新视野大学英语第三版视听说教程第4册unit8答案.docx

新视野大学英语第三版视听说教程第4册unit8答案.docx

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新视野大学英语第三版视听说教程第4册unit8答案

新视野大学英语第三版视听说教程第4册unit8答案

Uint8II.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptM:

Scentistsclaimtheworldpopulationhas99.5%ofthesameDNA.W:

Butthisdoesn?

ttellusthereisnosuchthingasrace.Q:

WhatistrueoftheDNAofdifferenceraces?

2.ScriptW:

Withtheadventofthegeneticmapweknowwhereeverythingis,butdoweknowwheretogowithit?

M:

Yourmapseemstodifferlargelyfrommygeographicalmap!

Q:

Whatdoesthemanimply?

3.ScriptM:

Asyouknow,ithastakenmillionsofyearsofevolutionandnaturalselectiontogetuswherewearetoday.W:

Yes,butnowthatwehavegeneticengineering,weseemtohavedecidedthatwewanttobeGod.Q:

Whatdoesthewomanimply?

4.ScriptM:

Ithinktheresearchintocloningwillleadusintodangers,fillinguswithfalsehopesofperfection.W:

It?

stoolatetoturnbacktheclock.We?

lljusthavetodependoncommonsensetosolveuncommonproblems.Q:

Whatdoesthewomanmean?

5.ScriptW:

InAmerica,manyprisonersarehavingtheircasesreviewed,andsomehaveevenbeenfreedthroughDNAtesting.M:

Exceptfortheoneswhosedeathsentencehasalreadybeencarriedout.Q:

WhatcanwelearnaboutDNAtestingfromthedialog?

Keys:

1.B2.C3.D4.A5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:

StemCellResearchScriptGregory:

TheRepublicanpartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresearch.Ifindithardtobelievethatinthisdayandage,someonewoulddothat.Lillian:

Stemcellresearchsoundsprettyimpressive,I?

lladmit.Butjustwhatisit?

Gregory:

Well,astemcellisaspecialtypeofcell.Itisageneralcellthat,whenitdevides,canbecomeanyspecifictypeofcell.Lillian:

Youmean,astemcellcanbecomeaheartcell?

Orabrainorakidneycell?

Gregory:

That?

saboutit.Stemcellsareapartofthebody?

smaintenanceandrepairsystem.Whentheydivide,theycanbecomeanycelltype.Lillian:

Iguesstherewouldbesometremendousmedicaladvantagesinthatsortofresearch.Gregory:

You?

vesaidamouthful.Recently,scientistswereabletohelpamanwholostajawboneforcancer.Theyrecreatedbonematerialforhisjawfromstemcells.Whatitmeansisthatsincethenewbonewascreatedoutoftheperson?

sowncells,therewasnoproblemwithrejectionbecausetheDNAwasthesame.Lillian:

Ibetthepersonwasdelighted.Whywouldanyoneopposethatsortofresearch?

Itwouldseemtohaveendlesspotentialtobenefitthehumanrace.Gregory:

Iagree,buttherearepeoplewhothinkweshouldnotinterferewithnatureandmanipulate“whatisnatural”.

Lillian:

It?

seasiertoholdsuchanarrowviewifyou?

renotinapositiontoneedthebenefitsoftheresearch.Ifyou?

remissingajawbonebecauseofcancer,youprobablysupporttheresearch.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whoisagainststemcellresearch?

3.Whatisspecialaboutastemcell?

4.Whencanastemcellbecomeanothercelltype?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whydosomepeopleopposestemcellresearch?

Keys:

1.B2.A3.A4.A5.DTask2:

TheImprovementofRiceScriptScientistsnowknowalotmoreaboutagrainthatpeoplehaveeatenfortenthousandyears.（S1）Researchteamsaroundtheworldhavecompletedamapofthe（S2）genesofrices.Thefindingsappearedlastweekinthe（S3）journalNature.Theaimistospeeduptheimprovementofrice.Thescientists（S4）warnthatthekindsofriceplantsusednowhavereachedthelimitoftheir（S5）productivity.Yetworldriceproductionmust（S6）growbyanestimated30percentinthenexttwentytomeetdemand.By2025,asmanyas4.6billionpeoplewilldependonricefor（S7）survival.Thereisalotofpressureonbreederstoimprovethecrop,andthericegenomeisavaluabletooltodothat.（S8）Plantbreedershavealreadyusedpreliminaryinformationfromthericegenometocreateexperimentalstrainsofricethatbetterresistcoldandpests.Theresearchersalsosayriceisanexcellentchoiceforgeneticmappingandengineering.Ricegeneshaveonlyabout390millionchemicalbases.Thatmaightsoundlikealot.Butothermajorfoodgrainshavethousandsofmillions.（S9）Thenewmapcouldbetterexplainmorethanjustrice.Ricesharesacommonancestorwithothercerealcrops.Becausericeisthefirstcerealcroptobefullyanalyzed,researchersexpectthatsufficientknowledgeofitsgeneticinformationwillrevealtheheredityofmorecomplexgrains,includingcorn,wheatandbarley.（S10）Whilesignificantprogresshasbeenmadeintheanalysisofthericegenome,themappingofhumangenesisalsomakingheadway.Whenscientistscanidentifyandmanipulategenesthatcausecertaindiseases,mankindwillcurethemeasily.Thehumangeneticmapmayhelpuscontrolaperson?

sheight,weight,appearanceandevenlengthoflife.Task3:

TheFirstClonedCatScriptIntheage-oldbattleofcatsanddogs,scoreoneforthecats.ResearchersatTexasA&MUniversityrecentlyannouncedthattheyhavesuccessfullyclonedacatnameRainbow—thefirstpetevercloned—afterseveralyearsofunsuccessfuleffortstocloneadognameMissy.Theork,financedbyacompanyhopingtoprovidepet-cloningservicestowealthyowners,addscatstoagrowinglistofsuccessfullyclonedanimalsthatincludespigs,sheep,cattleandmice.Thesuccessdemonstratescloningisatechnologythatcouldbetransferredtootheranimalfamiliesaswell.Theaccomplishmentmayprovidenewtoolsforstudyingdiseasessuchascats?

AIDS,avaluableresearchmodelforAIDSinhumans.Researchintoanimalcloningremainsanimportantscientificalternativeuntiltheissueofhumancloningissettled.Andthatseemsunliklyintheimmediatefuture,foritinvolvesreligiousandmoralprinciples.Thereare,forexample,groupsthatinsistnooneshouldbeallowedtotakeontheroleofGodtheCreator.

Tocreateclonedcatembryosfortheexperiment,researcherstransferredDNAfromadultcatcellsintoeggcellsstrippedoftheirowngeneticinformation.Outof82attemptswithclonedembryos,oneattemptresultedinafailedpregnancy,andanotheryieldedakittennamedCC,deliveredfromasurrogatemotheronDecember22.Thekitten?

snamerefersto“CarbonCopy”and“Copycat”,thenameofthecloningproject.Cloningattemptswithdogshaveprovenunsuccessfulinpartbecausedogs?

reproductivecyclesaremorecomplicated.ThetechniquemayalsoworkwithendangeredcatssuchastheAfricanwildcat,fishingcatandblackfootedcat.Ironically,theincreasedknowledgeofcatreproductionmaybestbesuitedfordevelopingcatcontraceptivestocontroltheU.S.catpopulation.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

1.WhatdidresearchersatTexasA&MUniversityrecentlyannounce?

2.WhichanimalsareNOTmentionedinthepassageashavingbeencloned?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyishumancloningunlikelytohappeninthenearfuture?

4.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepregnancyandbirthincatcloning?

Keys:

1.A2.B3.C4.B5.CVI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:

Confidentenoughtocontrolyourfate?

ScriptSomepeoplearebornwiththebeliefthattheyaremastersoftheirownlives.Othersfeeltheyareatthemercyoffate.Newresearchshowsthatpartofthosefeelingsareinthegenes.Psychologistshavelongknownthatpeopleconfidentintheirabilitytocontroltheirfatesaremorelikelytoadjustwelltogrowingoldthanthosewhofeeltheydriftonthecurrentsoffate.TworesearcherswhoquestionedhundredsofSwedishtwinsreportthatsuchconfidence,orlackofit,ispartlygeneticandpartlydrawnfromexperience.Theyalsofoundthatthebeliefinblindluck—aconvictionthatchanceplaysabigroleinlife—issomethinglearnedinlifeandhasnothingtodowithheredity.TheresearchwasconductedbyNancyPedersen,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheUnitedStatesintheJournalofGerontology.Peoplewhoareconfidentoftheirabilitytocontroltheirliveshavean“internallocusofcontrol”,andhaveabetterchanceofbeingwelladjustedintheiroldage,saidPedersen.An“externallocusofcontrol”,believingthatoutsideforcesdeterminethecourseoflife,hasbeenlinkedtodepressioninlatteryears,shesaid.“Wearetryingtounderstandwhatmakespeopledifferent.Whatmakessomepeopleageslowlyandothershaveamoredifficulttime?

”shesaid.Thestudyshowedthatwhilepeoplehaveaninborntendencytowardindependenceandself-confidence,about70percentofthispersonalitytraitisaffectedbyaperson?

senvironmentandlifetimeexperiences.Pedersen?

sstudies,withvariouscollaborators,investigatetheagingprocessbycomparingsetsoftwins,mostofwhomwereseparatedatanearlyage.Thesubjectsweredrawnfromalistfirstcompiledabout30yearsago,registeringalltwinsborninSwedensince1886.Thecompletelist,whichwasextendedin1971,has95,000setsoftwins.1.Whichofthefollowingisconcernedwithblindluck?

2.Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtoanexternallocusofcontrol?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueofone?

sinborntendencytowardsself-confidence?

4.WhatsubjectsweremostlyusedinPedersen?

sstudies?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Keys:

1.A2.B3.C4.C5.DTask2:

Isitmoraltoclonehumans?

ScriptLaura:

Didyouhearaboutthatpeculiarcultthatclaimedtohavecreatedtheworld?

sfirsthumanclone?

Ian:

Yeah,Idid!

Theyalsosaidthatitwasaliensthatcreatedlifeonearthover25,000yearsago.Whataretheyon?

Laura:

Iknow!

Itwassoobviouslyjustpartofanelaboratehoaxtobringpublicitytotheircrazymovement.ButIdon?

tthinkthetruthcanbefaroff.Scientistshavebeenworkingonitforyears.Ian:

S