Unit7Culture习题与解答.docx

Unit7Culture习题与解答.docx

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Unit7Culture习题与解答

Unit-7-Culture-习题与解答

D

A.spreadB.slopped（溢出，溅出）C.shed（倾诉，流出）D.spilled

24.Heistoo                tocriticism.D

A.sensible（明智的，合乎情理的）B.responsiveC.activeD.sensitive

25.Thefoodwasexcellent,and         thewine.C

A.likelyB.aswellC.likewiseD.alike

SectionB

Directions:

 Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

26.Hecouldn’thidehis______________（embarrass）athischild’srudeness.embarrassment

27.Itis_______________（custom）forcustomerstotiptheserverswhengoingouttorestaurants,barsandcoffeeshopsinAmerica.customary

28.Ifthepaintingisan___________（origin）,itwillbeveryvaluable,butIthinkitmaybeafake.original

29.Letusbekindand_____________（thought）andnotbeunkindandhurtotherpeople.thoughtful

30.Wetakethisopportunityofexpressingoursincere_____________（appreciate）ofyourhelp.appreciation

31.Despitehisachievements,heretainsanendearingsenseof____________（grace）andhumility.graciousness

32.Thecompanyputforwarda___________（propose）forajointproject.proposal

33.Hisanswertomyquestionhasonlyaddedtomy______________（confuse）.confusion

34.Alldisputesinconnectionwiththiscontractshouldbesettledthroughfriendly_____（negotiate）.negotiation

35.Hehasmanygoodqualities---generosity,diligence,______（modest）,simplicity,andsoforth.modesty

ExerciseII ReadingComprehension

Directions:

 Thispassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandfillinthecorrespondinglettersintheboxesaftereachquestion.

PassageOne

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?

Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby radiation from handsets and basestations,despitethelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,a systematic reviewcarriedoutbyRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London, roundsup 150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthedeliveryofhealthcare.Theseusersfallintothree categories:

efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsbyincorporatingtext-messagingintotreatment regimes.Thestudy,fundedbyVodafone,theworld’slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.

Usingtextingtoboostefficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.SeveraltrialscarriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingremindersreducesthenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26%-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointmentsby33%-50%.Ifsuch schemes were rolledout nationally,thiswouldtranslateintoannualsavingsof256millionto364millionpounds.

Textmessagearealsobeingusedtoremindpatientsaboutbloodtests, clinics,scansand dental appointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehadequallysatisfyingresults—thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.

Textmessagecanalsobeagoodwayto disseminate（广泛传播） public-healthinformation,particularlytogroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationareunavailable.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization’sstrategytocontrol tuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalitoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5millionchildrenagainst polio（小儿麻痹症）.

Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatment regime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineattherighttime,ortoencourage compliance（遵守）withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerally anecdotal, however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichiswhyhisteampublishedthreepapersthisweeklookingattheuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,writtenin conjunction withVictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhich diabetic teenagers’treatmentwasbackedupwithtext-messaging.

36.WecaninferfromthestudybyRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesthat____.C

  A.mobilephoneshaveprofoundilleffectsonpeople’shealth

  B.therelationbetweenmobilephonesandhealthisnotproved

  C.evidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisabundant

  D.Vodafoneistheworld’slargestmobileoperator

37.WhatdotheexperimentsimplementedinEnglandindicate?

A

  A.Text-messagingisusefulinremindingdoctorsoftheirappointmentswithpatients.

  B.Usingtextingtoboostefficiencyisverypopularinhospitals.

  C.Text-messaginghashelpedtosavemuchmoneyforthehospital.

  D.Text-messagingplaysanimportantroleintreatingpatientswithacutediseases.

38.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…thoughtheuseoftext-messagereminders…,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients”（Lines3-4,Para.3）？

D

 A.Text-messagingisnotsuitabletoremindpatientsintheNetherlands.

B.Text-messagingisveryeffectiveintreatingpatientsintheNetherlands.

  C.Theuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlandsdoesnotannoypatients.

  D.Theuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlandswasnotsatisfactory.

39.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexamplesofthecountriesinthefourthparagraph?

A

  A.Textmessagesmayhelptospreadinformationaboutpublichealth.

  B.TextmessagesareeasilyavailableincountrieslikeIndiaandKenya.

  C.Thesecountriesaresufferingfromterribleinfectiousdisease.

  D.Thetechnologyofsendingtextmessagesisadvancedinthesecountries.

40.Text-messagingisusedaspartofdoctors’treatmentby____.B

  A.carryingoutmorequantitativeresearch

  B.sendingmessagestoremindpatients

  C.publishingatleastthreepapers

  D.observingtheeffectsofmobilephones

PassageTwo

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Plato,anancientGreekphilosopher,believedthatmenaredividedintothreeclasses:

gold,silverand bronze.VilfredoPareto,anItalianeconomist,arguedthat“thevitalfew”accountformostprogress.Intheprivate sector（私营部门）,bestcompaniesstruggle relentlessly（无情地） tofindandkeepthe vital（必不可少的，维持生命所需的）few.Theyofferthemfatpay packets（大笔款项）,extratraining,powerful mentors（指导） andmorechallenging assignments（任务）.

Astheeconomybeginstorecover,companiesaretryingharderto nurture（培育，培养） rawtalent（人才）,orto poach（偷猎，盗用） itfromtheirrivals. Private-equity firmsrelyheavilyonafewstars.High-techfirms,foralltheir egalitarianism（平等主义）,are ruthless（残酷的） about recruiting（吸收，添加，招募） thebrightest.Firmsinemergingmarketsaredesperatetofindyounghigh-flyers（成功人士，高材生）tocopewithrapidgrowthandfast-changingenvironments.

BillConatyandRamCharan’srecentbook TheTalentMasters providesanicemixof portraits（描述，描绘） ofwell-knowntalentfactoriesalongwith sketches（概述，描述）ofmorerecentconverts（转换）tothecause.“Talentmasters”areproudoftheir elitism（精英主义）.GEdividesitsemployeesintothreegroupsbasedontheirpromise.HibdustanUnilever compiles（编辑，收集）alistofpeoplewhoshow innate（固有的，天生的） leadershipqualities.“Talentmasters”allseemtoagreeontheimportanceoftwothings:

measurementand differentiation（分化）.Thebestcompaniesroutinelysubjectemployeestovarious“reviews”and“assessments（评估）”.Butwhenitcomestohigh-flyerstheymakemoreefforttobuildupa three-dimensional（三维的，立体的）picturesoftheirpersonalitiesandtoprovidelotsoffeedback.

Apowerfulmotivatorissingleouthigh-flyersforspecialtraining.GEspends$1billionayearonit.Novartissendshigh-flyerstoregularoff-sitetrainingsessions（学期，会期）.Manycompaniesalsoembrace（拥抱，接受）on-jobtraining,speakingof“stretch”assignmentor“baptismsbyfire”.Themost coveted （令人垂涎的）areforeignpostings:

thesecanhelpyoungmanagersunderstandwhatitisliketorunanentirecompanywithawiderangeofproblems.

Successfulcompaniesmakesurethatseniormanagersareinvolvedwith“talentdevelopment”.BossesofP&Gspent40%oftheirtimeon personnel.Intelobligedseniormanagerstospendatleastaweekinayearteaching high-flyers.Involvingthecompany’s topbrass（高级职员） intheprocesspreventslower-levelmanagersfrom monopolizing（垄断，独占） high-flyersandcreates dialogues（对话，交流） betweenestablishedandfutureleaders.Successfulcompaniesalsointegratetalentdevelopmentwiththeirbroaderstrategytoensurethatcompaniesaremorethanthesumoftheirparts.P&Glikesitsmanagerstobeboth innovative（革新的，创新的）and worldly（精于世俗的）.Goodyearreplaced23ofits24seniormanagersintwoyearsasitshifteditstarget-consumersfromcarmakerstomotorists.

Meanwhile,intheirrushtoclassifypeople,companiescanmisspotentialstars.Thosewhoaresingledoutforspecialtreatmentcanbecometoofullofthemselves.Butthefirstproblemcanbefixedbyflexibility:

peoplewhoareaverageinonejobcanbecomestarsinanother.Andpeoplewhobecometoo smug（沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的） canbe discarded（丢弃）.

41.Theauthormentionstheneedsfortalentofdifferentfirmsinthesecondparagraphtoshowthat____.A

  A.theneedfortalentisuniversal

  B.thereisacut-throatcompetitionamongthem

  C.th