学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练.docx
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学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练
2019-2020学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练
A
Humanshavelaunchedthemselvesintotheouterspace.They'velandedonthemoon.They'vebuilthabitablespacestationsthatorbittheEarth.Thenextgiantleapformankindistoreachanotherplanet–specifically,Mars.
Theproblemisthatit'snoeasytask.Theplanetis586timesfurtherawayfromtheEarththanthemoon,andit'lltakearound180to220daystoreachMars,dependingonwhereeachplanetisinitsorbit.Suchlongperiodsinspacehavesuggestedmanypotentialhealthproblems,includinghormonalchanges,skinconditions,andmuscleandbonedeterioration(损耗).
Here'swheresomefurryfriendscomein.Awiderangeofanimalshavebeeninspace,fromfruitfliesandspiderstocats,anddogs.Suchexperimentsbeganasfarbackasthelate1940sinfirstteststoseeiflivingthingscouldwithstandtheextremeg-force(重力)ofarocketlaunch.
Micecontinuetoplayaveryimportantpartinspaceexperiments,mainlybecausetheanimalsmakeexcellenttestsubjects.They'resmall,whichmakestheminexpensiveandeasytocarefor.Inaddition,theirsizeandshortlifespanmakeitpossibletodotheequivalentofseveralhumanyearsoftestsinamuchshortertime.Finally,becausemicearemammals,theysharemanycommoncharacteristicswithhumansintermsofgenetics,biologyandbehavior.
Astromicehavehittheheadlinesrecently,asateamofscientistsledbyBettyNusgens,professorofbiologyattheUniversityofLiegeinBelgium,foundthatthemicesuffereda15percentthinningoftheirskinafter91daysaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).
ThisexperimentwaspartofawiderNASAmission(任务)calledtheMiceDrawerSystem(MDS).TheItalianSpaceAgencydevelopedthefacility,whichallowssixmicetobehoused,monitored,andautomaticallyfedandwateredaboardtheISS,amongwhichthreesurvivedduringthemission.
Themicehaveparticipatedin20separateexperiments,tostudysucheffectsasosteoporosis(骨质疏松症),anemia(贫血)andhearthealth.
Resultsforthe20experimentsarecomingingradually.Butit'sclearthatmicecontinuetoplayanimportantroleintheongoingquesttoconquerthefinalfrontier.
(1)WecaninferfromParagraphs2-3that______.
A. MarsisthefarthestplanetawayfromEarthdiscoveredsofar
B. animalsthathavebeensentintospacehavemostlysurvived
C. itwasinthelate1940sthatanimalswerefirstsenttotheISS
D. thejourneytoMarscouldputhumans'healthatrisk
(2)Theunderlinedword“withstand”inPara.3means_________.
A. setup
B. comeacross
C. workout
D. holdup
(3)AccordingtoBettyNusgensandherteam,themiceaboardtheISS______.
A. allsurvivedfortheduration(期间)ofthemission
B. sufferedthelossofpartoftheirskin
C. werefedandwateredbytheastronauts
D. participatedin20experimentsthatmadegreatbreakthroughs
(4)Themainpurposeofthearticleisto_____.
A. analyzehowmicecouldpavethewaytoMars
B. reportontheresultsoftheMiceDrawerSystem
C. describetherolemiceplayinscientificresearch
D. changepeople'straditionalattitudestowardmice
B
Dictionariesarenotclosedbooks.Thereisstillplentyofroomformorewordsinthesegreatvocabularyauthorities.
Dictionariesarenotclosedbooks.Thereisstillplentyofroomformorewordsinthesegreatvocabularyauthorities.Newwordsarecontinuallybeingcreatedandaddedtoourlanguage.Andmanyoftoday'swordexpertscancreditafamousmathematicianwiththecreationofthemethodbywhichtheydevelopmanynewwords.ThemathematicianwasanEnglishmannamedCharlesL.Dodgson.Inadditiontoworkingwithfigures,Dodgsonwrotebooks.HisimaginativestoriesandpoemshavemadeDodgsonbelovedtogenerationsofreaders.Weknowhim,however,notbythenameofDodgsonbutbyhispenname,LewisCarroll.
LewisCarrollhasdelightedcountlessreaders,youngandold,withAliceinWonderland,ThroughtheLookingGlass,andnumerouspoems.Intheseworks,Carrolldevelopeddozensofnonsensicalwordssuchas"chortle"and"galumph".ManyofthesewordsarecombinednaturallywithmorecommonwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Carrollreferredtohismade-upwordsas"portmanteau"words,namedafterakindofleathersuitcasethatopensintotwocompartments.Thenamewaswellsuited,becausemostofCarroll'swordshadtwocompartments.Ratherthanbeingentirelyfabricated(虚构),theywereusuallymadefromthecombinedpartsoftwodifferentwords.A"snark",forexample,clearlycamefromasnakeandashark.
AlthoughCarrolldiedlongago,histechniquecontinuestobeusedtoday.Weclearlyseehisinfluenceinsuchwordsassmog,brunch,andguesstimate.
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceprobablymeanaccordingtothepassage?
A. Dictionariesareopentothepublic.
B. Dictionariesarehelpfultothepublic.
C. Dictionariesarereadytowelcomenewwords.
D. Thevocabulariesindictionariesarelimited.
(2)Dodgson'smade-upwords________.
A. arebasedondifferentwords
B. areborrowedfromotherlanguages
C. allcomefromhispoems
D. arestillwidelyused
(3)Thispassageismainlyabout________.
A. howDodgsonwrotehisworks B. howEnglishwordsarecreated
C. howadictionaryiswritten
D. howDodgsoncreatednewwords
C
Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?
Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?
Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?
Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?
Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.
Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator(猎食动物)getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?
Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.
Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.
Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?
Theydon'tmakenests(鸟巢).Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.
Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.
Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem, andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.
Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.
(1)Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.
A. gettingclosertoitsyoung
B. drivingawaytheadultpredator
C. leavingitsyounginanothernest
D. pretendingtobeinjured
(2)By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),theauthormeans______.
A. chimpsarereadytoattackothers
B. chimpsaresometimesdishonest
C. chimpsarejealousofthewinners
D. chimpscanbeselfishtoo
(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A. Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.
B. Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.
C. Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.
D. Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.
(4)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A. Doanimalslie?
B. DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?
C. Howdoanimalslearntolie?
D. Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?
D
Isuspectthatthemostbasicandpowerfulwaytoconnecttoanotherpersonistolisten.Perhapsthemostimportantthingweevergiveeachotherisourattention,andespeciallyifit'sgivenfromtheheart.Whenpeoplearetalking,there'snoneedtodoanythingbutlistentothem.JusttakethemJustlistentowhatthey'resayingandcareaboutit.Mosttimescaringaboutitisevenmoreimportantthanunderstandingit.Mostofusdon'tvalueourselvesorourloveenoughtoknowthis.Ithastakenmealongtimetobelieveinthepowerofthesimplysaying“I'msosorry”whensomeoneisinpain,andmeaningit.
Oneofmypatientstoldmethatwhenshetriedtotellherstory,peopleofteninterruptedtotellherthattheyhadoncehadsomethingjustlikethathappentothem.Eventuallyshestoppedtalkingtomostpeople.Shewasjusttoolonely.Weconnectthroughlistening.Whenweinterruptwhatsomeoneissayingtoletthemknowthatweunderstand,wemovethefocusofattentiontoourselves.Whenwelisten,theyknowthatwecare.Manypeoplewithcancercantalkaboutthereliefofhaving