学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练.docx

学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练.docx

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学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练

2019-2020学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练

A

   Humanshavelaunchedthemselvesintotheouterspace.They'velandedonthemoon.They'vebuilthabitablespacestationsthatorbittheEarth.Thenextgiantleapformankindistoreachanotherplanet–specifically,Mars.

   Theproblemisthatit'snoeasytask.Theplanetis586timesfurtherawayfromtheEarththanthemoon,andit'lltakearound180to220daystoreachMars,dependingonwhereeachplanetisinitsorbit.Suchlongperiodsinspacehavesuggestedmanypotentialhealthproblems,includinghormonalchanges,skinconditions,andmuscleandbonedeterioration（损耗）.

   Here'swheresomefurryfriendscomein.Awiderangeofanimalshavebeeninspace,fromfruitfliesandspiderstocats,anddogs.Suchexperimentsbeganasfarbackasthelate1940sinfirstteststoseeiflivingthingscouldwithstandtheextremeg-force（重力）ofarocketlaunch.

   Micecontinuetoplayaveryimportantpartinspaceexperiments,mainlybecausetheanimalsmakeexcellenttestsubjects.They'resmall,whichmakestheminexpensiveandeasytocarefor.Inaddition,theirsizeandshortlifespanmakeitpossibletodotheequivalentofseveralhumanyearsoftestsinamuchshortertime.Finally,becausemicearemammals,theysharemanycommoncharacteristicswithhumansintermsofgenetics,biologyandbehavior.

   Astromicehavehittheheadlinesrecently,asateamofscientistsledbyBettyNusgens,professorofbiologyattheUniversityofLiegeinBelgium,foundthatthemicesuffereda15percentthinningoftheirskinafter91daysaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）.

   ThisexperimentwaspartofawiderNASAmission（任务）calledtheMiceDrawerSystem（MDS）.TheItalianSpaceAgencydevelopedthefacility,whichallowssixmicetobehoused,monitored,andautomaticallyfedandwateredaboardtheISS,amongwhichthreesurvivedduringthemission.

   Themicehaveparticipatedin20separateexperiments,tostudysucheffectsasosteoporosis（骨质疏松症）,anemia（贫血）andhearthealth.

   Resultsforthe20experimentsarecomingingradually.Butit'sclearthatmicecontinuetoplayanimportantroleintheongoingquesttoconquerthefinalfrontier.

（1）WecaninferfromParagraphs2-3that______.

A. MarsisthefarthestplanetawayfromEarthdiscoveredsofar         

B. animalsthathavebeensentintospacehavemostlysurvived

C. itwasinthelate1940sthatanimalswerefirstsenttotheISS         

D. thejourneytoMarscouldputhumans'healthatrisk

（2）Theunderlinedword“withstand”inPara.3means_________.

A. setup                          

B. comeacross                          

C. workout                          

D. holdup

（3）AccordingtoBettyNusgensandherteam,themiceaboardtheISS______.

A. allsurvivedfortheduration（期间）ofthemission         

B. sufferedthelossofpartoftheirskin  

C. werefedandwateredbytheastronauts        

D. participatedin20experimentsthatmadegreatbreakthroughs

（4）Themainpurposeofthearticleisto_____.

A. analyzehowmicecouldpavethewaytoMars         

B. reportontheresultsoftheMiceDrawerSystem

C. describetherolemiceplayinscientificresearch         

D. changepeople'straditionalattitudestowardmice

B

   Dictionariesarenotclosedbooks.Thereisstillplentyofroomformorewordsinthesegreatvocabularyauthorities.

   Dictionariesarenotclosedbooks.Thereisstillplentyofroomformorewordsinthesegreatvocabularyauthorities.Newwordsarecontinuallybeingcreatedandaddedtoourlanguage.Andmanyoftoday'swordexpertscancreditafamousmathematicianwiththecreationofthemethodbywhichtheydevelopmanynewwords.ThemathematicianwasanEnglishmannamedCharlesL.Dodgson.Inadditiontoworkingwithfigures,Dodgsonwrotebooks.HisimaginativestoriesandpoemshavemadeDodgsonbelovedtogenerationsofreaders.Weknowhim,however,notbythenameofDodgsonbutbyhispenname,LewisCarroll.

   LewisCarrollhasdelightedcountlessreaders,youngandold,withAliceinWonderland,ThroughtheLookingGlass,andnumerouspoems.Intheseworks,Carrolldevelopeddozensofnonsensicalwordssuchas"chortle"and"galumph".ManyofthesewordsarecombinednaturallywithmorecommonwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Carrollreferredtohismade-upwordsas"portmanteau"words,namedafterakindofleathersuitcasethatopensintotwocompartments.Thenamewaswellsuited,becausemostofCarroll'swordshadtwocompartments.Ratherthanbeingentirelyfabricated（虚构）,theywereusuallymadefromthecombinedpartsoftwodifferentwords.A"snark",forexample,clearlycamefromasnakeandashark.

   AlthoughCarrolldiedlongago,histechniquecontinuestobeusedtoday.Weclearlyseehisinfluenceinsuchwordsassmog,brunch,andguesstimate.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceprobablymeanaccordingtothepassage?

A. Dictionariesareopentothepublic.

B. Dictionariesarehelpfultothepublic.

C. Dictionariesarereadytowelcomenewwords.

D. Thevocabulariesindictionariesarelimited.

（2）Dodgson'smade-upwords________.

A. arebasedondifferentwords                          

B. areborrowedfromotherlanguages

C. allcomefromhispoems                                 

D. arestillwidelyused

（3）Thispassageismainlyabout________.

A. howDodgsonwrotehisworks                        B. howEnglishwordsarecreated

C. howadictionaryiswritten                              

D. howDodgsoncreatednewwords

C

   Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?

Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?

Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?

Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?

Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.

   Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator（猎食动物）getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?

Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.

   Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.

   Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?

Theydon'tmakenests（鸟巢）.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.

   Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.

   Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem, andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.

   Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.

（1）Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.

A. gettingclosertoitsyoung                              

B. drivingawaytheadultpredator

C. leavingitsyounginanothernest                   

D. pretendingtobeinjured

（2）By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"（paragraph5）,theauthormeans______.

A. chimpsarereadytoattackothers                  

B. chimpsaresometimesdishonest

C. chimpsarejealousofthewinners                  

D. chimpscanbeselfishtoo

（3）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A. Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.

B. Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.

C. Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.

D. Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.

（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A. Doanimalslie?

B. DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?

C. Howdoanimalslearntolie?

D. Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?

D

   Isuspectthatthemostbasicandpowerfulwaytoconnecttoanotherpersonistolisten.Perhapsthemostimportantthingweevergiveeachotherisourattention,andespeciallyifit'sgivenfromtheheart.Whenpeoplearetalking,there'snoneedtodoanythingbutlistentothem.JusttakethemJustlistentowhatthey'resayingandcareaboutit.Mosttimescaringaboutitisevenmoreimportantthanunderstandingit.Mostofusdon'tvalueourselvesorourloveenoughtoknowthis.Ithastakenmealongtimetobelieveinthepowerofthesimplysaying“I'msosorry”whensomeoneisinpain,andmeaningit.

   Oneofmypatientstoldmethatwhenshetriedtotellherstory,peopleofteninterruptedtotellherthattheyhadoncehadsomethingjustlikethathappentothem.Eventuallyshestoppedtalkingtomostpeople.Shewasjusttoolonely.Weconnectthroughlistening.Whenweinterruptwhatsomeoneissayingtoletthemknowthatweunderstand,wemovethefocusofattentiontoourselves.Whenwelisten,theyknowthatwecare.Manypeoplewithcancercantalkaboutthereliefofhaving