工程英语专业词汇.docx

工程英语专业词汇.docx

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工程英语专业词汇

过渡词：

1首先：

first\firstly\firstofall\tobeginwith2第二、此外、其次、况且：

second\secondly\and\besides\moreover\additionally\furthermore\what'smore\inaddition3最后：

finally\last\lastly其它过渡词：

1最重要的是：

aboveall\mostimportantofall\lastbutnottheleast2总之、简而言之：

inconclusion\insummary\toconclude\tosumup\inshort\inaword3综上所述：

fromtheforegoing\fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove\fromwhathasbeenmentionedabout\fromtheaboveanalysis

Firstofall,首先Firstly,…Secondly,...Thirdly,…第一，第二，第三First,…Then,…Finally,…首先,其次,最后Inthefirstplace,首先Tobeginwith,…Next,…Finally,…首先,其次,最后Besides此外Furthermore,此外Inaddition,此外Inparticular,特别地Moreover,此外Whatismore另外Ashasbeennoted,如前所述AsIhavesaid,如我所述Inbrief,简言之Inconclusion,总之Inshort,简言之Insummary,总之Tosumup,总之Eventually,…最后Fromthispointofview,…从这个观点来看Inmyopinion,…以我看来Insummary,…总而言之Onaccountofthis,wecanfindthat…由此我们可以发现Onthewhole,…总起来说

1）先后次序关系：

atthistime;first;second;atlast;next；previously;simultaneously同时地;eventually；lastbutnotleast；tobeginwith；tostartwith；toendwith；finally；seeing...由于，因为；sincethen；firstofall；afterwards后来;followingthis;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最终的，极限的，根本的

2）因果关系：

because；becauseofthis；beingthat（口语）既然，因为；anotherimportantfactor／reasonof...；since；as；for；inthat...；owingto由于，通常负面；dueto由于；forthereasonthat...；inviewof鉴于，考虑到resultfrom归因于thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout...；forthisreason;asaresultofthis；therefore；...andso...；consequently所以，因此；asaresult；thus这样，如此，因而；hence因此；so；sothat...；inconsequence结果，结果；asaconsequence；accordingly因此，于是，相应地;inevitably不可避免地;undertheseconditionsthereupon因此于是upon迫近

3）转折关系：

but；evenso；however；though；eventhough；independentof；recklessof不顾；despitethat；inspiteofthat；regardlessof不顾;yet...；andyet；butunless.Nonetheless尽管如此

4.并列关系：

and;also；too；aswellas；either...，or...；both...and...

5）（补充）递进关系：

furthermore此外，而且；moreover而且，此外；further进一步地，此外；Inthisway；still；notonly...butalso...；not...but...；inaddition（to）；additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically更具体地说,next,besides；asfaras...isconcerned至于;moreover此外；inotherwords；

alongthislineofconsideration；on（the）onehand...在一方面，ontheotherhand...；even；asasayinggoes...；inordertodoit...;meanwhile同时；atthesametime；accordingly因此；Inthefirstplace...，inthesecondplace...;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.

6）比较关系：

similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith；whencomparedwith；comparedwith；wheninfact...;like...；likewise同样地，也；similarlyimportant；apartfrom（doing）...；...ratherthan...，bydoingso；both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but（also）.

7）对照（不同点）：

yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding虽然，尽管;rather当然，的确，宁愿，相当;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround；yet;conversely相反的；unlike；opposedto;asopposedtothis与不同；incontrast（to）；bywayof；onthecontrary；differentfromthis；nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此;contraryto；whereas但是，鉴于；while；butontheotherhand

8）举例关系:

forexample；forinstance例如；inthiscase既然假若这样;namely也就是instance例子实例

换句话说；asyouknow；youmayas／say；asheexplains；like；suchas；acaseinpointis一个恰当的例子是...;consider...；inparticular尤其特别；including...；foronething...首先，foranother...；putitsimply；statedroughly粗糙地，概略地；asanillustration，Iwillsay...；agoodexample（of...）wouldbe...；todetailthis，Iwouldliketo...；Itisinterestingtonotethat...；inthissituation;asproof;takethecaseof;takeasexample（something）；asfor;asregards；asto；accordingto;onthisoccasion.

9）强调关系：

infact;especially；particularly特别，尤其；moreover（此外）；naturally;whatismoreimportant；inreality事实上；certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular；nottomention...；believeitornot；undeniably（无可置疑）;otherthingbeingequal；itiscertain／surethat...；tobestrict;tobetrue；bydefinition;definitely明确地，肯定地;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent（不论怎样）;withoutreservation（毫无保留地）;obviously,notonly..but（also...）,both...and...

10）条件关系:

if；unless;lest；providedthat；ifitisthecase；inthissense；once...；ifpossible；ifnecessary；ifso；ifnotall;ifanything.

11）归纳总结类：

inaword/insum/inshort

inbrief/inconclusion/insummary

therefore因此，所以/hence因此，今后

tosumup/toconclude

theconclusioncanbedrawnthat

forthisreason/onthewhole

12）地点关系：

beyond;oppositeto;adjacent邻近to;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.

13）目的关系：

withthisobject无证;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount由于。

。

。

缘故;incase万一;withaviewto考虑到;forthesamereason.

14）重申关系：

inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.

15）结果关系：

accordingly;thus;consequently（因此）;hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions;asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly...but（also...）;so...asto.

16）顺序关系：

first;second;thirdly;next;then;attheoutset（在开始时），followingthis;atthistime;now;atthispoint;after;afterward后来;afterthis;subsequently后来;lastly最终;finally;consequently所以，因此;beforethis;previously;precedingthis;simultaneously同时地;concurrently（同时发生的）

17）时间关系：

atonce;immediately;atlength终于，最后;inthemeantime同时;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden突然;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally偶然地;inamoment;shortly立刻;whereupon于是，因此;previouslyHenceforth今后

大梁girder复式桁架complextruss承受withstand拉伸stretch

屈曲buckle断裂break可行的feasible地基土subsoil面板deck

柔性的flexible索cable桥台abutment传递transmit相交intersect

推力thrustTheamountofbridgetraffic桥梁交通流量jammedtraffic

交通堵塞cost费用financing筹款Acquire获取survey勘察Tide潮汐Flood

洪水current水流Bore钻孔samplesofsoilandrock岩土试样Girder

大梁cantilever悬臂梁truss桁架arch拱suspension悬索location

地理位置purposes功用Spanlength跨度Strength强度harmony

协调Alloysteels合金钢Steelwires钢丝tension拉力compression

压力bending弯曲shear剪力torsion扭矩Staticloads静载vehicle

车辆impact冲击vibration振动Dynamicloads动载liveloads

活载tremors地震震动Floatingdebris浮物modeltesting

模型测试Scale-downmodeltest缩尺模型试验Windtunneltests

风洞试验Erect安装cofferdams围堰caissons沉箱piles

桩上部结构superstructure

Falsework脚手架Floatation浮运cantilevering悬lifting提升suspension悬吊signs标识guardrails护栏SeaWorks海洋工程maritimeengineering海事工程Fishingports渔港marinas码头

Reclamationandconservancy填海与保护Maintenance维护estuaries河口Hydraulic水力的Naturalharbor天然海港artificialharbor人工海港Tidalcycle潮汐周期scour冲刷siltation淤积breakwater防波堤Secondarywave次生波Reflectedwave反射波disturbances干扰Bay海湾jetty防波堤

mole防波堤locality地区conservancy保护ruin废墟wharf码头alluvial冲积的destructive破坏的bar沙滩anchorage锚地littoraldrift沿岸漂浮物coast海岸maintain保持beach海滩

frailty弱点craft工艺indestructibility不可破坏性implement执行outlast比…经久durability耐久性ingress入口egress出口underpin支撑dewater排水hydrauliccement水硬性水泥lime石灰dam水坝retain保持discharge流量hydroelectric水电的navigation航行auxiliary辅助的spillways泄洪道gates闸门valves阀门tunnels隧道pipelines管道evacuate开挖reservoir水库

multipurpose多功能的scheme方案conservation保护rockfill填石

masonry砌体monolithic整体式的laterally侧向地buttresses扶壁horizontal水平的abutments墩台Site场地investigation调查boring钻孔strata地层shaft钻杆elasticity弹性permeability渗透性stress应力groundwater地下水assess评估seismic地震hydraulic水力的verify验证instruments仪器pressure压力performance性能emergency紧急情况confirm印证assumption假设equation方程variable变量strain应变FiniteElementAnalysis有限单元分析equilibrium平衡

Tensilestrength抗拉强度compressivestrength抗拉强度support支撑vertical垂直的load荷载concrete砼cement水泥shrink收缩set凝固harden硬化crack开裂cast浇注blend掺和resistance抵抗aggregate骨料fine-grained细颗粒的flyash粉煤灰filler填充剂volume量additive添加剂surface-activeagents表面活化剂air-entrainingagents引气剂water-to-cementratio水灰比cool冷却extract提取vacuum真空Permeable可渗透的resistance抵抗deterioration侵蚀deformation变形seepage渗透quick流砂fluid流体

Earthquake地震seismicallyactiveregion地震活动带stronggroundmotion强地动response响应predict预言

degreeoffreedom自由度damping阻尼Highway公路

maintenance维护financing筹款traffic交通assess评估layout布局capacity容量route线路preliminary初步的alternate备选的detaileddesign详细设计terrain地形traverse横过photogrammetric摄影测量的stage阶段phase阶段evaluation评价Delay延期expressway高速公路coordinate协调preserve保护propose提议blueprints蓝图

earthwork土方工程surfacing路面grading场地平整excavate开挖fill填analyzethegradation颗粒分析compact压缩Surfacing铺面accommodate容纳frequency频率roadway路面sandyclay砂质粘土slag矿碴crushedstone碎石

gravel砾石stabilize稳定subgrade路基roller滚压机soil-cement水泥土bituminous沥青的surfacedrainage地表排水crown路冠shoulder路肩

openditches明沟stormdrainagesystem暴雨排水系

catchbasin集水井runoff径流duration持续时间ponding积水spacing间距precipitation降水量flow水流culvert涵管roughness粗糙度entrance入口downstream下游conduit导管outlet出水口Restfacilities休息设施reststops休息站interstatehighways州际公路access入口noisebarriers隔音墙subgrade路基stakingout放样award授予contract合同

detailedplan详细规划specifications说明layout布置indicate标示settlement沉降vibratory振动的maintenance维护signs路标guardrails护栏trafficstriping交通带retainingwalls挡土墙sideslopes边坡supervising监督Soilmechanics土力学lawsofmechanics力学定律hydraulics水力学aggregate集合mineralgrains矿物颗粒organic有机的constituents成份weathering风化threephases三相composition组成heterogeneity不均匀性deposits沉积土retainingwall挡土墙earthpressure土压力equilibrium平衡cohesion粘聚力plasticity塑性

sand砂土clay粘土

shearing受剪的sliding滑动thesurfaceofrupture破坏面

shearingforce剪力approximation近似cohesivesoils粘性土Curvedsurface曲面thesurfaceofslip滑动面Consolidation固结lag滞后settleme