GCT英语辅导概述词汇.docx
《GCT英语辅导概述词汇.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《GCT英语辅导概述词汇.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
GCT英语辅导概述词汇
2014年GCT英语辅导讲义
主讲:
何春艳
2014年7月
GCT英语考试概述
【关于GCT】
GCT:
GraduateCandidateTestforMasterofEngineering,工程硕士专业学位研究生入学资格考试,是中国在职研究生的入学资格考试的一种形式。
考试于每年6-8月进行报名,并在10月进行考试,且其考试成绩有效期均为一年。
GCT考试内容包括:
语言表达能力(语文)、数学基础能力(数学)、逻辑推理能力(逻辑)、及外语运用能力(英语)。
GCT考试时间:
180分钟,平均每部分答题时间为45分钟。
GCT试卷分值:
每部分100分,共400分。
【英语部分试题难度】
难度小:
GCT英语考试词汇量要求4000个以上,难度保持在大学英语三级到四级,是国内所有研究生入学考试中难度最低的一类考试。
难度大:
答题速度要求高。
试卷单词数量较大,约为2500-2600个,需完成50道题,但考试时间为45分钟(2700秒),即每秒钟看一个单词,平均答题时间不到1分钟。
因此,本考试的制胜要素在于考试速度。
试题难度由易到难分为3个等级,从容易、一般到较难的题目比例为3:
5:
2。
【英语部分试题结构及答题技巧】
GCT英语试卷共50道题,考试时间为45分钟,满分为100分,每题2分。
表:
用时及得分目标分解
题型
题量
分值
用时
得分目标
词汇与语法(VocabularyandStructure)
5+5
20
5
6——12
阅读理解(ReadingComprehension)
4×5
40
21
18——28
完型填空(Cloze)
1×10
20
8
6——16
会话技能(DialogueCompletion)
10
20
8
10——16
1、答题用时:
5+21+8+8=42分钟;填涂答题卡用时:
3分钟。
2、得分目标:
40-70分。
3、答题顺序:
会话技能→词汇与语法→阅读理解→完型填空。
在前两部分尽量节约时间,以便留出更多时间做阅读与完型。
【GCT英语课程安排】
1、词汇
(1)
2、语法(4)
3、会话技能
(2)
4、完型填空(3)
5、阅读理解(3)
第一部分词汇
一、英语单词的构词法
(一)词汇类别
(1)合成词(composition)
e.g.classroom;mother-in-law;playground
(2)派生词(derivation)
e.g.disappear;misunderstand;helpful
(3)转换词(conversion)
名词动词:
back(后背→支持);smoke(抽烟→烟)
名词形容词:
chance(机会→偶然的);rich(富裕的→富人)
动词形容词:
narrow(狭窄的→变窄);dirty(脏的→弄脏)
情态动词名词:
must(必须→必须做的事)
(二)派生词的基本构成
派生词可以分成三部分:
前缀+词根+后缀。
前缀改变词的意思;后缀改变词的词性。
【前缀】
anti-
反、抗
anti-war
auto-
自己的、自动的
automobile
bi-
双
bicycle
bio-
生命,生物
biology
co-,col-,com-,
con-,cor
共同
cooperatecoordinatecolleague
de-
除去,否定;离开
decreasedelete
di-,dif-,dis-
无,不,相反
disappeardischargediscountdiscouragediscover
en-,em-
使成为
enableencourageenforceenlargeentitle
ex-
前;向外
exchangeexclaimexcludeexpressexport
extra-
外,超出
extraordinary
il-,im-,in-,ir-ab
不,非
illegalimpossibleincorrectirregularabnormal
im-,in-
进入
importinvade
inter-
间,相互
interactinterviewinternet
kilo-
千
kilogramkilometer
mid-
中
middaymidnight
mini-
小
minimum
mis-
误
misunderstandmislead
mono-
单一
monopoly
multi-
多
multiplemultiply
non-
非,不
nonsense
over-
过度,太;外
overflowovercoat
post-
后于
postgraduate
pre-
先于
predictprepareprescribe
re-
再
reactrecallrecoverrecyclereformrefreshrepayrenewreplacereserverestoreretreat
sub-
下,次
subwaysubsequentsubstitute
super-
上,超
supermarket
tele-
远
telegramtelephonetelescopetelevision
trans-
横贯,转移
translatetransformtransporttransmit
tri-
三
triangle
un-
不,无
unforgettableunfairuneasyunfortunatelyunfortunateunlikeunusual
under-
在…下,次
undergroundundergraduate
vice-
副
vice-president
【名词后缀】
-an
-ian
人
arabianAsianAustralianCanadianChristian
ItalianmusicianlibrarianphysicianpoliticianRussiantechnician
-ee
人(被动)
employeerefugee
-er
-or
人
daughterownerlawyertrainerbarberbutchersingercarrieractorancestorbachelorconductordirectorsenatoroperatorsponsorwriter
-ant
-ent
人
assistantcorrespondentimmigrant
-ist
人,主义者
novelistactivistartistnationalistphysicistpsychologisttourist
-ance
-ence
性质,状态
acceptanceacquaintanceallowanceappearanceapplianceconscienceresistanceinsurancenuisance
-age
状态,集合,表行为、状态
voyageadvantagebaggagecouragegarbageshortageluggage
-al
构成抽象名词
approvalarrivalintervalremoval
-cion
-sion–tion
动作,状态
comprehensiondepressiondesperationinventioninvasionmodernizationpermissionpossessionsuspiciontensiontransmissionindustrialization
-hood
身份,性质,时代
childhoodneighborhood
-ity
抽象名词
personalityrealitycuriosity
-ty
抽象名词
libertyqualityemptyspecialty
-ment
运动
agreementappointmentargumentarrangementmonumentmovementparliamentpaymentreplacementrequirementsettlementtreatment
-ness
性质,状态
goodnessillness
-ology
学科
psychologybiologyzoology
-ship
状态,性质
friendshiphardshipleadershipmembershipownershiprelationshipscholarship
-th
动作、过程;状态、性质
birthwarmthwidth
-ing
行动,行业,…的
beingbeginningendingspelling
【动词后缀】
-en
做,使,成为…,使变成…
fastenhardenlengthenloosenthreatenwidenweakenstrengthen
-ify
…化,使成为…,变成…
clarifyidentifyjustifyqualifyspecify
-ize
使…化,照…样子做
characterizespecializeindustrializecivilizerealize
【形容词后缀】
-able,-ible,-ble
能够…,值得…
acceptableavailablecomparablefavorablehonorableliablenoticeablereliableresponsibleunbelievable
-al
…的,行为,人,物
annualcasualclassicalcontinualconventionalcriticalexperimentalidenticaloptional
-ed
…的
accustomedadvancedashamedbelovedcomplicatedcrowdedlearnedlimitednakedsituated
-en
做,使,…的,人
goldenhardenhastenloosenweakenwoodenwoolen
-ful
…的
doubtfulcolorfulfaithfulfearfulfruitfulgratefulhopefulpeacefulplentifulthoughtful
-ic,ical
…的,人,…学
academicartisticeconomicelectronicheroicoptimisticorganicsystematicpracticalstatistical
-ish
…的,有…性质的
selfishBritish
-ive
与…有关的;具有…性质的
activecomparativecollectivecreativerelativeprotective
-less
无…的,不…的
carelessendlesshelplesshopelessrestlessworthless
-like
如…的
childlike
-ly
…的,…地
deadlyelderlymonthlyweeklyyearly
-ous
-ious
具有…特征的
ambitiousanxiouscautiouscuriousdangerousdeliciousfamousgloriousreligioussuspicious
-y
…的
rainynoisydirtygreedysunnywealthyslippery
【副词后缀】
-ly
basicallydefinitelydirectlyespeciallyeventuallyevidentlyextremelyfairlyfinallyfortunatelygenerallyhardlyhighlyincreasinglylargelymainlymerelymostlynamelynaturallynearlynecessarilynormallyobviouslyparticularlypartlypossiblypracticallypresentlyprobablyrarelyreadilyreallyrepeatedlyrespectivelyscarcelyshortlysimplyspecificallytrulyusuallyvirtuallywholly
-ward(s)
forwardbackwardsinwardoutward
-wise
otherwise
【常见词根】
词根
意思
举例
ag
做,动作
agentagendaagency
audi,audit
听
audienceaudio
ced,cess,ceed
走
proceedexceedprocesssuccessionsucceedsuccessive
centr
中心
centercentralconcentrate
dic,dict
说
dictatedictationdictionarycontradictionpredict
duct
引导
conducteducateintroduceproducereduce
facfact
做
factfactorfactorymanufacturemanufacturer
fer
拿
conferencedifferdifferentdifferenceofferpreferrefersuffertransfer
fin
末尾,界限
finalfinishfine
gengener
出生,种类
geniusgenerategeneral
grad
步
gradegradualgraduateundergraduate
graph
写
geographyphotograph
ject
投掷
injectinjectionrejectprojectsubject
lect
选
collectelectneglectselect
pos,posit
放
composedepositexposeopposeproposesuppose
sist
站立
assistconsistexistinsistresistpersist
spect
看
expectinspectrespectprospect
st,stat
站立
statestationstaydistanceconstantobstaclerest
tain
握,持
containobtainretain
venvent
来
eventinventprevent
vis
看
adviseevidentproviderevisesupervisevisiblevisit
二、语法词汇
【表示原因的连词】
表示“因为”“由于”:
1.Because(前后;强)
2.As(前;明显的原因)
3.For(后;补充上文未交待的新情况)
4.Since(引出已知原因)
5.Nowthat(既然)
【表示原因的介词短语+n.】
1.onaccountof
2.asaresultof(=causedby)
3.dueto(sth/sb)=causedby=becauseof
4.becauseof
5.thanksto(sb/sth)
【表示“所以”“结果”的副词,连词】
1.Hence:
(=forthisreason)adv.
Mylittlebrotherisbyhimself;henceImustgohomenow.
2.Therefore:
(=so,较so更为正式)adv.
I’veneverbeentoItaly,thereforeIknowlittleaboutit.
3.Thus:
(=asaresultofsomethingjustmentioned)adv.
Wedon’townthebuilding.Thus,itwouldbeimpossibleforustomakeanychangestoit.
4.Asaresult:
Hewasrunoverbyacar.Asaresult,hedied.
5.Thereby:
adv.
Regularexercisestrengthenstheheart,therebyreducingtheriskofheartattack.
6.Consequently:
adv.
Thisposesathreattoagricultureandfoodchain,andconsequentlytohumanhealth.
7.Accordingly:
(=forthatreason;therefore;句首)adv.
Thecostofmaterialsrosesharplylastyear.Accordingly,wewereforcedtoincreaseourprice.
【表示“递进”的副词,连词】
1.Moreover:
adv.
Atalentedartist,shewas,moreover,awriterofsomenote.
2.Furthermore:
adv.
Hesaidhehadnotdiscussedthematterwithher.Furthermore,hehadnotevencontactedher.
3.Besides:
adv.(而且)/prep.(除……之外,还……)
Idon’treallywanttogo.Besides,itistoolatenow.
Besidesthetwonovels,Ihaveboughtonepen.
Note:
besides用作介词时意思等同于inadditionof(此外,还……)
except(除了……外,排除sth.)e.g.WeworkeverydayexceptSunday.
【表示”比较”的副词、连词、介词短语】
1.bycontrast(相比之下)
Whenyoulookattheirnewsystem,oursseemsveryold-fashionedbycontrast.
2.bycomparison(相比之下)
Bycomparison,expenditureoneducationincreasedlastyear.
3.onthecontrary(正相反)
A:
Itmusthavebeenterrible.
B:
Onthecontrary,Ienjoyedeveryminute.
4.Similarly(同样地)
TheUSwonmostofthetrackandfieldevents(田径赛).Similarly,inswimming,thetopthreeplaceswenttoAmericans.
【表示”转折”的副词、连词、介词短语】
1.However(句首,句中)(然而,但是)adv.
I'dliketogowithyou;however,myhandsarefull.
Ihaveagreedwithyou,andhowever,Istillhavesomeworries.
however的其它用法
however(adv.)+adj./adv.=whatevereverdegree(不管多么……)
Howeverhardshetried,nothingseemedtowork.
however(conj.)=inwhateverway(不管用什么方法)
Howeveryoulookatit,itwillcostalot.
2.Nevertheless(然而,不过)adv.
Thenewsmaybeunexpected.Nevertheless,itistrue.
Hisdefeatwasexpectedbutitisdisappointingnevertheless.
3.Whereas(用于比较两个事实)
Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdonot.
4.but:
conj.
5.though:
conj.
Strangethoughitmaysound,Iwaspleaseditwasover.
6.although:
conj.
Ifelthewaswrong,althoughIdidn’tsaysoatthetime.
Althoughsmall,thekitcheniswelldesigned.
7.inspiteof
Theywentswimminginspiteofallthedangerdesigns.
8.despite:
prep.=inspiteof(in spite of或despite之后必须用名词或动名词,不能接普通句子)
Hervoicewasshakingdespiteallhereffortstocontrolit.
9.regardlessof
Theclubwelcomesallnewmembersregardlessofage.
【表示“举例”的副词、连词、介词短语】
1.for