大学英语自学教程上下讲义.docx

大学英语自学教程上下讲义.docx

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大学英语自学教程上下讲义

先解决上节课的词汇内容

giveaway：

泄露；giveback：

送还，恢复；givein：

屈服，投降；

giveoff：

释放；giveoneselfaway：

露马脚；giveoneselfup：

投案，自首

giveout：

分开，放出；giveup：

停止，放弃。

lie与lay：

前者注意过去时和过去分词变化（lay,lain），躺着；后者（laid,laid）表示“放，搁”。

loose与lose：

前者是形容词，“松的，散的”，后者是动词，表示“丢失”。

respectable与respectful：

均为形容词，前者表示“值得尊敬的”，后者表示“尊敬人的，恭敬的”。

一、对教材知识点的回顾

第十五单元重点内容的回顾

TextA

puter----computerize：

注意词性的转换。

2.★thesame…as：

注意词组含义。

3.pulldown：

注意词组含义。

4.mistake…for：

注意词组含义。

5.justas----justlike：

注意词组区别用法。

etoterms：

注意词组含义。

7.reflecton：

注意词组含义。

8.★comeabout：

注意词组含义，并总结有关come所有词组。

9.large----enlarge：

注意词性转换。

10.respectfor：

注意词组含义。

11.makeover：

注意词组含义，总结有关与make所有词组。

12.★★remind…of（that…）：

注意词组含义。

TextB

1.enroll----enrollment：

注意词性转换。

2.★evenif（eventhough）：

注意词组含义。

3.inthemeantime：

注意词组含义。

4.shyawayfrom：

注意词组含义。

5.demandfor：

注意词组含义。

6.convention----conventional----unconventional：

注意词性转换。

7.allbut：

注意词组含义。

8.★beboundto：

注意词组含义。

9.account---accountable----accountability：

注意词性转换。

10.aboveall：

注意词组含义。

模拟战争：

1.Scarcelyhadhegoneout.Scarcely...when一...就...

A.thatitstartedtosnowB.thanitstartedtosnow

C.whenitstartedtosnowD.anditstartedtosnow

2.Whatdoyoutodoabouttheproblemnowthatthissolutionhasfailed.

A.attempt尝试着去做某事B.think【先排除】C.pretend假装去做某事D.Intend打算去做某事

3.Wemustthatthetelegramarrivesintime.1、must+动词原形2、语态3、意思

A.secureB.ensureC.assureoffD.certify

4.Iplaytennisthangolf.

A.likebettertoB.PrefertoC.wouldratherdo/thanD.had（'d）betterdo（最好做。

。

。

）

5.We’vesugar.AskMrs.Jonestolendussome.

A.runawaywithB.rundownC.runoffD.runoutof

6.Tocontinuetoopposeistohold.

A.upB.offC.outD.from

7.Theweatherforecastwasgoodsoitshouldfineafterall.

A.turninto改变B.turnouttobe被证明是，结果就是C.turnover移交上交翻转D.turnup出现

8.I’dratheryoutheinternationalconferencesinceyouhavebeenworkingonthissubjectforseveralyears.

A.attendB.attendedC.beattendedD.hadattended

9.Ifyoudon’tmaketimeforyou,itwillworkagainstyou.

A.workB.workedC.workingD.towork

10.Ididn’tknowwhattodobutthenanideasuddenlytome.

A.happenedB.enteredC.occurredD.hit

Ⅱ.ClozeTest（10points,1pointforeach）

下列短文有十个空格，每个空格有四个选项。

根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

Weallbelievethatmoderntechnologycanmakelifebetterbecauseitmakeseverythingfaster.Butby____11_____everythingup,wesufferlosseswehavenotyetlearnttoknow.Ourdaybeginswithspeedyurges：

thealarmringsandyoujump____12_____bed.Youtakeaquickshower.Thenyouwakethekidsand____13__themthroughbreakfastsotheywon’tmissthebus.Atthediningtable,youswallowsomeslicesofbreadwithacupoftea．Wheneverything__14__，youhurrytothecar,thinkingofthethingsyouwouldbuyfromthesupermarketontheway__15__.Driving20minutesinthebusytraffic，youreachyourworkplace,rushingintothebuildingand___16__upthestairsthreeatatime,arrivingatyourdeskwithsecondstospare.Youtake___17__deepbreaths.Then,youinstantlyrememberthatthe____18__youdidn'tfinishlastnightmustbefaxedtoBeijingbyl0’clockinthemorning.

Yetitseemsthatthe____19__wego，thefurtherwefallbehind.Notonlyintheliteralsenseofnotgettingdonewhatwesetouttodo，____20__atadeeperlevel.IthascometothepointwheremydaysfeellikeanOlympicmarathon.

11．A.speedingB.settingC.wakingD.looking

12．A.awayfromB.ontoC.backonD.outof

13．A.1ookB.breakC.rushD.see

14．A.isdoneB.beginsC.worksD.isgone

15．A.tohomeB.homeC.athomeD.fromhome

16．A.leapingB.walkingC.drivingD.moving

17．A.agreatdealof+不可数n.B.anumberof+可数n.（复）C.alotof+不/可数n.（复）D.acoupleof

18．A.subjectB.projectC.objectD.inject

19．A.moreB.slowerC.fasterD.less

20．A.butalsoB.aswellC.tooD.either

PassageOne

ManypeoplethinkNewYorkisanoisycity.Infact,scientistswhostudynoisesaythattheaveragenoiselevelinNewYorkis72.5decibels.Thisisalittlelouderthannormalconversation,whichis65decibels.Thenoiselevelistheresultofsomanypeopleandcarsinthesamearea.

Noweventheinsidesoftaxisarenoisy.Whenyougetintoataxi,youhearthevoiceofawell-knownsinger,sportsreporter,orBroadwayactressgivinginstructions.That’sright.Thevoiceofafamouspersontellsyouwhattodo.Onepopularsingergivesthismessage:

”Catshaveninelives,butyouhaveonlyone,tofastenyourseatbeat!

”Othervoicessaythingssuchas“Don’tforgettocollectallyourbelongings.”（Peopleoftenleavehats,umbrella,andbagsintaxis.）

Thereisagoodreasonforthemessages.Therearemorethan12,000cabsinNewYork,andeveryyeartaxisgetintomorethan15,000accidents.Inanaccident,peoplewhodon’twearseatbeltshitthepartition,theglasswallseparatingthedriverandpassengersinthetaxi.Theycanhurttheirforeheadsorbreaktheirnosesorchins.Everyyear,about11,000peopleareinjuredinthisway.

Manypeopleareannoyedbythevoices.Cabdriversinparticulardislikethemessages.”Iplaythemessages12hoursaday.Ihearthesamevoices60timesaday.Itmakesmecrazy,”saysAtnis,a45-year-oldcabdriver.“ButifIdon’tplaythemessages,Igetfined$100.”Alotofpassengerscomplained,too.“It’stoomuchnoise,”saysapassenger,“Iaskedthedrivertoturnoffthemessage,buthesaidhecan’t.”

Otherpeoplethinkthevoicesareagreatidea.Onetaxidriversays,”Peopleliketohearthefamousvoices,andtheyputontheirseatbeltsmoreoften.”Andpassengersfromoutoftownreallyliketheidea.“Mostofthetime,taxidriversareinabadmood,”saysMelanieBenton,whovisitsNewYorkoftenonbusiness,“It'snicetohearacheerfulvoicewhenyougetintoacab.”

21.Thesentence”Catshaveninelives,butyouhaveonlyone”impliesthat.

A.humanbeingshaveonlyonelifeB.catslivelongerthanhumanbeings

C.catswillhavenewlivesaftertheydieD.humanbeingsshouldvaluetheirlives

22.Peoplewhoaremostlikelytobeinjuredinataxiaccidentare.

A.thosewhowearseatbeltsB.thosewholikemessages

C.thosewhodonotwearseatbeltsD.thosewhodislikemessages

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatataxidriverhearsthesamevoices

everyday.

A.about5timesanhourB.about6timeanhour

C.about50timesanhourD.about60timesanhour

24.Thecabdriversplaythemessagesagainandagainbecause________.

A.theyarewillingtodosoB.theydonotwanttopayafine

C.thepassengersaskthemtodosoD.thevoiceofthemessagesischeerful

25.Theauthorofthispassageseemstobelievethat_______.

A.NowYorkisthenoisiestcityintheU.S.

B.messagesplayedbytaxidriversareuseless

C.messagesintaxisshouldbevoicedbyfamouspeople

D.voicesfromtaxispartlycausedthehighnoiselevelofNewYork

PassageTwo

Itisoftensaidthatpolitenesscostsnothing.Infact,itseemsthatalittlemorepolitenesscouldsavebusinesses￡5billioneveryyear.Frequentlyhearingthephrase”thankyou”or”welldone”meansthesametostaffasmodestpayrise.

Praiseandencouragementalsomakesemployeesmorelikelytoworkhardandstayintheirjobs.Inthiswaythebusinesscompaniescansavethecostoffindingnewemployees.Athirdof1,000workerssurveyedbyaconsultingfirmsaidtheydidnotgetthankedatallwhentheydidwell一andafurtherthirdsaidtheywerenotthankedenough.Inbothcases，staffsaidtheyfeltundervalued，meaningtheywerelesslikelytoexertthemselvesandweremorelikelytolookforemploymentelsewhere.

Theresultofthesurveyshowsthattherewouldbearound￡5.2billionlossinproductivityiftheemployeesfeltlessappreciated.Accordingtothefirm，praisingstaffhasthesamepositiveeffectasa1percentpayrise—andworksoutmuchcheaperforbosses.Threeoutoffouremployeessaidthatregularacknowledgementbytheirbosseswasimportanttothem,butonlyaquartersaidtheywereactuallygivenasmuchpraiseastheyfelttheyneeded.

Thesurveyfoundthatthoseinblue-collarandmanualjobswerelesslikelytobegivenanyrecognitionfordoingwell.Butitseemsthattheymostneedsuchpraise.

Inregionalterms，Scottishstafffeltmostundervalued.Fouroutoftenworkerssaidtheywereneverthankedandeightoutoftensaidtheywouldlikemorepraise.However,workersintheNorth-Eastarelessimpressedbybeingpraisedbytheboss，asonly69percentsaidtheyfelttheneedtobetold”welldone”regularly.Olderemployeesandwomenneedthemostreassurance，accordingtopsychologistAverilLeimon.Shesaidthatwordsofpraisedidmorethancreatingapleasantplacetowork—theycouldevenpromoteprofits.

26．Thesurveyindicatesthatpolitenesscouldsavebusinessesahugeamountofmoneyeveryyearbecause_______.

A．politenessmakesemployeesexpectpayrise

B．politenessislesslikelytomakestaffworkharder

C．politenesshelpsemployersfindproperemployees

D．politenesshelpsemployersreducethecostofstaffemployment

27．Workersdoingwellbutnotgettingthanksfromtheirbosseswillprobably_______.

A．leaveforjobselsewhere

B．workhardertogetpraisefromtheirbosses

C．exertthemselvesintheirworktogetpayrise

D．workhardertogetencouragementfromtheirbosses

28．Accordingtothesurvey,_______oftheemployeesbelievedtheywerepraisedasmuchasexpected.

A．25％B．30％C．40％D．75％

29．Thesurveyshowsthatthosewhodonotpaymuchattentiontopraiseare________.

A．stafffromScotland

B．workersinNorth-East

C．olderandwomenemployees

D．employeesofblue-collarandphysicaljobs

30．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____________.

A．blue-col