英语语法基本知识时态.docx
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英语语法基本知识时态
英语的时态问题
英语的时态可以分为:
“时”(time)和“体”(aspect)(又称为态)。
时是指动作发生的时间,体是指动作发生时的状态。
时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴,它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空,也构成了英语动词的时态问题。
时间分为:
过去,现在,将来,过去将来
体分为:
一般(在某个时间点),
进行(延续某个时间段),
完成(完成某个时间段)
完成进行(延续某个完成的时间段)
如此以来,英语中就有16种时态变化,现在就用动词为write例,看看它们的形式。
注意:
里面的斜体字部分,由于时态过于复杂,几乎没有人真正去应用它们,可以忽略不记。
时间
体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
Write(s)
Wrote
Shall
write
Will
Should
write
Would
进行
Am
Iswriting
Are
Was
writing
were
Shall
Bewriting
will
Should
Bewriting
Would
完成
Have
written
has
Hadwritten
Shall
Havewritten
will
Should
Havewritten
would
完成进行
Have
Beenwrithing
Has
Hadbeenwriting
Shall
Havebeenwrithing
will
Should
Havebeen
Writing
would
下面就常用的12种时态,(其中还有三种相对用的较少的,请注意)。
具体分析一下。
一.一般现在时
表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态,常用于以下的情况
1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态,多与often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,等时间状语连用。
Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday
Mymotherandfatherworkatthesamecompany.
2、表示性格,特征,能力。
Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.
3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
Thesunrisesintheeast.
二.一般过去时
表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态,常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday,lastweek,3yearsago,in1987)连用
Sheboughtacarlastweek.
Hecametohelpmeatthattime.
三.一般将来时
表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。
Thetrainwillarrivesoon.
Weshallknowthenewstomorrow.
四.过去将来时
过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。
Iaskedherwhereshewouldspendherholiday.
ItoldmyfatherthatIshouldgohomenextMonday.
五.现在进行时
表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。
I’mdoingsomewashing.
Whatareyoudoing?
六.过去进行时
在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。
Iwasworkinginmyofficeateighto’clockyesterdayevening.
HewasmakingaphonecallwhenIsawhim.
七.将来进行时
在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作,一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划,一般不太常用。
Whatwillyoubedoingat3o’clocktomorrowafternoon?
(明天下午三点你将在做什么哪)
八.现在完成时
表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成,而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。
经常跟时间状语since1987,for10hours,bythelastyear相连。
Mybrotherhasbeenillfor3days.
Ihavenotseenhersince1991.
九.过去完成时
在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成,从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。
或者称为过去的过去。
Hesaidthathehadwrittenheraletter.
HelenrangmeupafterIhadgonetosleep.
十.将来完成进行时
表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作,一般不太常用。
I’llhavedonealltheworkbynextday.
十一。
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,它强调在这个已经完成的时间“段”,动作持续的进行,常有感情色彩。
Ihavebeenlookingforyoueverywhereforthewholemorning.
我找了你整整一天了。
(有抱怨的感情色彩)
十二。
过去完成进行时
正个时间段都是发生在过去的,是过去的一点延续到过去的另一点,并且强调动作的持续进行,带感情色彩,但一般不常用。
Hetoldmehehadbeenteachingformorethan20years.
最后提醒一下:
某些与时态规律不太一致的规则。
表示一般将来的意思的,除了一般将来时态外,还可以用以下的几种形式表达。
过去将来同样可以运用。
1、一般现在时
am(is,are)+todo
Thegirlsaretogotoschoolnextweek.
2、现在完成时
am(is,are)+doing
WearegoingtovisittheMuseumofChineseHistorytomorrow.
习题:
1.Tomwas23whenhisfather(die)
2.Practicealone(notguarantee)successforanadultlanguagelearner.
3.He(advise)hissonnottogetmarriedtillhewas30.
4.Waittillyourturn(come).
5.He(go)toleavetherestaurantwhenthemanagercamein.
6.Bequick,orthetrain(leave)bythetimewhenwegettothestation.
7.Ifyougotothewesternsuburbsofthecity,youalotofnewbuildings.(see)
8.sheshowedhimthephotoshethedaybefore.(take)
9.Theywillgotoworkinthecountrysidewhentheyschoolnextyear.(leave)
10.ShetoldusshehadmetyouinLondonlastyear.Youhersince?
(see)
11.Ialongtheroadwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.(walk)
12.ItissaidthathesenttoAustriatoimprovehisEnglish.(be)
13.HowcanIeverconcentrateifyoucontinuallymewillsillyquestions?
(Interrupt)
14.Mr.Whiteworkswithachemicalsimportandexportcompany,butheforindustrialfair,sinceheisnoleave.
15.Forsometimenow,,worldleadersoutthenecessityforagreementonarmsreductionpoint
1)Aftersearchingforhalfanhour,sherealizedthatherglasses____onthetableallthetime.
A)werelainB)hadbeenlain
C)arelyingD)hadbeenlying
2)BythetimeyougettoBeijingtomorrow,I____forShanghai.
A)shallhaveleftB)willleave
C)amleavingD)havealreadyleft
3)Iboughtanewhouselastyear,butI____myoldhouseyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.
A)didn'tsellB)havenotsold
C)hadnotsoldD)don'tsell
4)Eversincethefamilymovedtothesuburbslastyear,they____betterhealth.
A)couldhaveenjoyedB)haveenjoyed
C)havebeenenjoyedD)areenjoying
5)IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI____.
A)finishwhatIdid
B)finishedwhatIdid
C)finishedwhatIwasdoing
D)wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing
6)Juliahadn'treachedtherestaurantwhenJim____there.
A)gotB)hasgotC)hadgotD)hadbeen
7)Eventhoughthey____fortwentyyears,thetwoneighborsarenotongoodterms.
A)havebeenlivedsidebyside
B)hadbeenlivingsidebyside
C)havebeensidebysideliving
D)havebeenlivingsidebyside
8)Whenthefinalgradeswereposted,Max____thathehadpassedthephysicsexamafterall.
A)discoversB)discovered
C)haddiscoveredD)hasdiscovered
9)I____youthebookassoonaspossible,Ipromiseyou.
A)wouldsendB)willsend
C)sentD)send
10)We____downwhenshe____platesoffoodforus.
A)hadhardlysat,hadbought
B)hardlysat,bought
C)hardlysat,hadbought
D)hadhardlysat,bought
11)WhenIcalledyouthismorning,nobodyansweredthephone.____?
A)swhereshaveyoubeenB)swhereshaveyoubeento
C)swheresdidyougoD)swhereswereyou
12)Asmymother____herebefore,Iwenttomeetherattherailwaystation.
A)hadneverbeenB)hasneverbeen
C)hadbeenneverD)neverwas
13)Ourteam____everymatchsofarthisyear,butwestillhavethreemoregamestoplay.
A)waswinningB)haswon
C)hadwonD)wins
14)He____forthreeyears.
A)hasjoinedthearmy
B)hasbeeninthearmy
C)hasbeenservinginthearmy
D)joinedthearmy
15)Thegrowthofparttimeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,____morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.
A)haveallowedB)allow
C)allowingD)allows
16)Thecar____atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutteno'clocktonight.
A)wouldgoB)went
C)willbegoingD)goes
17)Thecompany____ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.
A)ispromisedB)ispromising
C)hasbeenpromisingD)promised
18)Nosoonerhadhesatdownthanthetelephone____.
A)ringsB)wasringing
C)rangD)handrung
19)Ihopethetimeisnotfaroffthattheyshall____forthebettermentoftheworkingclass.
A)maketofightB)bemadetofight
C)befoughtD)fought
20)Mr.James____acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyearsbeforeretirement.
A)isdrivingB)drove
C)hasdrivenD)drives
21)I____aradiotalkonShakespearewhenmyunclecamehomeandstartedshoutingatthetopofhisvoice.
A)washearingB)heard
C)waslisteningtoD)listenedto
22)He____novels,wheneverhiswifegoesshopping.
A)isreadingB)reads
C)hasreadD)hasbeenreading
23)Iamnotsurewhethertomorrowhe____themeetingornot,ashehasnotbeenherelately.
A)attendB)attends
C)willattendD)attended
24)I____thatshewillpassthefinalexamination.
A)expectB)haveexpected
C)hadexpectedD)wasexpected
25)Theythoughtit____funtotakethecar.
A)canbeB)wouldbe
C)willbeD)hasbeen
26)SheremindedmethatBangkok____thecapitalofThailand.
A)isB)was
C)hadbeenD)havebeen
27)“Let'shurry.Thepresidentiscoming.”“Oh,Iamafraidthatwe____.”
A)alreadymisshimB)hadalreadymissedhim
C)willmisshimalreadyD)havealreadymissedhim
28)Shewastoldtheexamination____onFriday.
A)willbegivenB)wouldbegiven
C)tobegivenD)isgiven
29)Theybelievedthatbyusingcomputerst
heproductionoftheirfactory____.
A)willalreadyincrease
B)wouldgreatlyincrease
C)wouldbeincreasedgreatly
D)willhavebeengreatlyincreased
30)Youwon'tknowifitfitsyoubeforeyou____iton.
A)willtry
B)aretrying
C)try
D)havetried
31)We____yourtermscarefullybut____tosaythatwecannotacceptthem.
A)arestudying…regret
B)havestudied…areregretting
C)havestudied…regret
D)havebeenstudying…haveregretted
32)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe____untilyesterday.
A)willcomeB)wascoming
C)hadbeencomingD)came
33)Bythetimeyouarrivetonight,I____forseveralhours.
A)hadstudiedB)havebeenstudied
C)hadbeenstudyingD)willhavebeenstudying
34)Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainforShanghai____atseveno'clockintheevening.
A)leavesB)hasleft
C)wasleftD)willleave
35)Ican'tfindmydictionary.IwonderwhetherMary____itnow.
A)haveB)has
C)isshavingsD)had
36))Mr.Harrissaidthathe____tothesupermarketbeforegoinghome.
A)willgoB)hadgone
C)wouldgoD)istogo
37)ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthatknowledge____onlyfrompractice.
A)hadB)hascome
C)cameD)comes
38)You____thedifficultieswhenIfinishtellingyouthewholestory.
A)willbeseenB)willhaveseen
C)willseeD)see
39)Sheisstudyingmedicalsciencenow,butshe____alawyer.
A)usedtobeB)wouldbe
C)formerlywereD)hadbeen
40)Itisreportedthatbytheendofthismonth,theoutputofcementinthefactory____byabout10%.(CET-41996,1)
A)willhaverisenB)hasrisen
C)willberisenD)hasbeenrising
41)MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto'clock.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromthere____bythen.(CET-41998,6)
A)willhaveleftB)wouldleave
C)hadleftD)hasleft
时态部分练习题
1)D2)A3)B4)B5)C6)A7)D8)B9)B10)D11)D12)A13)B14)B15)D16)C17)C18)C19)B20)C21)C22)B23)C24)A25)B26)A27)D28)B29)C30)C31)C32)B33)D34)A35)B36)C37)D38)C39)A40)A41)A