能源学术英语综合教程2教师手册Unit 4 TB.docx

能源学术英语综合教程2教师手册Unit 4 TB.docx

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能源学术英语综合教程2教师手册Unit4TB

Unit4

EnergyandFuture

Listeningandspeaking

Listening

1

1-4FTFT

2

1）concentration

2）blanket

3）humanity

4）enhanced

5）underground

6）cycle

7）methane

8）exhausts

9）melt

10）moreextreme

Transcript

Inthevideowewilllearnhowtheburningoffossilfuelshasaddedextracarbondioxidetotheatmosphere,andwewillseehowthisleadstoclimatechange,human-inducedclimatechange,orglobalwarming.

Weneedtounderstandsomethingaboutburningfossilfuels.Fossilfuels,likeoil,coalandnaturalgasaretheremainsofthelivingthingsformillionsofyearsago.They’remainlycomposedofcarbonwithvaryingamountsofhydrogen.Ifyoucollectalltheexhaustgasesfromyourcarduringajourneyandsquashthemintoabottlesothattheycanbeweighed,comparedwiththeweightofpetrolburned,theexhaustgaseswillweighmuchheavier,becauseoxygenfromtheairhasbeenadded.

Here’sabitofapetrolmolecule‒H2CCH2.Itjoinswithsixoxygenatomsorthreemoleculestobuilduphydrogenoxideorwatervaporandcarbondioxide,anothertwomolecules.

Beforetheworldbecameindustrializedbyburningfossilfuels,carbondioxideconcentrationintheatmospherewasabout0.28%,tinycomparedwithoxygenat21%andnitrogenat78%,butenoughtokeepuswarm.Withoutthisnaturalblanketofinsulatinggas,theearthwouldbetoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.Butthiscarbondioxidereleasedwhenfossilfuelsburnaddstotheexistingcarbondioxidelevelswhicharenownearly50%higherthaninpre-industrialtimes.

Althoughwegetadailysupplyofheatfromthesun,theearthnormallylosesthisatnightandinthecoolseasons,sothattheaveragetemperatureoftheearthremainsconstant.Butthisstatusquoisstartingtochange.Ashumanityaddscarbondioxideintoouratmosphere,itisasifwe’reputtingasweateraroundtheplanet.Theextralayerisolatestheheatanditcannotescapeaseasily.Whileit’seasytotakeoffyoursweater,theearthcannotloseitsgreenhousegasesasquickly,andwekeepaddingtothem.

Byputtingourplanetinasweatbox,we’recausingwide-rangingconsequencesforourclimate.Somepeoplethinkthatlivingthingscontributetotheenhancedgreenhouseeffect,astheybreatheoutcarbondioxide.Butthiscarbonhascomefromtheirfood,andthat’scomefromplants,whichtookcarbonfromtheatmosphere.

Evenburningwooddoesn’tcontributetotheenhancedgreenhouseeffect,aslongasthetreesyoucutdownarereplanted.However,thecarboninfossilfuelshasremainedtrappedundergroundforhundredsofmillionsofyears,soitisextracarbonthat’sbeenaddedtothenaturalcycle.

We’realsothrowingawayothergasesintotheatmospherewhichhelptrapinfraredradiationandsoalsoenhancethenaturalgreenhouseeffect.They’remethane,especiallyfrompaddyfieldsandfromcows,andnitrousoxidefromcarexhausts.

Whydoesthisriseintemperaturecauseourclimatetochange?

Wellthere’sextraenergytrappedon（the）earth,alreadycausingglaciersandicecapstomelt.Withmoreenergyintheatmosphere,weatherbecomesmoreextreme,sotherearemorefloods,droughts,andstorms.Wehaverecordedrecordglobaltemperaturesatthestartofthe21stcentury.

Soinsummary,werecalledthatthenaturalgreenhouseeffectisagoodthingandkeepstheearthwarmenoughforlifetoexist.However,burningfossilfuelscontainingcarbonthat’sremainedundergroundforhundredsofmillionsofyearshasextracarbondioxide‒agreenhousegastotheatmosphere.Wehavepollutedtheatmospherewithothergreenhousegasestoosuchasmethane.Allthesegasesenhancethenaturalgreenhouseeffectandcauseglobalwarmingandclimatechange.

Speaking

2

1Icelandgets85%ofthecountry’selectricityfromtheearth’sheat.Iceland’selectricitysupplyis100%renewableanddependsongeothermalenergyandhydropower.

2StanfordprofessorMarkJacobsonhasconcludedthatUScanmeetits100%ofenergydemandthroughrenewablesby2050throughconcentratedsolarpower,utility-scaleandrooftopphotovoltaic,onshoreandoffshorewind,tidalandconventionalhydropowerandgeothermalwave.

Extensivereading

Integratedexercises

1

1-5:

71675

6-10:

32564

2

1）boom

2）reduced

3）cost-efficient

4）fuel

5）jobs

6）tradedeficit

7）energy-intensive

8）diminished

9）MiddleEastern

10）getintheway

4

1能源部门

2石油生产

3大胆的预测

4石油进口

5真正的繁荣

6妨碍；阻碍

7能源独立；能源自主

8石油供应中断

9重大转变

10历届美国政府

11水平钻井

12水力压裂

13油气储量

14燃油经济性

15经济利益

16贸易逆差

17天然气出口

18（比例）占

19另外；此外

20地缘政治利益

21回应；响应

22成本效益方式

23制造业复苏

24能源密集型产业

5

1inresponsetothechallengeofforeigncompetition

2getinthewayofyourstudy

3accountfor6%ofthepopulation

4Thecurrenttradedeficit

5improvefueleconomyandreduceemissions

Intensivereading

Warmingup

1）HowDoSolarPanelsWork?

2）WhatAreSolarPanelsMadeof?

3）HowDoSolarPanelsGenerateElectricity?

4）HowDoesaSolarPanelSystemWork?

Textunderstanding

1

1Nowisthetimetoinstallsolarpanelsonyourhome.

2Whethertheyshouldgosolar,thecostofsolarpanelsandwhetheritisworthwhiletomaketheinvestment.

3Generaltospecific.

2

1）oldest

2）dropbytwo-thirdsormore

3）during15-25years

4）3%-4%

5）inflationinyourpowerbill

6）asolarpanellease

7）purchaseagreement

8）expire

9）reducedcostsandgenerousrebates

10）greenerandsafer

3

Paras.3-6CD

Paras.7-8CD

Paras.9-10A

Paras.11-12CDF

Paras.13-14F

4

1Youcansavemoneyandtheenvironmentbygoingsolar.

2ConsideraDIYsolarpanelkit,orworkwithaprofessionalsolarinstallationcompany.

Languagebuilding

1

1-5:

cfija

6-10:

gbdeh

2

1-5:

CCCAA

6-10:

BCACC

3

1consideration

2convert

3additional

4abundant

5calculation

6similarly

7electricity

8regain

9renew

10consumption

4

1resource

2range

3strike

4solar

5utility

6result

5

1retailcost

2residentialsolarpanel

3beconvertedinto

4renewableresource

5electricitybill

6calculatethereturn

7thevastmajorityof

8raiserate

9takeintoconsideration

10tapinto

11professionalinstallationcompany

12dropatprecipitousrate

13grid-basedpower

14cutintoprofitmargins

15taxcredit

16befilteredby

17depreciateovertime

18similarlysituatedproperty

19atafixedrate

20cutcarbonfootprint

6

1Atcurrentsolarpanelprices,takingintoconsiderationincentivesandtaxcredits,theretailcostofanaveragehomesolarpowersystemintheUSrangesfrom$20,000to$40,000.

2Withnetmetering,homeownerswithgrid-tiedsolarpowersystemscanwatchtheirmetersturnbackwardastheygetcreditforadditionalsolarpowergeneratedbutnotused,whichisfedbackintothegrid.

3Lestyouareconcernedaboutinstallingsolarpanelsbecauseyoudonotliveinasunnyregion,considerthattheleadingsolarpowercountryintheworldisGermany,andoneofthetopsolarpowerproducingstatesintheUSisNewJersey!

4Evenifyoudon’twanttopurchaseyourownsolarpanels,youcanenterasolarpanelleaseorasolarpowerpurchaseagreementwherebyyoubuycheapersolarelectricityfromtheownerofthepanelsatafixedrateoverthelifeoftheleaseorcontract.

5Thevastmajorityofgrid-basedelectricitycomesfromburningfossilfuelslikecoalandgas,whichreleasesgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.

7

1Iwouldn’tgosofarastosaythathe’saliar.

2Timefactoriswhatwemustfirsttakeintoconsideration.

3LetmeputdownyourtelephonenumberlestIforgetit.

4ThenewcolorTVwillbeputonthemarketsoon.

5Securitycamerashavebeeninstalledtoguardagainstpoachers.

6Thenumberofreportedcrimesisincreasingatanalarmingrate.

AcademicWriting

Micro-skill:

Referencesandquotations

1

1AccordingtoGoldthauetal.（2019）,politiciansaremorelikelytogiveprioritytoboostingeconomyratherthanconsiderationsofclimatechanges.

2Goldthauetal.arguesthatenergyisthecauseofmanypoliticaldisputes,because“[d]espitetheimpactsofclimatechangebecomingincreasinglyevidentindevastatingcyclones,heatwavesandfloods,politicianswanttoprotectlocaljobsandincumbentindustries,suchascoalandmanufacturing.”（Goldthauetal.2019:

29）.

3AccordingtoGoldthauetal.（2019）,politiciansaremorelikelytogiveprioritytoboostingeconomyratherthanconsiderationsofclimatechanges.Heexplainsthat“[d]espitetheimpactsofclimatechangebecomingincreasinglyevidentindevastatingcyclones,heatwavesandfloods,politicianswanttoprotectlocaljobsandincumbentindustries,suchascoalandmanufacturing.”（Goldthauetal.2019:

29）.

Macro-skill:

Cause-effect

1

Effect（Topic）

UniformsarepopularintheUnitedStates.

Causes

Apersonwearingauniformisregardedasofhigherprofessionalquality.

Examples:

Atelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstowinmoretrust.

Agaragemechanicinauniformlooksmoreskillful.

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.

Examples:

Theysaveonotherclothesandlaundrybills.

Theyaretax-deductible.

Theyaremorecomfortableanddurablethancivilianclothes.

2

Effect（Topic）

SeniorAmericanslovecollegetowns.

Causes

Collegetownsprovideseniorseasyaccesstomanycultural,educationalandrecreationalopportunities.

Collegetownsofferawiderangeofconvenience.

Collegetownsarefreefromairpollution,trafficjams,andhighcrimeratesoftenfoundinlargercities.

Thecostoflivingismuchlowerinsmallercollegecities.

3

Effect（Topic）

Thetouristindustryhasbeendevelopingfastacrosstheworld.

Causes（Origins）

Theindustrialrevolutionmadeitpossibleforpeopletohaveboththemoneyandthetimetotravel.

Greatadvanceswere