往复泵外文翻译.docx
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往复泵外文翻译
往复泵外文翻译
ChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,Vol.40,Nos.11–12,20XX年*****SORS,PUMPS,
*****RATION*****RING*****GPISTONPUMPSFOROIL*****ION
B.S.Zakharov,1G.N.Sharikov,2andE.G.Kormishin2
Thethree-plungeracidtreatmentpumpSIN32andthetwo-cylinderdouble-actingpumpNPTs-32withfourworkingchambers(forcementingunits)havebeenupdatedtocontrolpumpdelivery.Thefluiddeliverydiagramsforpumpsofvariousdesignsareexaminedandthetestresultsarereported.
Indrillingandoilproduction,single-actingthree-plunger(triplex)pumpsordouble-actingtwo-cylinder(duplex)pumpsareused.Ininjectingreagents(claydrillingmud,water,cement,acid,etc.)intowells,dependingonthetechnologyapplied,itisrequiredtoinjectthefluidinamountsrangingfromthemaximumtotheminimuminasingleoperation.Ifthebedacceptstheinjectedfluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytomaximizepumpdeliveryforquickcompletionoftheoperation.Ifontheotherhand,thebeddoesnotacceptthefluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytoreducepumpdeliverysoastorestricttheinjectionpressuretothesafelimit.Atpresent,becauseofwearofwell(down-hole)equipment,thepermissibleinjectionpressureisnothigherthan10–15MPa..Thedeliveryofapiston(reciprocating)oraplunger(displacement)typeofpumpcanbecontrolledinthefollowingways:
-byinstallingseveralpumpswithidenticalordifferentpumpingcapacities;-bychangingthedriverotationspeed;-byusingcylinders(plungers)oftherequiredsize;-bychannelingapartofthefluidintoabypass;and-bydismountingoneorseveralvalves.Thefirstversionisusedessentiallyindrilling.Inoilproduction,generallyallversionsareusedeitherindividuallyorinsomecombination.Allpumpingunitsdesignedforinjectionofvariousfluids(fluidalmaterials)forcementing,hydraulicformationfracturing,hydraulicsand-jetflushingofsandbridges,andotherflushingoperationsinoilandgaswellsaremountedonthechassisofmotorvehicles(trucks),tractors,caterpillar(tracked)carriers,andspeciallymadecarriages.Theoperatingparametersofthepumps(deliveryandinjectionpressure)dependonthepowerofthedriveandmaximumandminimumspeedoftheengineandthepump.Thepumpdeliverycanbechangedbychangingthenumberofpumpstrokeswithoutstoppingtheenginewiththehelpofagearbox(bygearshifting)andwithstoppingoftheenginebyinstallingcylindersoftherequiredsize.Replacementofthecylinderstakesalotoftimeandisnotalwayspossibleinacontinuousechnologicalprocess.Intheexistingpumpingplants,thedeliveryvariationrangeisinadequate.Attheminimumrotationspeedandcylinderdiameter,thedeliveryremainsextremelyhigh,andforinjectingthefluidintothebedthepressurehastoberaisedabovewhatispermissible.
AssignedbyNGDUZainskneft’,Ékogermetcarriedoutupdatingoftwotypesofpumps,namely,SIN32andNPTs-32.Inthethree-plunger(triplex)acidtreatmentpumpSIN32,forreducingtheminimumdeliverydownto1.0m3/h,plungershavingadiameterof125mmwerereplacedwithplungershavingadiameterof55mm.Asaresult,thetheoreticalpumpdeliverywasreducedfrom16downto3.3m3/h.Furtherreductionofthepumpdeliverywasachievedbyreducingtherotationspeedofthevehicleenginetothepossibleminimum(500–600rpm).Simultaneouslywiththis,anewdesignofpackingglands(sealingdevices)ofplungersoftheUPN55typewasdeveloped.ItwasbasedonZakharovmechanicalseal,whichdemonstratedhighreliabilityanddurabilityinsucker-rod(oil)pumps.Thesealingunitsandthepistonswithadiameterof55mmweremadefortheSIN32pumpbyÉLKAMneftemashinPerm.ItsfinishingandtestingweredonebyÉkogermetjointlywithNGDUZainskneft’.ThedesignoftheUPN55-typeplungersealisshowninFig.1.Thecombinedsealconsistsofthemainthreestagemechanicalseal4andanelasticsealingcollar2.Eachstageofthemechanicalsealconsistsoftenringsthatareelasticallypressedagainsteachotherandsimultaneouslyagainsttheplungersurface.Theringsarepressedagainsttheplungerinpairsfromtheoppositesides.Thenextpairisturnedrelativetotheprecedingoneby90º.Theringsarepressedintheaxialdirectionbyrubberringsofroundcrosssectionandintheradialdirection,byrubbergirdleswitheccentriccollars.Theplunger5ismadeofsteel45andischromium-platedandthesealingringsareofbronze.Threecartridgeswithmechanicalsealswereinstalledinthehousingbore3withaclearancethathelpsself-centeringofthesealsrelativetotheplunger.Thecartridgesarepressedtogetherbyaroundnut1throughabushingwiththesealingcollar2.Thereareholesinthehousingforinjectingoilanddrainingouttheoverflowintothereceiving(suction)lineofthepump.Incontrasttothewell-knownelasticglands,themechanicalsealdoesnotrequireperiodicadjustmentsandensuresreliableoperationoftheassemblyoveralongperiod.UseoftheupdatedSIN32pumphavingaUPN55typeofmechanicalplungersealsconfirmedthattheproposeddesignoperationallyfit.FromAugustthroughDecember20XX年,NGDUZainskneft’carriedoutsevenbottom-holetreatments(BHT)ofsixwellsusingtheupdatedSIN32pump.Differenttypesoftechnologicaloperationswerecarriedoutinthewells:
mudacidBHT,muriatic(hydrochloric)acidBHT,injectionofthereagentsSNPKh-9021,*****,andRMD,forwhichSIN32andATs-32pumpingunitsweregenerallyused.Ifacidoranyotherreagentcouldnotbeforcedthrough(injected)at12–15MPapressure,alow-capacityunitwasconnectedwiththeSIN32pump.Inthatcase,theinjectionpressuredroppedby2–4MPa。
Injectionwascompletedatthethird-gearspeedoftheengine.
TheNGDUtechnologistsbelievethatconnectingalow-deliveryunitwithanSIN32pumpoffersthefollowingadvantages:
-possibilityforcontinuousinjectionofacidsandreagentsincaseoflowintakecapacityofthebedandforpreventionofopeningupofthefractures(hydraulicfracturing)ofthecollectorandexcessiveriseinflowstringtestingpressure;-extendedoperatinglifeoftheflowstringbyvirtueofpressurestabilizationduringinjection;and-actionoftheacidthroughouttheperforationperiodandmorecompletereactionwiththerockwhentheacidinfiltratesthebed.SincethemaximallypossibledeliveryoftheSIN32pumpisreducedatleastfivefold,NGDUZainskneft’proposedtoperformallBHTsbyinjectingacidsintothebedwiththeaidofalow-capacityunitandallotheroperations,withastandardunit.Inthatcase,however,itwouldbenecessarytoplaceinthewell,insteadofone,twounits,whichhavetobehandled,bytwoteams,i.e.,itwillentailadditionalmanpowerandcosts.Moreover,alow-capacityunitisnotalwaysfullyutilized(doesnotoperatetofullcapacity)andoftenstalls.Thus,foraspecificsizeofthecylinderitisnecessarytoreducethepumpdeliverydowntotheminimumand,consequently,tobroadentherangeofcontrolofthepumpcapacitytowarditsreductionwhilemaintainingmaximallypossibledelivery.Inmultichamberpumps,thisissueisresolvedbyshuttingdown(disengaging)oneorseveralworkingchambers.Induplexplungerpumps,disengagingoneortwochamberswillcausesignificantlyunevendelivery,hydraulicshocks,disruptionofthebalanceofloadsonthedrive,andfailureofthepump.Indouble-actingtwo-cylinder(duplex)pumpshavingfourworkingchambersoftheNPTs-32(9T)type,whichareinstalled,forexample,inATs-32cementingunits,thedeliverycanbereducedbydisengagingtworodchambers,whichisachievedbyremovingtwodelivery(pressure)valves(Fig.2).ThedeliveryoftheNPTs-32typeofpump(duplex)havingfourchambersisQ=2(2F–ƒ)Sn,whereFisthecross-sectionalareaofthecylinderwithadiameterDc,dm2;ƒisthecross-sectionalareaoftherodwithadiameterdr,dm2;Sisthestrokelength,dm;andnisthenumberofdoublestrokesperminute.Ifthedelivery(pressure)valvesareremovedfromtherodchambers,thefour-chamberpumpturnsintoatwo-chamberonewithdifferentiallyactingcylinders.ThedeliveryofsuchapumpQ1=2FSn.
Ifthevalvesfromthefrontchambersareremoved,thepumpdeliverycanbedeterminedbytheequationQ2=2(F–ƒ)Sn.Reductionofdeliverybydisengagingtherear(rod)chambersdependsonthefactork1=(2–ƒ/F)andbydisengagingthefrontchambers,onthefactork2=[2+ƒ/(F–ƒ)].Itcanbereadilyseenthatforreducingdeliverythefrontchambershavetobedisengaged.However,theoryandpracticeshowthatdisengagementoftherodchambersismoreadvisable.Thus,inNPTs-32typeofpumphavingcylindersof90,100,115,and127mmdiameterandrodsof45mmdiameterthedeliverycanbereduced1.75–1.87timesbyremovingthevalvesfromtherodchambers.Atlowloads(pressuredropnotmorethan15MPaandminimaldelivery),theengineofthemotorvehicleKrAZ-250canrunsteadilyatarotationspeedof550rpm.Inthesecondgearwithminimumenginerotationspeed,thedeliveryofapumpwithacylinderof90mmdiametercanbereduceddownto1.0m3/h.UnliketheSIN32pump,thedeliveryoftheNPTs-32pumpcanbecontrolledduringthetechnologicaloperationandreducingorraisingthedeliverycanchangethepumpoutput.Removalandinstallationoftwovalvesdonottaketoolong.Letusseehowtheuniformityofpumpdeliverywillchangeuponremovalofthevalves.Itiswellknownthattheinstantaneousoutputofasingle-cylindersingle-actingpumpisq=Frsiná=0.5FSsiná,whereristheradiusofthecrankandáisthecrankshaft-turningangle.Theratioofthemaximuminstantaneousdeliverytotheaver