UNIT 5.docx

UNIT 5.docx

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UNIT5

UNIT5

教研室：

公共外语教研室教师姓名：

孟庆岩　　　　　　　　

课程名称

新视野大学英语

授课方式

课堂讲授、小组讨论

授课名称

UnitFiveTheBattleAgainstAIDS

授课学时

10

教学目的

1.Toenlargestudents’vocabularyandkeysentencepatterns.

2.Toimprovethestudents’abilitiestoanalyzearticlesbyintroducingthemsomereadingskills.

教学重点

Comprehensionofthetext

ØStressingtheprimarymeaningofthewordsandtheirapplicationsinsentences.

ØInviewofthewholestructureofthetext,themainideaofthetextwillbeunderstoodcorrectly.

Grammar:

Theattributiveclause

Keysentencepatterns

ØDespite

Structuredwriting

ØUsingaproblem-solutionpatterntosupportageneralstatementbasedonthesampleparagraphonpage116.

教学过程

1.Warm-upactivities:

（20minutes）

2.NewWords（45minutes）

3.Understandingthetext（25minutes）

4.Detailedstudiesoftext（90minutes）

5.Grammarandexercises（90minutes）

6.Enrichmentreading（SectionB）（90minutes）

7.Listeningpractice（90minutes）

作业

Assignhomework:

Recitetheappointedparagraph

教学内容

SectionA

I.BackgroundInformation

1.AIDSandHIV

  WhatisAIDS?

AIDSstandsfor:

AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.AIDSisamedicalcondition.ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheirimmunesystemistooweaktofightoffinfections.SinceAIDSwasfirstidentifiedintheearly1980s,anunprecedentednumberofpeoplehavebeenaffectedbytheglobalAIDSepidemic.Today,thereareanestimated33millionpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS

WhatcausesAIDS?

AIDSiscausedbyHIV.HIVisavirusthatgraduallyattacksimmunesystemcells.AsHIVprogressivelydamagesthesecells,thebodybecomesmorevulnerabletoinfections,whichitwillhavedifficultyinfightingoff. ItisatthepointofveryadvancedHIVinfectionthatapersonissaidtohaveAIDS.ItcanbeyearsbeforeHIVhasdamagedtheimmunesystemenoughforAIDStodevelop.

WhatarethesymptomsofAIDS?

ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheyhavedevelopedanAIDS-relatedconditionorsymptom,calledanopportunisticinfection,oranAIDS-relatedcancer.Theinfectionsarecalled‘opportunistic’becausetheytakeadvantageoftheopportunityofferedbyaweakenedimmunesystem.ItispossibleforsomeonetobediagnosedwithAIDSeveniftheyhavenotdevelopedanopportunisticinfection.AIDScanbediagnosedwhenthenumberofimmunesystemcells（CD4cells）inthebloodofanHIVpositivepersondropsbelowacertainlevel.

CanAIDSbetreated?

 AcommunityhealthworkergivesanHIVpositivepatientantiretroviraldrugs,Kenya

AntiretroviraltreatmentcanprolongthetimebetweenHIVinfectionandtheonsetofAIDS.ModerncombinationtherapyishighlyeffectiveandsomeonewithHIVwhoistakingtreatmentcouldlivefortherestoftheirlifewithoutdevelopingAIDS.

AnAIDSdiagnosisdoesnotnecessarilyequatetoadeathsentence.ManypeoplecanstillbenefitfromstartingantiretroviraltherapyevenoncetheyhavedevelopedanAIDS-definingillness.BettertreatmentandpreventionforopportunisticinfectionshavealsohelpedtoimprovethequalityandlengthoflifeforthosediagnosedwithAIDS.

Treatingsomeopportunisticinfectionsiseasierthanothers.Infectionssuchasherpeszosterandcandidaciesofthemouth,throatorvagina,canbemanagedeffectivelyinmostenvironments.Ontheotherhand,morecomplexinfectionssuchastoxoplasmosis,needadvancedmedicalequipmentandinfrastructure,whicharelackinginmanyresource-poorareas.

ItisalsoimportantthattreatmentisprovidedforAIDSrelatedpain,whichisexperiencedbyalmostallpeopleintheveryadvancedstagesofHIVinfection.

IsthereacureforAIDS?

Worryingly,manypeoplethinkthereisa'cure'forAIDS-whichmakethem,feelsafer,andperhapstakerisksthattheyotherwisewouldn’t.However,thereisstillnocureforAIDS.TheonlywaytostaysafeistobeawareofhowHIVistransmittedandhowtopreventHIVinfection.

HowmanypeoplehavediedfromAIDS?

SincethefirstcasesofAIDSwereidentifiedin1981,morethan25millionpeoplehavediedfromAIDS.

WhydopeoplestilldevelopAIDStoday?

EventhoughantiretroviraltreatmentcanpreventtheonsetofAIDSinapersonlivingwithHIV,manypeoplearestilldiagnosedwithAIDStoday.Therearefourmainreasonsforthis:

Inmanyresource-poorcountriesantiretroviraltreatmentisnotwidelyavailable.Eveninwealthiercountries,suchasAmerica,manyindividualsarenotcoveredbyhealthinsuranceandcannotaffordtreatment. 

SomepeoplewhobecameinfectedwithHIVintheearlyyearsoftheepidemicbeforecombinationtherapywasavailable,havesubsequentlydevelopeddrugresistanceandthereforehavelimitedtreatmentoptions.

ManypeoplearenevertestedforHIVandonlybecomeawaretheyareinfectedwiththevirusoncetheyhavedevelopedanAIDS-relatedillness.Thesepeopleareatahigherriskofmortality,astheytendtorespondlesswelltotreatmentatthisstage.

Sometimespeopletakingtreatmentareunabletoadhereto,ortoleratethesideeffectsofdrugs.

CaringforapersonwithAIDS

InthelaterstagesofAIDS,apersonwillneedpalliativecareandemotionalsupport.Inmanypartsoftheworld,friends,familyandAIDSorganisationsprovideAIDScareinthehome.ThisisparticularlythecaseincountrieswithhighHIVprevalenceandoverstretchedhealthcaresystems.

EndoflifecarebecomesnecessarywhenapersonhasreachedtheveryfinalstagesofAIDS.Atthisstage,preparingfordeathandopendiscussionaboutwhetherapersonisgoingtodieoftenhelpsinaddressingconcernsandensuringfinalwishesarefollowed.

TheglobalAIDSepidemic

Around2.7millionpeoplebecameinfectedwithHIVin2007andinthesameyear2millionpeoplediedfromAIDS.Sub-SaharanAfricahasbeenhardesthitbytheepidemic;in2007aroundthreequartersofAIDSdeathswereinthisregion.

 Parcdel'espoir-AIDSMemorialParkinMontreal,Canada

Theepidemichashadadevastatingimpactonsocieties,economiesandinfrastructures.Incountriesmostseverelyaffected,lifeexpectancyhasbeenreducedbyasmuchas20years.Youngadultsintheirproductiveyearsarethemostat-riskpopulation,somanycountrieshavefacedaslow-downineconomicgrowthandanincreaseinhouseholdpoverty.InAsia,HIV/AIDScausesagreaterlossofproductivitythananyotherdisease.Anadult’smostproductiveyearsarealsotheirmostreproductiveandsomanyoftheagegroupwhohavediedfromAIDShaveleftchildrenbehind.Insub-SaharanAfricatheAIDSepidemichasorphanednearly12millionchildren.

Inrecentyears,theresponsetotheepidemichasbeenintensified;inthepasttenyearsinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriestherehasbeena6-foldincreaseinspendingforHIVandAIDS.Thenumberofpeopleonantiretroviraltreatmenthasincreased,theannualnumberofAIDSdeathshasdeclined,andtheglobalpercentageofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasstabilised.

However,recentachievementsshouldnotleadtocomplacentattitudes.Inallpartsoftheworld,peoplelivingwithHIVstillfaceAIDS-relatedstigmaanddiscrimination,andmanypeoplestillcannotaccesssufficientHIVtreatmentandcare.InAmericaandsomecountriesofWesternandCentralandEasternEurope,infectionratesarerising,indicatingthatHIVpreventionisjustasimportantnowasiteverhasbeen.Preventioneffortsthathaveprovedtobeeffectiveneedtobescaled-upandtreatmenttargetsreached.Commitmentsfromnationalgovernmentsrightdowntothecommunitylevelneedtobeintensifiedandsubsequentlymet,sothatonedaytheworldmightseeanendtotheglobalAIDSepidemic.

LearnmoreaboutHIVandAIDS

InadditiontothehundredsofinformativepagesaboutHIV/AIDS,theAVERTwebsitehasinteractivewaystolearnmoreaboutHIVandAIDS.

TheAVERTAIDSGameisagreatwaytoseehowmuchyouknowaboutHIVandAIDS.

YoucantestyourknowledgeofHIVandAIDSbytryingoneofouronlinequizzes.

OurphotogalleryhashundredsofHIVandAIDSrelatedphotosfromaroundtheworld.

TheAVERTvideopagehasanumberofshortvideosrelatedtoHIVandAIDS.

Finally,youcanreadstoriesthathavebeensenttousfrompeoplewhoareeitherlivingwithHIVorwhohavebeenaffectedbyHIV/AIDS.

II.NewWords

1.Acquirevt.getorgainsomething

eg:

Howcanyouacquiresuchalargequantityofknowledge.

2.Immune

1）a.safefromadiseaseorillnessbecauseonecannotbeaffectedbyit

eg:

Thisbloodtestwillshowwhetherornotyou’reimmunetothedisease.

2）a.notaffectedbysomething

eg:

Iamimmunetothenoisefromthetrain.

3.diagnosevt.findoutwhatillnesssomeonehasbyexaminingthem

e.gThedoctordiagnosedhisconditionasastomachproblem.

Programmersdiagnosedtheproblemasacomputervirus.

4.infectvt.

1）causeotherstohaveadiseaseorillness

e.gStayathometwomoredays;otherwise,youmayinfectyourclassmate.

2）affect;influence

e.g.Thebookmayinfectyouwithapassionfortravelling

beinfectedwith:

makesomeonegetadisease

e.gItisestimatedthatover30millionpeoplearenowinfectedwiththevirus.

5.constitute:

makeup;from

e.gTwelvescientistconstitutedaresearchgrouptostudyairpollution.

6.alarm:

vt.causesuddenfearorworry

e.g.Newsthatawarmightbreakoutalarmedeverybody.

7.implement:

vt.carryoutorputcertaindecisionsintopractice

e.gThegovernmentisimplementingitsprogramofhelpingthepoor.

8.emerge:

vi.appearorcomeoutfromsomewhere

e.gThemoonemergedfrombehindtheclouds.

9.combat:

vt.takeactiontostopsomethingbadorharmful

e.gThenewgovernmentpromisedtotakemeasurestocombatcrime.

n.fighting,especiallyduringawar

10.valuable:

a.

1）veryusefu