口语突破英语的时态和语态.docx
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口语突破英语的时态和语态
英语的时态和语态
概念：
在英语中不同时间发生的动作谓语动词的表达形式也不一样，这就是时态。
时态和时间紧密相连。
目标：
口语突破语法。
实施步骤：
【1:
弄懂语法含义及构成2:
收集实用句子3:
反复操练句子4:
举一反三】
一：
现在进行时
概念：
表示现在正在进行和发生的动作。
构成：
be（am,is,are）+现在分词
现在分词的构成：
1）一般在动词后面直接加-ing：
eating,drinking,reading
2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing：
come-coming,write-writing
3）需要双写最后一个字母的：
shop-shoppingsit-sittingstop-stoppingrun-runningswim-swimmingget-gettingbegin-beginningplan-planninghit-hitting
beg-beggingput-puttingtravel-travellingwin-winning
cut—cuttingwrap-wrappingskip—skippingclap—clappingregret—regrettingforget--forgetting
例句：
1:
I’mworkingonit.2:
He’slookingforapart-timejob.
3:
Sheiscooking/sleeping.4:
Theyaretalkingaboutyou.
5:
WearehavingEnglishclass.Canyoucallagainlater?
6:
It’sraininghard/again/outside.
7:
What’ssofunny?
Whyareyoulaughing?
8:
Thephoneisringing.Pleaseansweritforme.I’mtakingashower.
9:
Whoareyoutakingto?
I’mtalkingtomymother.
10:
You’remakinggreatprogressinEnglish.你的英语有了很大的进步。
（练习：
用lookfor,waitfor,talkabout练习造句）
特殊语法一：
现在进行时表示将来：
1:
I’mleaving/coming.2:
Myparentsarecomingtoseeme.
3:
HeisleavingforHktomorrow.4:
Whatareyoudoinglater?
5:
I’mnotworkingnextweek.6:
We’rehavingapartynextweekend.
7:
I’mnotgoingouttonight.I’mstayingathome.
8:
Whatareyoudoinglater?
特殊用法二：
与always，constantly等连用，含有说话人的主观色彩：
1:
Youarealwayscomplaining.
2:
Sheisalwayschanginghermind.
3:
Iamalwaysforgettingpeople’snames.
4:
You’realwayswatchingTV,You’realwaysplayingcomputergames.
请随时随地脱口而出下列句子：
1:
Whatareyoudoing?
5:
I’mreading./working.
2:
What’shedoing?
6:
Mymotheriscooking/sleeping.
3:
Whataretheydoing?
7:
I’mnotgoing.
4:
Whereareyougoing?
9:
Sheisgettingfatterandfatter.
10:
It’sgettinghotterandhotter.
11:
Everday,ineveryway,I’mgettingbetterandbetter.
二：
过去进行时
概念：
表示过去某个时刻或某个阶段正在进行的动作。
构成：
was/were+现在分词
1:
Whatwereyoudoingatthistimelastnight?
2:
ItwasraininghardwhenIwenttoschoolthismorning.
3:
TheyweretalkingaboutmewhenIcamein.
4:
Iwastakingashowerwhenyoucalled.
5:
TheywerewatchingTVwhenthelightswentout.
6:
Iwashavingdinnerwithmyfriendat8o’clockyesterday.
7:
Shewassleepingatthistimelastnight.
8:
MymotherwaswaitingformewhenIgothome.
9:
IwasshoppingatthemarketwhenImetmyEnglishteacher.
10:
Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?
Sorry,Iwasn’tlistening.
11:
Icalledyouyesterdaymorningbutyouweren’tathome,wherewereyou?
三：
一般现在时
一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或反复性发生的动作，陈述事实及现在的状态
构成：
动词用原形，但主语是第三人称单数时动词要加-s
【主语是he,she,it,Tom,Tom’sfather等时】
动词第三人称单数的变化;
1）
一般在动词后加-s：
sing—sings,like—likes
2）以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变-y为i再加-es：
study-studiesworry—worriescarry---carries
3）以o,s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，要加-es：
do—doesgo—goeswash—washeswatch—watches
一：
表示主语所具备的性格、特征、状态及喜好：
1:
I’manofficeworker.2:
Hermotherisanurse.
3:
Heistallandthin.4:
Weareofficerworkers.
5:
SheisfromAmerica.6:
Theyaremyneighbours.
7:
Igotoworkonfooteveryday.8:
Heworkshard.
9:
Shelivesnearhere.10:
Theyworkovertimeeveryday.
11:
Thegirllookslikehermother.12:
Theboyhatesgoingtoschool.
二：
表示经常性和习惯性的动作：
（常与频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等连用）
1:
Mymothergetsupearlyeveryday.
2:
Heoftenstaysuplate.
3:
Sheusuallygoestoworkbybike.
4:
Mysonoftendoesherhomeworkatthelastminute.
5:
Theysometimestravelduringsummerholiday.
6:
IpracticeEnglisheverymorning.
三：
表示早已列入时刻表的事件
1:
SchoolstartsonSept.1st.2:
Thebusrunsevery10minutes
3:
Thetrainleavesat8tomorrowmorning.4:
What’stomorrow’sdate?
5:
Whatdayisittomorrow?
6:
Whenisyourbirthday?
四：
表示客观真理：
1:
Timeisprecious.2:
Healthisbetterthanwealth.
3:
Practicemakesperfect.
4:
Mothersalwaysworryabouttheirchildren.
【请脱口而出下面的句子】
Everyonewantstosucceed.
Everybodymakessuchmistakessometimes.
Thathappens.
Thedishtastesdelicious.
Theshopopensat9o’clockandclosesat6o’clock.
Areyoufreenow?
【举例说明一般现在时否定句和疑问句的变化】：
1）I’mateacher.
I’mnotateacher?
-->Areyouateacher?
-->Yes,Iam/No,I’mnot.
2）Sheisanurse.
Sheisn’tanurse.-Issheanurse?
-->Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.
3）Theyarestudents.
Theyaren’tstudents.-->Aretheystudents?
-->Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
4）Iliketravelling.
-Idon’tliketravelling.-Doyouliketravelling?
-Yes,Ido./No,Idon/t.
5）Heworkshard.
-->Hedoesn’tworkhard.-Doesheworkhard?
-->Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
【一般疑问句】
一：
Doyou….?
DoyoulikeChinesefood?
Doyouhaveanyhobbies?
Doyouseehimoften?
Doyougetupearly?
Doyoudrink?
Doyouoftengoshopping?
二：
Does……?
Doesheloveyou?
Doesshelivenearhere?
DoesTomspeakEnglish?
Doesyourmothercallyouoften?
Doesyoursonstudyhard?
Doesyourwifework?
DoesheteachEnglish?
DoesshehaveaBF?
【特殊疑问句】
1）Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?
2）Whatdoesthissignmean?
3）Whatdoestoday’snewssay?
4）WhatdoyoulikebestaboutChina?
5）Wheredoyoulive/work?
6）Wheredoyoucomefrom?
7）Howdoyougotoworkeveryday?
8）Howdoyoulikeit?
9）Whendoyougotowork/getoffwork?
10）Whendoesthemeetingstart?
11）Whydoyoulikesuchaperson?
12）Whydoyouhavetotellherthetruth?
13）WhydoyouthinkSZisabadplacetolive?
14）WhydoyoucometoChina?
15）Whydon’twehavefun?
16）Whydon’tyoulikeher?
17）Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?
18）WhichplacedoyoulikebestinChina?
19）Howoldisyourdaughter?
20）Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?
21）Howmuchmoneydoyouneed?
22）Howmuchisit?
Howmucharethey?
23）HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?
24）Howfarisitfromheretoyourcompany?
25）Howoftendoyoucallyourfamily?
26）Howsoonwillyoucomeback?
【额外奉送】一般现在时对于描述自己的情况很有用;
（一）Self-introduction自我介绍
Helloeveryday.MynameisLily.I’mfromChina.IliveinBeijing.IloveEnglish.IreadEnglisheveryday.IyellEnglisheveryday.My
favouritesportaretennisandswimming.Myfatherisadoctorandmymotherisateacher.WeareallinterestedinEnglish.DoyoulikeEeglish?
Ihopewecanbefriends.
（二）Self-introduction
Ihave2children.Mysonis8,hestudiesinaprimaryschool.My
daughteris15,shestudiesinamiddleschool.I’matecher,Iworkina
university.Mywifeworksinahospital.Wehaveahappyfamily.
（三）Alice
Aliceisaveryoutgoinggirl,shelikesmusic,shepalysbasketball,shespendsalotofmoneyonclothes.shegoestomovies,andsheoftengoestonightclub,sheknowsmanypeople,sheisverypopular.
Alicedoesn’tstayhomealoneveryoften,shedoesn’treadbooks,shedoesn’twatchTV,shedoesn’tlistentomusic.Sheisveryactive,Shelikestalkonthephone,everyonelikesAlice.
（四）MysisterandI
MysisterandIareverydifferent.I’manofficeworker,she’sasecretaryinasmallcompany.IliveinGZ,shelivesinSZ,IhaveaBF,shelivesalone.I’mrich,sheispoor.Myfatherlikesme,mymotherlikesmysister.Aloughwearedifferent,welikeeachother.
四：
一般过去时
一：
含义：
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般有明显的表示过去时间的状语。
如：
yesterday,lastnight,thismorning,lastweek/month/year,justnow,then（那时），atthatmoment,2yearsago,in1999.等等。
二：
一般过去时的构成，动词要用过去式:
1）系动词
am,iswas（否定式wasn’t）,are-were（否定式weren’t）
2）实义动词一般加-ed.如：
worked;lived;studied.
3）不规则动词要分别记忆：
如：
go—went;do—did,take-took
1:
Wherewereyoulastnight?
2:
Hewasherejustnow.
3:
IwasshywhenIwasyoung.4:
Youwerelateagain.
5:
Shewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.6：
Shewaslateforworkyesterday.
7:
Wewentshoppinglastnightandboughtalotofthings.
8:
Heworkedherelastyear.9:
TheymovedtoHKlastmonth.
10:
Wewenttothemovieslastnight,butthefilmwasn’tverygood.Wedidn’tenjoyit.Wewastedourtimeandmoney.
11:
Ididn’thavebreakfastthismorning.
12:
Didyouwatchthenewslastnight?
14:
Didyouhaveagoodtimelastnight?
13:
Whydidn’tyoutellme?
15:
Wheredidyouspendyourholiday?
16:
Howdidyousleeplastnight?
17:
Whatdidyoudothismorning?
18:
WhendidyoucometoChina?
19:
Howwasyourtrip?
20:
Whocalledme?
Whosaidthat?
【一般过去时的否定句和疑问句的变化】
1:
Iwasintheofficethismorning.-
Iwasn’tintheofficeinthemorning.
Wereyouintheofficeinthemorning?
Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.
2:
TheywereinAmericaatthistimelastyear.-
Theyweren’tinAmericaatthistimelastyear?
WeretheyinAmericaatthistimelastyear>
Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.
3:
Iboughtalotofthingsyesterday.-->
Ididn’tbuyalotofthingsyesterday.
Didyoubuyalotofthingsyesterday?
Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.
额外附送：
短文突破一般过去时
Pleasantweekend
Iwanttotellyoumyweekend.Itwasreallygreat.Iwentcampingwithsomeofmycolleagues.WeleftearlyonSundaymorninganddrovetothemountains.Wehikedforanhourtoabeautifullake.Wewentswimming,wecookedoveracampfire,andwesleptoutside.Wetoldstoriesandsangsongsuntilaftermidnight.Nextmorning,wemadeabigbreakfast,wewentotherplaces,andthenwepackedupourthings,hikedbacktothecar,andcamehome.Weweretotallytired,butwehadareallygreattime.
五：
一般将来时
概念：
表示在将来某个时候将要发生的动作，或将要做某事的计划和打算。
常和表示将来的时间状语连用，
如tomorrow,nextday//week/year,soon,thedayaftertomorrow等。
构成：
1）will+动词原形（即时所作出的决定）
2）begoingto句型（表示按计划、安排要做的事）
1:
Sorry,I’mbusynow,I’llcallyoubacklater.
2:
I’lltakeit.3:
I’lltakeyouradvice.
4:
I’llfindoutwhodidthis.5:
I’llmissallofyou.
6:
I’llbereadyin5minutes.7:
I’llthinkaboutit.
8:
Thetrainwillarriveat8o’clock.I’llbeheresoon
9:
He’llgoouttoplaywithhisfriendsafterschool.
10:
Shewillcometoseemetomorrow.
11:
Theywillcomeherethisevening,they’llcomebytrain.
12:
It’s
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