
表语从句中的连词that不可以省略;连词if一般不用来引导表语从句。
【导学】三:
同位语从句:
在复合句中作某一抽象名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后。
(如:
promise,message,doubt,belief,reason,possibility,conclusion,thought,order,question,problem,report,rumor,hope,truth,news,fact,idea,suggestion,evidence等)
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
I'vecometotheconclusionthatitwon'tbewisetodoso.
有时为了保持句子的平衡,同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。
Therumorspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.
1)英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词what,who,that,whether等,连接副词how,when,where等。
(注:
if不能引导同位语从句。
)
2)连词that引导同位语从句,不能省,且在从句中没有任何意义,不充当任何成分。
Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.
3)连词whether引导同位语从句
Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.(注:
if不能引导同位语从句)
4)连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which引导同位语从句
1)Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.
2)Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest—it’samatterofpersonaltaste.
3)Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.
5)连接副词when,where,how,why引导同位语从句
Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.
Ihavenoideawhentheywillcome.
【我爱展示】
1.【2015安徽】25.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot______shipsarebuiltfor.
A.whatB.whomC.whyD.when
2.【2015福建】29.—1wonder______Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.
—Byworkingouteveryday.
A.whereB.howC.whyD.if
3.【2015江苏】25._____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.
A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How
4.【2015陕西】19.Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how
5.【2015重庆】WemustfindoutKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.why
6.【2015四川】8.Theexhibitiontellsusweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.
A.whereB.whyC.whatD.which
7.【2015北京】33.Itrulybelieve______beautycomesfromwithin.
A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why
8.【2015北京】35._____weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.
A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.When
【导学】四:
宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类
【知识点】1:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
→由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
【知识点】2:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
→由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
【知识点】3:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
→由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”,在句中不充当任何成分,不能省略。
Whether/if有时与or连用,whether有时与or(not)连用,例如:
Sheaskedwhetheryouwantedthisoneorthatone.
【知识点】4:
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.
Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.
【知识点】5:
宾语从句的时态
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
Pleasetelluswhereheis.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
→如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
→如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
→如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
【我爱展示】
1.Hedoesn’tknow_________youareChinese.
2.Idon’tknow______________youliketheplanornot.
3.Hesaid_________hisfatherwasanengineer.
4.Iknow_____heiswritinganovel.
5.Hesaidthathisfather__________________(come)toseehim.
6.Hesaidthathisfather_______________(check)themachine.
7.Hesaidthattheearth_______________(travel)aroundthesun.
8.Theteacherasked__________hewaslate.
【知识点】6:
宾语从句的几点补充
1.引导的宾语从句的what有时理解为“所……的”,例如:
Showmewhatyoubought.
2.除了“主谓宾”句型可用宾语从句外,用宾语从句充当“主谓宾宾”句型中的直接宾语的情况也很多。
例如:
Myfathertoldmethatthelighttravelsmuchfasterthanthesound.
Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.
3.”主谓宾补“句型及其它一些特殊句型的宾语从句可以用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语-宾语从句放在最后。
Hehasn’tmakeitclearthatwhenheiscomingback.
4.宾语从句可作形容词、介词宾语,例如
Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.
Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.
【我爱展示】
1.I’msure____________hewillcome.
2.Idon’tknow__________hewillcomeornot.
3.Hehastoldme________hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.
4.Canyoutellme_______exerciseistheeasiest.
5.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__________itis.
【导学】五:
同位语从句与定语从句
1.Thefact_________wetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(从句)
Thefact____________hefailedtheexamupsetus.(从句)
2.Thequestion__________hewillgothisSundayisnotclear.(从句)
Thequestion__________heraisedpuzzledhisteacher.(从句)
3.Iwillkeepthepromise___________Imadetwoyearsago.(从句)
Imadeapromise_________IwillwritetoyouthemomentIgettoBeijing.(从句)
→1.定语从句是形容词从句,其句法功能相当于一个形容词,与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况;同位语从句是名词性从句,其作用相当于一个名词,与前面的名词是同位关系,是对前面的名词作进一步解释,即说明它前面名词的内容。
2.定语从句的先行词是各类名词,而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,possibility等少数抽象名词。
因此,引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。
可以引导定语从句的连接词有that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why等。
可以引导同位语从句的连接词有that,whether,when,where,how等。
3.定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。
4.引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去,而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。
【我爱展示】
1.合并句子
(1)Sheexpressedthehope.ThehopewasthatshewouldgoonatourofGuangzhouagain.
Sheexpressedthehope____________________________________________________.
(2)Thequestioniswhocaughtsightoftheaccidentthen.Wewanttoknowth