非接触式智能IC卡中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

非接触式智能IC卡中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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中英文资料外文翻译

（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）

外文资料

ANewContact-lessSmartCardICUsinganOn-ChipAntennaandanAsynchronousMicro-controller

Abstract—ThispaperdescribesanewgenerationofContact-lessSmartCardChipwhichintegratesanon-chipcoilconnectedtoapowerreceptionsystemandanemitter/receivermodulecompatiblewiththeIS014443standard,togetherwithanasynchronousquasi-delayinsensitive（QDI）8-bitmicro-controller.BeyondtheContact-lessSmartCardapplicationfield,thisnewchipdemonstratesthatsystem-on-chipintegratingpowerreceptionandmanagement,radio-frequencycommunication,andsignalprocessingisfeasible.Itassociatesanalog/digitalpartsaswellassynchronous/asynchronouslogicsandhasbeenfabricatedinaCMOSsixmetallayers0.25--mtechnologyfromST-Micro-electronics.

IndexTerms—Asynchronousprocessor,coil-on-chip,quasi-delayinsensitivecircuits,SmartCards,system-on-chip.

I. INTRODUCTION

TheSmartCardmarketentersanewera,withaboomingnumberofapplicationsinvariousdomainsandnewcountrieswillingtousethistechnology.

SmartCardsarebecomingmoreandmoreubiquitousandthetrendistointegrateacardreaderinallkindofequipment（PCs,PDAs,mobilephones,etc.）.E-commerce,citizenadministration,andotherscouldbe,throughtheInternet,goodvehiclestoallowserviceproviderstodevelopnewservicesusingtheSmartCardasahigh-securitykeyelement.

Inthiscontext,contact-lessSmartCardsshouldplayanimportantpart.Theabsenceofcontactinduceslowermaintenancecost,improveseaseofuse,reliability,and,therefore,end-usersatisfaction.Theyaredeclinedinseveraltypesaccordingtothelocationoftheantenna.Itcanbeonthecard,onthemodule,orintegrateddirectlyonthechip.Thislatertechniquesignificantlydecreasescardfabricationcost.Moreover,astheuserstillinsertshiscardinareaderslot,transactionsremainassafeaswhenusingcardswithcontacts.

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Sincemostapplicationsrequirelow-costlow-powersystems,thegoalofthisworkistointegrateonasinglechipanantenna,anISO14443compliantradio-frequencyemitter/receiver,togetherwithanasynchronousmicro-controller.Integratingthewholesystemonsiliconshouldpavethewaytonewreliablelow-costContact-lessSmartCardchips.

ThesemainkeytechnologiesusedtodesignthisnewSmartCardchiparepresentedinSectionII.TheSmartCardchipde-signisdetailedinSectionIII,andthedesignmethodologyisbrieflydescribedinSection

IV.ExperimentalresultsaregiveninSectionV.

II.INNOVATION

Theinnovationofthischipliesintheassociationonthesamedieoftwokeytechnologies[9]:

anintegratedpowerreceptionsystemwithanon-chipcoil[5],andan8-bitCISCQDIasynchronousmicro-controller[8].Thisassociationenablesustotakeadvantageoftheasynchronouslogicpropertiesinordertodecreasethedesignconstraintsoftheintegratedpowerreceptionsystemandalsotoincreasetheworkingdomainofthedigitalprocessingpart.

Infact,theasynchronouslogichasthreeinterestingadvantagesvaluablefortheContact-lessSmartCardapplicationconsideredhere[6],[7].Insteadofbeingclockdriven,asynchronouscircuitsaredatadrivenwhichresultsinalowermean-powerconsumption.Insteadofimplementingacentralcontrolunit,asynchronouscircuitsimplementadistributedcontrolsystemwhichresultsinsmallercurrentpeaksandthenlowerelectromagneticemissionbecausetheelectricalactivityisspreadovertime.Finally,insteadofbeing

―clocktimed‖,asynchronouscircuitsareself-timedwhichenablesanautomaticregulationoftheperformance.Hence,QDIasynchronouscircuitsarenotsensitivetovoltagevariations,andrunsattheirmaximumspeedwithrespecttothepowerreceived.

SincetheQDI8-bitmicro-controllerissorobustwithrespecttothepowersupplyvariations（seeSectionIII）,thedesignofthepowerreceptionsystemismadeeasier:

loweraveragepowerdelivered,aswellasthepeakpower,andsimplifiedregulationofthesupplyvoltage.Thisnotonlymakesthedesigneasier,butalsodecreasesthearea（smallerVDDsmoothingcapacitance）.Finally,becauseofitslowcurrentpeakstheQDIasynchronousmicro-controllerdoesnotinterferewiththeloadmodulationusedintheISO14443standardforthecommunicationbetweenthecardandthereader.Thisenablesthemicro-controllertorunwhilethechipistransferringdatatothereaderwhichdecreasesthecomplexityofthesoftwareandthenthememoryspacerequirements.

III.SMARTCARDCHIPDESIGN

TheSmartCardchipiscomposedoffourmainblocks（Fig.1）.TheRFfront-endrecoverspowerfromtheintegratedantenna,whichformsatransformerwiththeexternalreaderantenna.Therecoveredpoweristhenstabilizedandsuppliesthewholechip:

theasynchronousmicro-controllera