英国文学史复习资料整理.docx

英国文学史复习资料整理.docx

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英国文学史复习资料整理

英国文学史复习资料整理

　　篇一：

英国文学史知识梳理

　　一、TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）Theliterature：

Twodivisions:

paganandChristian

　　TheSongofBeowulf：

theeventswhichtookplaceontheContinentatthebeginningofthe6thCentury，Thepoemtellsofahero,aScandinavianprincenamedBeowulf,whoridstheDanesofthemonsterGrendel,halfmanandhalffiend,andGrendel’smother,whocomesthateveningtoavengeGrendel’sdeath.FiftyyearslaterBeowulf,nowkingofhisnativeland,fightsadragonwhohasdevastatedhispeople.BothBeowulfandthedragonaremortallywoundedinthefight.ThepoemendswithBeowulf’sfuneral.

　　Theme：

theprimitivepeople’sstruggleagainsthostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.

　　二、TheAnglo-NormanPeriod（1066-1350）TheLiterature：

TheliteraturewhichtheybroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofloveandadventure（Romance）,inmarkedcontrastwiththestrengthandsomberness（朴实无华）ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry（Epic）.

　　ExplanationofSirGawainandGreenKnight：

Twomotifs（主题）testoffaith,courage,testofhumanweaknessforself-preservation

　　三、GeoffreyChaucer（1340?

-1400）

　　Characteristics①Hisallegoriesandsymbolsarealreadytingedwithrealisticimages②Chaucer’spoemisdistinguishedforitsprofounddelineationofcharacterandtruthfuldescriptionofhumanrelations.

　　TheCanterburyTales：

TheHost（HarryBaily）proposesastorytellingcontesttopassthetime;eachofthe30pilgrims（includingthepoet）istotellfourtalesontheroundtrip.

　　MajorWork:

LegendofGoodWomen好女人的故事HouseofFame声誉殿堂

　　CanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集andCressida特洛伊勒斯和克莱西

　　ParliamentofFowls百鸟会议

　　四、TheRenaissance（16thCentury）Twofeatures：

thirstingcuriosityforclassicalliterature.keeninterestinlifeandhumanactivities.

　　Shakespeare（1564-1616）

　　ThreePeriodsofhisDramaticCareeranditscharacteristics

（1）theyearsfrom1590to1600,arecharacterizedfromadegreebyformalandratherobviousconstructionandbystylizedversetohighlyindividualized.

　　Comedies:

1）TheMerchantofVince,威尼斯商人2）AMidsummerNight’sDream,仲夏夜之

　　梦TwelfthNight,第十二夜3）AsYouLikeIt.（皆大欢喜）4）TheComedyofErrors,

　　5）TheMerryWivesofWindow,theyearsfrom1601to1608,themostprofoundofhisworks.

　　Tragedies:

1）Hamlet哈姆雷特2）KingLear李尔王3）Macbeth麦克白4）Othello奥赛罗

　　5）RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶6）TimonofAthens.（雅典的泰门）theperiodfrom1609-1612,principalromantictragicomedies.

　　TheThemesofHamlet：

newthemes:

impossibilityofcertainty;complexityofaction;3themysteryofdeath;explorationintoman’sinnerworld,intohumanpsychologythroughaseriesofsoliloquy（自言自语，独白）.

　　TraditionalaspectsofThemes：

:

2.InheritedSinandCorruption（人生而有罪和堕落）:

3.SonsSeekingRevenge4.Deception:

DeceptionmakesupamajormotifinHamlet.5.Ambition6.Loyalty:

7.Existence

　　FeaturesofShakespeare’sDrama：

1）.oneofthefoundersofrealisminworldlit.2）Skilledinmanypoeticforms.3）.AgreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage

　　Petrarchansonnet:

Theoctaveiseightlineslong,andtypicallyfollowsarhymeschemeofABBAABBA,orsestetoccupiestheremainingsixlinesofthepoem,andtypicallyfollowsarhymeschemeofCDCDCD,orCDECDE.

　　Shakespeareansonnet:

ABABCDCDEFEFGGThesonnet18,16

　　TheSpencerianSonnet:

ABABBCBCCDCDEEOnHisBlindness

　　Bacon（1561-1626）

　　Majorworks:

1）AdvancementofLearning学术的进展2）NewInstrument新工具3）NewAtlantis新大西岛;4）Essays随笔（OfTruth;OfFriendship;OfStudies论学习;OfWisdomforaMan’sSelf）

　　五、ThePeriodofRevolution&Restoration（17thCentury）

　　Literarycharacteristics:

Confusion;Absenceofanyfixedstandardofliterarycriticism;

　　Donne（1572-1631）Metaphysicalpoets

　　AValediction:

forbiddingmourning

　　Theme:

Real,completeloveunitesnotonlythebodiesofahusbandandwifebutalsotheirsouls.Suchspiritualloveistranscendent,metaphysical,keepingtheloverstogetherintellectuallyandspirituallyeventhoughthecircumstancesofeverydaylifemayseparatetheirbodies.

　　Imagery:

Thecircle1.Marriagering2.Pathoftheplanets3.Pathdescribedbyacompass

　　ThecompassPlanetarytrepidationEarthquakesThegoldValuable,noble,difficulttodestroy

　　Threekindsofpoet（清教徒派诗人）,Cavalierpoet（保皇派诗人）,theMetaphysicalpoet（玄学派诗人）.

　　Literaryterm:

Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派诗歌）

　　Milton（1608-1674）AnEnglishPoet

　　1）ParadiseLost（masterpiece）2）ParadiseRegained3）SamsonAgonistes4）Lycidas5）Areopagitica6）OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity7）L’Allegro8）OfReformationinEngland9）DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce10）Penseroso11）Comus

　　ParadiseLost:

ItisaboutSatan’srebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsion（驱逐）ofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.

　　Theme:

ThethemeofthepoemisarevoltagainstGod’sauthority

　　OnHisBlindness:

theme:

GodjudgeshumansonwhethertheylaborforHimtothebestoftheirability.

　　六、TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland（The18thCentury）

　　Defoe:

ThefatheroftheEnglishfiction（英国小说之父）

　　Majorworks:

1）TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe2）CaptainSingleton3）MollFlanders4）AJournalofthePlagueYear5）Roxana

　　THEADVENTURESOFROBINSONCRUSOE

　　Theme:

thepoweroftheaveragemantopreservelifeandtoorganizeeconomyinthefaceofunpromisingenvironment.

　　Swift（1667-1745）OneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose;十八世纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家

　　MajorWorks：

1）ATaleofaTub2）BattleoftheBooks

　　3）JournaltoStella4）TheDrapier’sLetters5）AModestProposal

　　Gulliver’sTravels：

Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国

　　FlyingIsland飞岛国Houyhnhnm马岛国

　　Swiftstyle:

simple,clear,vigorouslanguage;directandpreciseprose;amastersatirist;deadly（非常有效的）irony;powerfulsatire.

　　Burns（1759-1796）:

ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs.

　　1）ARedRedRose一朵红红的玫瑰2）AuldLongnSyne往昔时光3）JohnAnderson,MyJo约翰爱德生，我的爱人4）AMan’saManforAThat不管那一套5）MyHeart’sintheHighlands我的心在那高原上

　　七、The19thRomantic

　　HistoryBackground:

（1）.IndustrialRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionhadastronginfluenceinBritainliterature.

（2）Fightingfor“Liberty,EqualityandFraternity”alsobecomesBritishnationalspirit.

　　Wordsworth（1770-1850）与SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey同被称为LakePoets（湖畔诗人）

　　Characteristics:

Wordsworth’spoetryisdistinguishedbypurityandsimplicityofhislanguagewhichwasspokenbythepeasantswhoconveytheirfeelingsandemotionsinsimpleandunelaborated（坦率的）expressions.

　　MajorWork:

LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey“丁登寺杂咏”

　　WanderedLonelyasaCloud“我独自漫游像一朵浮云”ThePrelude序曲

　　TheExcursion远足LyricalBalas抒情歌谣集TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”

　　GordonByron（1788-1824））heisoneofthemostexcellentrepresentativesofEnglishRomanticismandoneofthemostinfluentialpoetsofthetime.

　　Majorworks:

1）HoursofIdleness（1807）

　　2）TheEnglishBardsandScottReviewers（1809）

　　3）ChildHaroldPilgrimage（1sttwocantos1812,thelatercantos1816-1818）writteninSpenserian）TheGiaour5）Lara（1814）

　　6）TheCorsair（1814）7）DonJuan（1819-1824）masterpiece8）TheVisionofJudgment9）Cain该隐10）ShewalksinBeauty她走在美的光影里

　　Thecharacteristicofhispoems:

Byron’spoemsshowenergyandvigor,romanticdaring（bold,brave）andpowerfulpassion.

　　ByssheShelly:

oneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.

　　Majorworks:

1）Zastrozzi,2）TheNecessityofAtheism,

　　3）QueenMab,4）PrometheusUnbound,

　　5）“TheOdestotheWestWind”,“西风颂6）TheMasqueofAnarchy,

　　7）ADefenceofPoetry,8）TheTriumphofLife,

　　Keats“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty”.

　　Majorworks:

1）“OSolitude”,“孤寂”2）“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗”3）Poems，，hisfirstbook.4）Endymion,hisfirstlong）Isabella,6）Hyperion,7）Lamia，.

　　Thegreatodes:

（1）OnaGrecianUrn，“希腊古瓮颂”.

（2）ToPsyche，“心灵颂”.（3）OnMelancholy，“哀感”.（4）ToAutumn，“秋颂”.

　　Thecharacteristicofhispoetry,characterizedbyexactandclosely-knitconstruction,sensualdescriptions,andbyforceofimagination,givestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.

　　Austin:

oneoftherealisticnovelists.

　　Majorworks:

NorthangerAbbeySenseandSensibilityPrideandPrejudiceMansfieldPark.EmmaPersuasion

　　Thecharacteristicofhernovel:

1）Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysociety2）mainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors3）Storiesofloveandmarriage

　　PrideandPrejudice：

　　Mainidea:

Thebookmainlytellsthelovestorybetweenarich,proudyoungmanDarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabethBennet.Noneofthedaughtersofthewealthyfamilycaninherittheestate（property）ofthefamilyforithasbeenentailed（把遗产留给）uponthenearestmaleheir,

　　WilliamCollins.CollinsintendstomarryandhedecidestochooseElizabeth.ButElizabethrejectshisproposal.WhenanotheryoungmancalledDarcyproposestoElizabeth,shehasprejudiceagainsthimbecauseshethinksthathehasnothingbutpride.Aftermanytwistsandturns,misunderstandingdisappearsandtheyarehappilyunited.

　　Theme:

1）prideandprejudice2）loveandmarriage

　　八、TheVictorianAge

　　TheMainlythreekindsofliteratureanditscharacteristics

　　1）theChartistliterature2）EnglishCriticalRealism3）Victorianpoetry

　　Dickens

　　Majorworks:

1）OliverTwist2）ThePickwickPapers?

匹克威克外传?

　　3）GreatExpectations?

远大前程?

4）DavidCopperfield?

大卫·科波菲尔?

　　5）BleakHouse?

荒凉山庄?

6）HardTimes?

艰难时世?

7）LittleDorrit?

小杜丽?

8）ATaleofTwoCities?

双城记?

9）DombeyandSon（1847-1848）?

董贝父子?

10）OurMutualFriend?

我们的共同朋友?

11）AmericanNotes?

美国札记?

　　Bront