高分句表达法.docx
《高分句表达法.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高分句表达法.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高分句表达法
--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--
高分句表达法(正式文体)(总8页)
写作高分句子及文体
(注:
英语考试中的写作,都属于正式文体)
1:
写作时,尽量不要用缩写形式。
如don’t,mustn’t,he’s,I’ve,etc.,shouldbeavoidedinformalEwriting,应写成:
donot,mustnot,heis/hehas,Ihave等。
2.人称代词的使用(one,we,youthey四个代词中,最正式的人称代词是one,其次是we,口语中多用you)
例:
One must believe in something. 人一定要有信仰。
(最正式)
也可以说:
Wemustbelieve in something.
3.Participlephrasesaregenerallyused(分词词组属于高分句)
4.Nominativeabsoluteconstructions(独立主格结构)aregenerallyusedinformalstyle:
andadverbialphrasesplacedbeforethesubjectoftenmakethesentenceformal:
Eagertofinishthework,hecontinuedtodoituntilmidnight.(形容词以及副词词组用于句首,属于高分句句型)
6.Parentheticalremarksoftenmakeasentenceformal:
使用[,pærən‘θɛtɪkl] 插入语
Heshavedveryslowlyandcarefully,aswashiscustom,infrontthemirrorabovethesink.
7.Avoidinformalwordsandphrasalverbs(colloquial)
8.Aseriesofnouns,verbs,oradjectivesmaymakeasentencesoundformal:
Hisangerpreventedhimfromdoing,saying,andlisteningtoanything.
Informal/commonformal/big/learnedwords(注:
也就是高分词)
queer,strangeeccentric
learnederudite
same/similaridentical
clearexplicit
raiseelevate
luckyfortunate
leavedepart
tryendeavor
roomaccommodation
livedwell
•aboutapproximately
•askinquire
•begincommence
•buypurchase
•carrybear(承载)
•changetransform
•endconclude(结束),terminate
•get(获得)obtain
•havepossess
•sayemark
•use------------------employ;adopt;utilize
•carefulcautious
•enough--------------sufficient
•giveoffer
•deepprofound
•clever(smart)------intelligent;
•hard-working-----diligent;
•rich----------wealthy
•Poor------------------impoverished
•so ------ --therefore,consequently,accordingly
•very -----------------extremely
Phrasalverbsarecolloquialandoftenusedinconversationalstyle
(注:
口语词汇多用在口语中,也就是说这些动词词组多用在口语中,在写作中,多用他们的对应的高分词)
•carryoncontinue
•comeinenter
•comeacrossmeet/encounter
•giveinsurrender
•gooncontinue
•goalongwith(陪伴)accompany
•lookintoinvestigate
•putupwithbear,endure,stand,tolerate
•getawayleave,escape
•takeinabsorb
•intheendeventually
•sendfor(派人请)summon
•takeinabsorb
•pushin(插入)insert;add
•pushdowndepress(挤压)
•setuperect
•puttogetheraggregate
•putout;goout(熄灭)extinguish
•take…intopieces(拆除)dismantle
•setfireto(点火)ignite
•turnupsidedown(使颠倒)invert
•keepup(维持)maintain
•takeaway(移开)remove
•driveforward(推进)propel
•lookatover检查examine
•bringinintroduce
•fillup(占住)-------------occupy
•findoutdiscover
•carryout----------------implement/perform
•useupexhaust;consume
•wearawayerode
•make…weakweaken
•putoffpostpone/delay
•atonce-----------------------immediately/instantly
•Doawaywith;getridof;putanendto-----abolish
•Getintouchwith-------Contact
•makeupfor-----------------compensate(loss…)
•Ifyoudon't…Failing/Failureto…
I’msorrybut…(口语句式)Weregrettoinformyouthat…(后面的属于高分句)
I’mhappytosaythat…Wehavepleasureinannouncingthat…(后面的属于高分句)
Ifyouloseit,thenpleasecontactusassoonaspossible.(口语句)
☞Anylossofthisdocumentshouldbereportedimmediately…(高分句)
8.ModalUsage
•Ifyouneedanyhelpgiveusacall.
☞Shouldyourequireanyassistance,pleasefeelfreetocontactus…(虚拟的倒装,高分句)
2.whenexpressinganopinionorbelief,trytouseimpersonalstructures.(不带个人色彩的结构)
•Eg:
itcanbeseenthat…..insteadofyoucansee;itiscommonlybelievedthat…Ibelieve,
•itissaid…insteadofIhear….
•
正式表达法句型或句子
Otherexamplesofimpersonalconstructionsinclude:
itisarguedthat…
•itisfoundthroughresearchthat…
•researchhasfoundthat…
•studieshaverevealedthat…
•itisestimatedthat…
•Thisiswherethedisagreementsandcontroversiesbegin...
•Thedataindicatesthat...
•Thisisnotaviewsharedbyeveryone;Jones,forexample,claimsthat...
•Itisworthwhileatthisstagetoconsiderthat…
•Ofcourse,moreconcreteevidenceisneededbefore...
•Severalpossibilitiesemerge...
•Acommonsolutionisthat…
3.Nominalization(名词化)
•1)Ourmonitordidn’tcometoday.Hehasgotaflu.(口语化句子)
•→Theflucausedtheabsenceofourmonitortoday.(正式化句子)
•Theabsenceofourmonitorisbecauseofhisillness.(正式化句子)
•2)lackof(ifthereisno…),ignoranceof(don’tknow…),illiteracyin(can’tread…/can’tuse…),failure(didn’tdo…)(括号内的属于口语化表达法)
•例:
要是没有足够的资金,这个工程就会瘫痪
Ifthereisnoenoughmoney,theprojectwillbeparalyzed.(口语版)
☞Lackofsufficientmoneywillparalyzetheproject.(写作版)
Alloverthecountrypeoplenolongerbelievethatmarriageisnecessary.口语版)
→Beliefinthenecessityofmarriagehasdeclinedforallagegroupsandineveryregionofthecountry.(写作版)
4.Usemodalityto showcaution aboutyourviews,ortoallowroomforotherstodisagree,forexample,insteadofwriting(说话不要太绝对)
•"Ithinksecond-handsmokecausescancer"(太绝对,不好)
"Second-handsmokemaycausecancer",(稍好)
"Thereisevidencetosupportthepossibilitythatsecond-handsmokeincreasestheriskofcancer.(最好的表达,建议背下来)
3) Ican’tagreewiththisidea.(口语版)
→Itwouldbedifficulttoagreewiththisidea.
→Thisidearequiresfurtherdiscussionandresearchbeforeagreementmaybereached.(背)
Weallbelievethatapersonwhowantstolearnwillhaveacertainamountofsuccesswiththelearningexperience.(口语版)
Revised:
Itiswidelybelievedthatamotivatedlearnerwillhaveacertaindegreeofsuccesswiththelearningexperience.
Revised:
Manyresearchersaccepttheideathatmotivationleadstosuccessinlearning.
练习题
Task:
ThesentencesbelowaregrammaticallyaccuratebutthestyleIsinappropriate.Re-writethesesentencesinamoreacademicstylemakinganychangesyouneedto.
1.Theplannersreviewedthereportandsaidthatitwasok/great.
2.It'sobviousthattheworkenvironmentisgoingtogetalotworse.
3.TheChineseeconomywouldliketolookafteritself,butit'salsoaffectedbythingsthathappenoutsidethecountry.
4.Theirhistoricalapproachtoeconomicsisjustnottherightwaytogoaboutit.
5.Personally,Ithinkthateconomicstabilitydependsuponsocialcohesion.(社会凝聚力)
6.Theresearchteamsaidthattheirtechniqueswereokbutneededtobefurtherrefined.
7.Itwasclearthattheteamhaddonealotandweresatisfiedwithwhatthey'ddone.
8.Theyworkedtogetherontheprojectfor10years.
参考答案
1.Theplannersreviewed…itwasverysatisfactory.
2.Itisobviousthattheworkenvironmentisgoingtodeteriorate/worsen.(darkenwiden形容词转化成对应的动词的变法)
3.TheChineseeconomywouldliketobeself-sufficient,butitisalsoaffectedbyexternalfactors.
4.Theirhistoricalapproach…isinappropriate.
5.Somewritersmaintainthateconomicstabilitydependsuponsocialcohesion.
6.Theresearchteamsaidthattheirtechniquesweresatisfactorybutneededtobefurtherrefined.
7.Itwasclearthattheteamhadcompletedasignificantamountofworkandweresatisfiedwiththeirachievements.
8.Theycollaboratedontheprojectfor10years.
如果我们(你们)采用这种技术,我们(你们就能大大地提高效率。
(口语版)
采用这种技术,就能大大地提高效率(汉语的正式版)
Ifweadoptthistechnique,wewillbeabletoraisetheefficiency.(英语口语版)
Adoptingthistechniquewillbeabletoraisetheefficiency.(英语中不太常用)
Adoptionofthistechniquewillbeabletoraisetheefficiency.(英语中更常用的正式版,因为adopt本身具有它对应的名词形式adoption,所以用它对应的名词形式adoption更好些)
分词结构的写作方法
首先要注意,分词或分词结构只与动词有关,汉语中很喜欢用动词,现在探讨怎么样把汉语中的动词改变成英语中的分词结构或分词短语。
一、培养英语思维,也就是说,把汉语中的无主句都加上相应的主语,变成英语中的主谓宾结构,再用连词连接起来。
.1.不觉冬去春来,久困思动,今日醒来,阳光照屋,精神为之一振,扔在屋角的包袱一直未曾打开,趁天气晴朗,一把拎了过来,抖出冬天换下的衣裳,上面尚有点点雨渍雪痕,便将它摊在窗前晒起。
Beforeverylong,winterpassedandspringarrived.OnedaywhenLiuMengmeiwokeup,hewaspleasedtofindthattheroomfullofsunshine.Hehadlainonthebedforalongtimeandnowfounditbettertogetupandmovearound.Hejumpedupandtookupthebundlewhichhehadthrowninthecorneroftheroommanydaysago.Hiswinterclothesstillhadstainsofrainandsnowandhehungthemupbythewindowtodry.
分析:
整段汉语,一个句子,很难找到主语,但英语每个句子应该有对应的主语,所以,必须找到并加出相应的主语,这样就变成了5个英语句子。
.2.凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。
转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱。
Standingatthewindowforawhile,Ifeltabitchilly.AsIturnedround,myeyessuddenlydazzledbeforethebrightlightandcouldnotseethingsdistinctly.
.3.开始我和母亲是不让父亲抽烟的,得了绝症后,想开了,抽吧,拣好的买,想抽就抽。
AtfirstMotherandIwouldn’tletFathersmoke.After()contractedthefataldisease,()thoughtdifferently.()just()smoke,()buythebestcigarettes,()smokewhenever()likedto.
上例是汉语化的死对应的英语句子,不是正确的英语句子,要想变成正确的英语句子,必须按照英语语言和语法的习惯,补出相应的主语和连词,即括号内的词或词组。
AtfirstMotherandIwouldn’tletFathersmoke.After(Father)hadthefataldisease,(we)thoughtdifferently.(Wewould)just(lethim)smoke,(and)buythebestcigarettes,(sohecould)smokewhenever(he)likedto.
二、使用连词后,必须把两个句子的主语变成或调整成一个相同的主语。
.1.老师进教室时,同学们在读英语。
Whentheteacherenteredintotheclassroom,thestudentswerereadingEnglish.
这两个句子的主语不相同,不能变成分词结构,写作时,根据自己的需要,调整成一致的主语,变为:
老师进教室时,老师看到同学们在读英语。
这样,就可以改写成分词句了。
Enteringintotheclassroom,theteacherfoundtheSsreadingEnglish.
.2.那时舅舅抱着我,哄着我,觉得很温暖。
(主语切换)
Inthosedays,sittinginmyuncle’slap,beinghumoredalltheway,Iwasfeelingverygood.
主语切换就是说,汉语中每个句子或成分的主语可以随便变换,但是在英语中,一般不随意更换句子的主语,这样在翻译或写作时,就要把汉语中不同的句子或成分的主语进行改变,把他们的主语调整成一个相同的主语,这样就可以使用分词结构了。
这句就成了“那时,我坐在舅舅的怀抱里,整天被他哄着,我感到很温暖。
”humor迎合,哄
三、汉语中的谓语并列,或有几个或一些列的动词并列时,原则上都可以改写成分词结构,尤其是一些列的动作有明显的先后时间关系时,都可以改写成分词结构。
.1.Thegirlcried,andshethrewthegiftoutofthewindow.
.2.Thegirlcriedasshethrewthegiftoutofthewindow.
.3.Thegirlcried,throwingthegiftoutofthewindow.
.4.Crying,thegirlthrewth