定远县育才学校届新高三英语暑假特训卷02含答案.docx
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定远县育才学校届新高三英语暑假特训卷02含答案
定远县育才学校2021届新高三英语暑假特训卷02
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C或D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
A
Afewyearsago,AdinaLichtmanwashandingoutsandwichesonthestreetsofNewYorkCitytohelppeopleexperiencinghomelessness。
Oneman,gratefulforthesandwich,approachedherandofferedasurprisingidea.
“It'sgreatthatyou’regivingoutsandwiches,”hesaid,“butonethingwereallyneedissocks,especiallyaswinterapproaches.”
“HereIwas,sandwichesinhand,thinkingIknewthebestwaytohelppeople,"Lichtmansaid。
“Itwasapowerfullesson,andIwantedtoputitintoaction。
"
Shebeganthatnight,withasimplestep:
goingdoor—to-dooronthefloorofherdormitoryatNewYorkUniversity,askingherclassmatesiftheycouldeachjustdonate(捐赠)justonepairoftheirownsockstosomeoneexperiencinghomelessness。
Shegot40pairsofsocksinasinglenight,fromasinglefloor。
Thenextmorningsheopenedherdoortofindalotofsocksthatotherpeoplehaddonated.
ThatmorningofficiallykickedoffKnockKnock,GiveaSock(KKGS),anewnonprofit(非营利的)organizationthathasnowprovidedover350,000pairsofsockstothehomelessacrossAmerica.Todate,over50collegesandhighschoolsacrosstheUShavejoinedKKGSovertheyears.
“Whilemanypeopledonateclothing,9outofevery10clothingdonorshaveneverdonatedsocks。
Ontopofthat,peoplewhoaretryingtodonatesocksoftenfinditdifficulttodonateusedsocks,”shesays.“KKGSisoneoftheonlyorganizationsthatcollectsusedsocks。
Wehavevolunteersknockingondoorsoftheirclassmatesinschool,oftheirworkmatesatwork,andevenoftheirneighbors。
”
But,whetheryou’re26or62,youdon’tneedtowaittoorganizeyourownsockdrive,collectsocks,orevenwashandcleansomeofyourowntodonatetoyourlocalshelter,orsomeoneinneedwhoyoumeetonthestreet.
1。
Howdidthehomelessman’swordsaffectLichtman?
A。
TheycausedhertostartKKGS。
B。
Theypushedhertogotocollege.
C.Theyencouragedhertohousethehomeless。
D.Theymadehercontinuetogiveoutsandwiches.
2.HowdidLichtman’sclassmatesreacttoherrequestfordonation?
A.Somerefuseditpolitely。
B。
Theystronglysupportedit。
C。
Somefeltquitesurprisedbyit.
D。
Theyconsidereditunreasonable。
3。
Whatadvicedoestheauthoroffertopeople?
A.Takeactioninsmallways.
B。
Startyourownorganization.
C.Makedonationsfromanearlyage。
D.Findcreativewaystohelppeople。
B
Formostofus,thereisnodebate—bananasareyellow。
Colorisn’tasobjectiveasyoumightthinkthough。
Ourbraindecideswhatcolorwearelookingatbasedonthelightthatcomesintooureyes,andhowweseecolorsactuallyvariesalot.
Therearemanywayscolorcanconfuseourbrains。
Positioningandshadingcanchangewhatwethinkwearelookingat。
Twopeoplecanseethesamethingverydifferentlybecauseofhowourbrainsdealwithlight.
Howweseecolor,however,isgovernedbymuchmorethanjustourbodies.Ouremotionsoreventhetimeofyear,canchangehowoureyesandbrainsreacttowhatwesee.Yellowlooksdifferenttousdependingontheseason,accordingtoscientistsattheUniversityofYork。
Inthesummeryellowappearsmore“greenish”whereasinthewinteryellowappearsmore“reddish”.Thisistheresultoflivinginanenvironmentwherethelevelofgreenlightincreasesinthesummer.Whenthetreesarefullofleaves,oureyesneedtoadapt.Withextragreenallaroundus,ourbrainhastorecheckitsunderstandingofyellow。
ResearchersinRochester,NewYorkhavefoundthatfeelingsadcanimpactonyourabilitytoidentify(辨别)colors.Participantswereshownsomesmallpiecesofclothwhichhadmost,butnotall,ofthecolorsremovedfromthem。
Later,theywereaskedtoidentifywhatcolortheywerelookingat。
AgroupwhohadwatchedthedeathofMufasainTheLionKingfoundithardertopickoutblueandyellowthanotherswhohadnotseenthefilm。
Psychologistsbelievethatdopamine-whichcontrolsourbrain’srewardandpleasurecenters—hasanimpactonhowweidentifythesecolors.Sowhilecolormightseemtobeoneofthesimplestthingsinourworld,itisactuallyamysteryscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtosolve.
4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?
A.Whyweseecolorsdifferently。
B。
Howourbrainsreceivecolors。
C.Whycolorsaffectouremotions.D。
Howpeoplecanidentifycolors。
5。
Whichofthefollowingisunabletoaffectpeople’sabilitytoidentifycolors?
A.Position.B.Intelligence。
C。
Environment。
D.Feeling。
6。
Yellowlooksdifferentinsummerandwinterbecauseof___________.
A。
people'sdifferentsightB.thedifferenttemperatures
C.thedifferentlevelsofgreenlightD.people’sdifferentbodyconditions
7。
Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A。
Thesadfeelingweakenspeople'sabilitytoidentifycolors.
B。
Wecanfindoutthesecretofdopamineinsomemovies。
C.Scientistshavefoundtheanswertothecolormystery.
D。
Therearemanywaysthatcolorcanentertainourbrains.
C
Nursesplayavitalroleonthefrontlinesofthenovelcoronavirus(冠状病毒)pandemic.ButashortageoftheseessentialhealthcareworkerscouldposechallengesincountriesdealingwithagrowingnumberofCOVID-19cases。
”OneofthelessonsIhopetheworldlearnsfromCOVID—19isthatwemustinvestinnurses,"saidWorldHealthOrganizationDirector-GeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesusduringaspeechTuesdayincelebrationofWorldHealthDay.
WHO’snew”StateoftheWorld’sNursing2020”reporthasidentifiedaglobalshortageof5。
9millionnurses。
ManyofthosegapsarefoundinAfrica,SoutheastAsia,theEasternMediterranean,andpartsofLatinAmerica.
Amongregionsoftheworld,theAmericashavethehighestdensityofnursesat83。
4per10,000people,followedbyEuropewith79.3nursesper10,000people.Incontrast,thereare8。
7nursesper10,000peopleinAfrica,15。
6nursesper10,000peopleintheEasternMediterraneanregion,16。
5nursesper10,000peopleinSoutheastAsia,and36nursesper10,000peopleintheWesternPacific.
Buttherearealsodifferenceswithinregions。
IntheAmericas,forexample,countriessuchasBrazil,Canada,Chile,andtheUShaveahigherdensityofnursesatclosetoorover100per10,000people,distortingtheregionalaverage。
Manyoftheneighboringcountriesintheregionhavelessthan50nursesper10,000people。
InHaiti,thereareonly3。
8nursesper10,000people.
Whenbasedoncountryincome,datainthereportshowsanunsurprisingtrend:
Thehighertheincome,thehigherthenursingdensity.Inlow-incomecountries,theaveragedensityofnursesis9。
1per10,000people,whilethefigureforhigh-incomecountriesis107.7per10,000people.
Buttrainingmorenurseswon’tsolvetheproblem,saidDr.GiorgioCometto,WHOcoordinatoronhumanresourcesforhealthpoliciesandstandards。
"Ifthecountrylackstheeconomiccapacitytoemploythemortocreateeconomicopportunitiesforthemtoworkasnurses。
。
.trainingmorenursescanjustgointothedirectionofmakinglabormarketimbalances,resultinginunemploymentamongnurses.Andthat'sahugewastageofhumancapitalaswellasfinancialresources,"Comettosaid。
Thekeyisbalancingtrainingwiththecreationofemploymentopportunitiesinruralareaswherethereareknownhealthworkershortages。
Thatmaybeeasiersaidthandone,especiallyamongcountriesthataresufferingfromchronicorcomplexemergencies,inactiveconflict,orstrugglinginthewakeofconflict.Butinthesesettings,theinternationalaidcommunitycanarrangeitsassistancewithnationalprioritiesandcoveringrecurrentcosts,suchassalaries,withinaspecifiedperiodoftime,Comettosaid。
8。
HowmanynursesareneededaccordingtoWHO'snew”StateoftheWorld’sNursing2020"report?
A。
6million.B。
8。
7Million.
C。
3.8Million.D。
5.9Million.
9。
Fromthefiguresinthepassage,wherearenursesmostneeded?
A.Africa。
B.Haiti.
C。
EasternMediterraneanregion.D。
SoutheastAsia。
10。
Basedonthecountryincomewhatdoesthedatainthereportshow?
A.Thehighertheincome,themorenursesare.
B.Thehighertheincome,themoredoctorsare.
C.Thelowertheincome,themoredoctorsare.
D。
Thelowertheincome,themorenursesare。
11.FromwhatComettosaid,weknowthat___。
A。
Itiseasytosolvetheproblemofshortageofnurses。
B。
Itisnoteasytosolvetheproblemofshortageofnurses.
C。
Trainingmorenursesisawaytosolvetheproblem。
D.Theinternationalaidcommunitycanarrangeitsassistanceallthetime.
D
Ifyou’veeverbeenonafishingboat,you’veprobablyseencrowdsofbirdsfollowingit,hopingtocatchasnack。
Nowscientistsusethosebirds’behaviortotrackillegalfishingboats。
Researchersattacheddataloggerstothebacksof169albatrosses(信天翁)inIndianoceans。
Weighingonly42grams,thedevicesincludedaGPS,whichenabledthemtodetectthepresenceandintensityofradarsignalsemittingfromboats.Thatinformationwasthensentbysatellite,sotheresearcherscouldtrackthelocationofthebirds—andthustheradar—emittingboats—inrealtime。
Thescientiststhencross-checkedthatdataagainsttheknownlocationsofboats,collectedfromasystemboatsusetodeclarethemselves,calledtheAutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS)。
Andnoticeabledifferencesappearedfrequently.
Morethanathirdofthetimesthebirds“loggers”detectedradarsignals,andthereforeaboat,butnosuchboatappearedintheofficiallog—meaningthatthevehicleshadlikelyswitchedofftheirAIS—somethingthatprobablyhappensinillegalfishingoperations.
Theworksuggestsbirdscouldbeaneffectiveboat-monitoringtoolaslongasillegalfishingoperationsdon’ttargetthebirds.