句子整理.docx

句子整理.docx

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句子整理

句子

一.陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句

（一）陈述句用来说明情况主语+谓语

1）肯定陈述句IamfromChina.

2）否定陈述句Idon’tcomefromChina.

（二）疑问句

1.一般疑问句一般须用yes/no回答的问句

Be动词+主语+其他?

助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词?

Am/Is/Are/Was/Were+主语+其他?

Do/Does/Did

Will/Shall/Would/Have/Has/Had+主语+谓语动词?

Can/Could/May/Might/Must/Need/Should/Ought

IssheHelen?

Yes,sheis.

DoesshecomefromChina?

No,shedoesn’t.

2.特殊疑问句由疑问词引导的问句不用yes/no回答

疑问词有：

what,which,who（whom宾格）,whose,when,where,why,how

What+nwhattime/colour/place

Which+nwhichclass/whichbooks

Whose+nwhosecoat/whosebooks

How+adj/advhowold/howlong/howmany/howmuch

howfar/howoften/howsoon

1）一般疑问句序疑问词（不是主语）+be动词+主语+其他?

疑问词（不是主语）+助动词+主语+谓语动词?

Whereareyoufrom?

/Wheredoyoucomefrom?

/Whichfloordoyouliveon?

2）陈述句序疑问词（是主语）+谓语动词?

Whocancountfrom1tofive?

/HowmanypeoplehavebeentotheGreatWall?

注意:

who,what,which做主语时,通常按第三人称单数对待.

3.选择疑问句提出两个或多个选项看哪个是正确的,最后两个选项由or连接,不用yes/no回答

1）一般疑问句序Areyouinthefirstyearorthesecond?

Thesecond.

2）特殊疑问句序Whatwouldyoulike,fablesorshortstories?

Shortstories.

Whichdoyouprefer,teaormilk?

Neither,I’dlikesomecoffee.

4.反意疑问句

1）陈述句+反意简略疑问句

a.前后时态一致，助动词一致。

Theywillneverforgetit,willthey?

He’sneverlateforschool,ishe?

A:

He’sneverbeentoBeijing,hashe?

B:

①No,hehasn’t.Buthesayshewillgotherenextmonth.

②Yes,hehas.Hewenttherelastyear.

b.陈述句肯定,简略句否定;陈述句否定,简略句肯定，即前肯后否，前否后肯。

陈述句中有not,no,never,few,little,nothing,hardly等词,陈述句视为否定句,简略句肯定.（但不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词,如:

dislike,unhappy,unlucky等）

Thetigercouldhardlygoonbreathing,couldhe?

c.简略问句的主语须用相应的人称代词I,we,you,they,he,she,it,

陈述句的主语为指示代词this,that,不定代词nothing,不定式,动名词时,简略问句的主语为it.

陈述句的主语为指示代词these,those,不定代词nobody,everybody,somebody等时,简略问句的主语为they.

但therebe句型还用there.

Thatwillbeawelcomechange,won’tit?

Therearemanytreesinthepark,aren’tthere?

d.前否定后肯定的反意疑问句回答与汉语有差异.

eg:

Youareastudent,aren’tyou?

Yes,Iam.你是个学生,不是吗?

是,是的.

Youaren’tastudent,areyou?

Yes,Iam.你不是个学生,是吗?

不,我是的.

用yes/no回答,须根据实际情况回答，不可译成中文：

实际情况做了就回答yes，实际情况没有做就回答no。

A:

He’sneverbeentoBeijing,hashe?

B:

①No,hehasn’t.Buthesayshewillgotherenextmonth.

②Yes,hehas.Hewenttherelastyear.

e.陈述句是复合句时,简略问句的主语和助动词和主句一致

ShelivedinBeijingwhenshewasyoung,didn’tshe?

但如果主句的谓语动词是think,believe,expect等,且主语为第一人称或第二人称时,简略问句的主语和助动词要与宾语从句一致,而是肯定还是否定则要看主句.

Idon’tthinkthatheisastudent,ishe?

2）祈使句+反意简略疑问句

Let’s…+shallwe?

其他祈使句+willyou?

Let’sgoshopping,shallwe?

Pleaseclosethewindow,willyou?

Don’tclosethewindow,willyou?

Letus/me/him/her/themgoshopping,willyou?

（三）祈使句用以表示要求,请求,命令等.

动词用原形（无时态,人称和数的变化）

肯定句Pleaseclosethewindow.

否定句Pleasedon’tclosethewindow.Nevergiveup.

反意疑问句Pleaseclosethewindow,willyou?

Don’tclosethewindow,willyou?

Let’sgoshopping,shallwe?

Letus/megoshopping,willyou?

祈使句的回答用一般将来时，且根据实际情况

--Don’tbelateagain.

--Sorry,Iwon’t.

--Pleaseremembertogivemybestwishestoyourparents.

--OK,Iwill.

比较：

1.Tom,don’tbelateforschoolnexttime.祈使句

2.Tomwon’tbelateforschoolnexttime.陈述句

（四）感叹句

1）what+名词短语

名词短语有：

a/an+形容词+可数名词单数

形容词+可数名词复数

形容词+不可数名词

What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语（陈述句序）!

What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!

What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!

Whatabigparkitis!

Whataninterestingstory!

Whatbigparkstheyare!

Whatlovelyweatheritis!

Whatgreatfunitis!

WhatapoormemoryIhave!

Whatashame!

Whatapity!

2）how+形容词/副词/动词

How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

Howbigtheparkis!

Howbigtheparksare!

Howfastheruns!

Howtimeflies!

HowIwonderwhatyouare!

☆比:

Howlongthebridgeis!

感叹句------Howlongisthebridge?

特殊疑问句

Howwidetheriveris!

感叹句-----Howwideistheriver?

特殊疑问句

★比一比:

Whatalotofflowers!

Howmanyflowers!

★so,such在用法上与how,what相似

such修饰名词sucha/an+形容词+可数名词单数suchanicegirl

such+形容词+可数名词复数suchnicegirls

such+形容词+不可数名词suchcleanwater

so+形容词/副词sobig/runsofast

但so在以下情况可修饰名词

so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数soniceagirl

so+many/few+形容词+可数名词复数somany/fewnicegirls

so+much/little+形容词+不可数名词somuch/littlecleanwater

二.句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子的成分.句子成分有:

主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等

主语和谓语是句子的主体.表语,宾语,宾语补足语等都是谓语的组成部分.

1.主语表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事情”,做主语的有:

名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词等

Ilikethechickenandvegetables.Dinnerbeganat6.30.

2.谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎样”

1）由行为动词及含行为动词的短语构成EverybodyenjoyedthefoodexceptHelen.

2）由连系动词+表语（说明主语“是什么”或“怎样”的句子成分）构成

Myfatherisacarworker.Themusicsoundsnice.

3.表语位于连系动词后,可做表语的有:

名词,代词,形容词,数词,介词短语,动词不定式,动名词,分词等

连系动词有：

feel（sad）,sound（nice）,look（excited）,smell（wonderful）,

become（better）,get（late）,turn（red）,taste（delicious）,

seem（pleased）,grow（fast）,come（true）,keep（quiet）…

WeareChinese.Thefoodsmellsnice.

Thecottonfeelssoft.Tomistwelve（yearsold）.

Manychildren’slifedreamistostudyinoneofthefamousmusicschool.

4.宾语表示动作或行为的对象.Shecouldnotuseherchopsticks.

有些及物动词带双宾语【直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人）】

givesbsth=givesthtosbbuysbsth=buysthforsb

passsbsth=passsthtosbcooksbsth=cooksthforsb

bringsbsth=bringsthtosbgetsbsth=getsthforsb

lendsbsth=lendsthtosbmakesbsth=makesthforsb

sendsbsth=sendsthtosbteachsbsth

tellsbsth=tellsthtosb

handsbsth=handsthtosb

5.宾语补足语有些动词的宾语后需要一个宾语补足语,其意思才能完整.

①Doyoucallitapicture?

名词短语作宾语补足语：

callsbsthcallsthsth

makehimagoodboy

think/considerMrWuagoodteacher

②Thegoodnewsmademehappy.形容词作宾语补足语：

makesb+adj

keepsth+adj

findsth+adj

findit+adj+（forsb）todosth

thinkit+adj+（forsb）todosth

makeit+adj+（forsb）todosth

feelit+adj+（forsb）todosth

③Shemadetheotherslaugh.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：

改为被动语态，省略的to要加上来。

makesbdosth----sbbemadetodosth

letsbdosth----sbbelettodosth

havesbdosth----sbbehadtodosth

seesbdosth----sbbeseentodosth

watchsbdosth----sbbewatchedtodosth

hearsbdosth----sbbeheardtodosth

noticesbdosth----sbbenoticedtodosth

④OurteachertoldustospeakEnglishinclass.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：

tellsb（not）todosth

asksb（not）todosth

advisesb（not）todosth

encouragesbtodosth

wantsbtodosth

wouldlikesbtodosth

6.定语用来修饰名词或代词,表示其性质,特征,范围及所属关系等.

Lilylikeshernewhome.（形容词性物主代词，形容词作定语）

Oneofthemwasadoctor.（介词短语作后置定语）

PeopleinAustraliaspeakEnglish.（介词短语作后置定语）

ThegirlinredisMillie.（介词短语作后置定语）

ThemansittingoverthereisfromCanada.（动词-ing形式，现在分词作后置定语）

Childrenplayagamecalled‘trickortreat’.（动词过去分词作后置定语）

Ihavealottoeat.（动词不定式，to+动词原形作后置定语）

Theplacesyouhavevisitedaremarkedinbrightpurple.

（句子作后置定语，即定语从句）

Thosewhoattendedthemeetingallagreedtomaketheclockthebiggestandthebestintheworld.

（句子作后置定语，即定语从句）

比较：

就划线部分提问。

Millie’sdressisred.WhatcolourisMillie’sdress?

ThereddressisMillie’s.WhichdressisMillie’s?

（就定语提问）

Simonisoverthere.WhereisSimon?

TheboyoverthereisSimon.WhichboyisSimon?

（就定语提问）

7.状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词等,表示性状,时间,地点,原因,程度,方式,方法等.

Thelionwassohungry.（表示程度）

Wemovedintoanewflatyesterday.（时间状语）

TheycameandsatbetweenJackandApril.（地点状语）

五种基本句子结构主语+谓语S+V

主语+谓语+直接宾语S+V+DO

主语+谓语+表语S+V+P

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+IO+DO

主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语S+V+DO+OC

三.简单句,并列复合句,从属复合句

1.简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子.

Sheisneverlateforschool.Heandhissonarebothteachers.

Theywalkedandtalkedalongtheriver.

2.并列复合句指由并列连词将两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子.

并列连词有:

and,notonly…but（also）…,neither…nor…,or,either…or…

but,however,yet,while（而）,so,for（表因为,不可放句首），therefore（因此）

Itflowsovermybanks,andplacesaroundareunderwater.

Hurryup,oryouwillmissthefirst.class.

Hurryup,andyouwillcatchthefirstclass.

Iamsmallatfirst,butmanyotherriversjoinmeontheway.

Theylikedthe:

Statue,foritisoneofthegreatworksofartoftheworld.

HeisadoctorwhileIamateacher.

3.从属复合句主句+从句

1）状语从句在句中充当状语的分句.

a.比较状语从句

形容词/副词（比较级）+than比……更……

TheyareolderthanIam.Shesangmuchbetterthanwedid.

as+形容词/副词（原级）+as与……一样……

ChristmasisasexcitingasourSpringFestival.

notas/so+形容词/副词（原级）+as不如……

Samisn’tasstrongasTomis.Idon’tdancesowellasshedoes.

b.时间状语从句

引导词

when当……的时候

Iwilltellheraboutitwhenshecalls.

Whenthereistoomuchrain,mywaterriseshigherandhigher.

Hetoldmewhenwewerevisitingthefactory.

Whentheearthquakestarted,Iwasdoingsomeshopping.

IwastryingtofindmywayoutwhenIsuddenlyheardsomenoiseaboveme.突然

while正当……的时候,在……期间

从句部分的动词:

1）表示状态的动词

HelookedaftermydaughterwhileIwasaway.

Ihopewe’llseeonewhilewe’rehere.

2）延续性的行为动词（常用进行时态—现在进行时和过去进行时）

MyfatherwaswritingaletterwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.

Peoplewererunningwildlywhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.

Pleaselookaftermyclotheswhile/asIamplayingbasketball.

Iwenttoseehimwhile/ashewaswritingaletteryesterday.

TheearthquakestartedwhileIwasdoingsomeshopping.

=Whentheearthquakestarted,Iwasdoingsomeshopping.

as当…的时候,一边…一边…,强调主从句动作同时进行

Hesangsoftlytohimselfashewalkedalongthestreet.

Astheballoonflewhigherandhigher,thesightsbecamemoreandmorebeautiful.

Asyouarewatchingtheshow,writedownyouranswersandsendtextmessagesto1396.

As/WhileMilliewaswatchingTV,Andycameintotheroom.

As/WhileMilliewaswalkingpastthebookshop,shesuddenlythoughtofbuyingaTVguide.

=Millewaswalkingpastthebookshopwhen（突然）shethoughtofbuyingaTVguide.

AsMilliesatdownonthesofa,Andycameintotheroom.

before在……之前Wewillfinishthisworkbeforehecomes