职称英语卫生综合理工.docx

职称英语卫生综合理工.docx

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职称英语卫生综合理工

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2012年卫生新书（红色标题为2012年新增文章）

一、2012年职称英语（卫生类）教材变化表

1.第二篇：

Goingonadiet

完形填空C级

第六部分完形填空

第一篇：

BetterControlofTBSeenIfaFasterCureisFound（C级）

TheWorldHealthOrganization1estimatesthataboutone-thirdofallpeopleareinfectedwithbacteriathatcausetuberculosis.Mosttimes,theinfectionremainsinactive.ButeachyearabouteightmillionpeopledevelopactivecasesofTB,usuallyintheirlungs.Twomillionpeopledieofit.ThediseasehasincreasedwiththespreadofAIDSanddrug-resistantformsoftuberculosis.

Currenttreatmentstakeatleastsixmonths.Patientshavetotakeacombinationofseveralantibioticdrugsdaily.Butmanypeoplestopassoonastheyfeelbetter.Doingthatcanleadtoaninfectionthatresiststreatment.Publichealthexpertsagreethatafaster-actingcurefortuberculosiswouldbemoreeffective.Nowastudyestimatesjusthoweffectiveitmightbe.AprofessorofinternationalhealthatHarvardUniversity2ledthestudy.JoshuaSalomonsaysashortertreatmentprogramwouldlikelymeannotjustmorepatientscured.Itwouldalsomeanfewerinfectiouspatientswhocanpassontheirinfectiontoothers.

Theresearchersdevelopedamathematicalmodeltoexaminetheeffectsofatwo-monthtreatmentplan.TheytestedthemodelwithcurrentTBconditionsinSoutheastAsia.Thescientistsfoundthatatwo-monthtreatmentcouldpreventabouttwentypercentofnewcases.Anditmightpreventabouttwenty-fivepercentofTBdeaths.Themodelshowsthatthesereductionswouldtakeplacebetweentwothousandtwelveandtwothousandthirty.Thatis,ifafastercureisdevelopedandinwideusebytwothousandtwelve.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationdevelopedtheDOTS3programinnineteenninety.DOTSisDirectlyObservedTreatment,Short-course.Healthworkerswatchtuberculosispatientstaketheirdailypillstomakesuretheycontinuetreatment.

Earlierthisyear,aninternationalpartnershipoforganizationsannouncedaplantoexpandtheDOTSprogram.Theten-yearplanalsoaimstofinanceresearchintonewTBdrugs.Thefourmostcommondrugsusednowaremorethanfortyyearsold.TheGlobalAllianceforTBDrugDevelopment4saysitslong-termgoalisatreatmentthatcouldworkinasfewastendoses.

第二篇（重点）Goingonadiet（C级）

Atypicalpersonneedsabout1,800caloriesperdaytostayalive.Thesecalorieskeepyourheartbeatingandyourlungsbreathing.Theykeepyourorgansoperatingproperlyand,yourbrainrunning.Theyalsokeepyourbodywarm.Apersongainsweightbecauseheorsheconsumesmorecaloriesperdaythanneeded.Theonlywaytolosefatistoreduce_thenumberofcaloriesthatyouconsumeperday.Thisisthebasicprinciplebehindgoingonadiet.

Unfortunately，dietsdon'tworkformostpeople.Theydoloseweightbutthengooffthedietandputitback.Buildingasensibledietandexerciseplanisthekeytomaintainingaconsistentweight.Youneedtofigureouthowmanycaloriesyouneedinadayandhowmanyyouactuallytakein.Thenextstepistoadd，exercisesothatyoucanraisethenumberofcaloriesyoucanconsumeperday.

Exercisechartscanshowyouhowmanycaloriesdifferentformsofexercisecanburn.Burning250or500caloriesperdaycanmakeabigdifference.YoucanrideanexercisebikewhileyouarewatchingTVoryoucanclimbthestairsinsteadoftheelevator.Findanexercisepartner.Exercisecanbealoteasierifthereissomeonetotalkto.It'sagoodideatowearfirm-fittingclothesifyouareonadiet.Tightclothingactsasareminderofwhatyouaretryingtoaccomplish.

第三篇：

OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive（C级）

理工第三篇

It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980,whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewild,bydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthearesupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanet,whatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves?

Inreality,ofcourse,itwasnaivetoimaginethateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.1Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhaveafewvials.Andthelast“official”stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia,2fornoobviousgain.

NowAmericanresearchershavefoundananimalmodelofthehumandisease,openingthewayfortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasontokeepthevirus—justincasethediseaseputsinareappearance.

HowdowedealwiththemistrustoftheUSandRussia?

Simple.Keepthevirusunderinternationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobject,ofcourse,justatitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’tmeantheideaiswrong.Ifthevirusisuseful,thenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit.

第四篇:

Diet,AlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers（C级）

Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleadingcauseofcancerand,alongwithalcohol,isresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthediseaseindevelopedcountries,aleadingresearchersaidonTuesday.

Dr.TimKey,oftheUniversityofOxford,toldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributetocancer,buttheyknowthatdiet,alcoholandobesityplayamajorrole.

“Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoidedifnobodywasobese,”hesaid.

Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout30percentofcancercases,dietisinvolvedinanestimated25percentandalcoholinaboutsixpercent.

Obesityraisestheriskofbreast,womb,bowelandkidneycancer,whilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouth,throatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactisincreasedwhencombinedwithsmoking.

KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUKthatotherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerarestillunknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudy,whichiscomparingthedietsof500,000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancer,willprovidesomeanswers.

EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorway,SwedenandDenmarkhavethelowestconsumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingatleastfiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer.

Key,principalscientistontheEPICstudy,saiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancersincludingcolorectal,breastandprostate

第五篇：

MenTooMaySufferfromDomesticViolence（C级）

Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimes,accordingtooneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen.

“Manymenactuallydoexperiencedomesticviolence,althoughwedon’thearaboutitoften,”Dr.RobertJ.ReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle,oneofthestudy’sauthors,toldReutersHealth.“Theyoftendon’ttellandwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolencethattheyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem.”

Theresearchersaskedstudyparticipantsaboutphysicalabuseandnon-physicalabuse,suchasthreatsthatmadethemfearfortheirsafety,controllingbehavior（forexample,beingtoldwhotheycouldassociatewithandwheretheycouldgo）,andconstantname-calling.

Amongmen18to54yearsold,14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears,while6.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear.

Rateswerelowerformen55andolder,with5.3percentreportingviolenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months.

Overall,30.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and2626.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeenvictimsofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfoftheviolencethemenexperiencedwasphysical.

However,thephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthatsufferedbywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrateditassevere,comparedto61percentofwomen.

Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealthproblemsthanthosewhohadnot,especiallyoldermen,theresearchersfound.

完型填空C级

1.第二篇：

Goingonadiet

第六部分完形填空

第一篇：

BetterControlofTBSeenIfaFasterCureisFound（C级）

TheWorldHealthOrganization1estimatesthataboutone-thirdofallpeopleareinfectedwithbacteriathatcausetuberculosis.Mosttimes,theinfectionremainsinactive.ButeachyearabouteightmillionpeopledevelopactivecasesofTB,usuallyintheir____1____.Twomillionpeopledie____2____it.Thediseasehas____3____withthespreadofAIDSanddrug-resistantformsoftuberculosis.

Currenttreatmentstakeatleastsixmonths.Patientshaveto____4____acombinationofseveralantibioticdrugsdaily.Butmanypeoplestop____5____theyfeelbetter.Doingthatcan____6____toaninfectionthatresiststreatment.Publichealthexpertsagreethatafaster-actingcurefortuberculosiswouldbemoreeffective.Nowastudyestimatesjusthow____7____itmightbe.AprofessorofinternationalhealthatHarvardUniversity2ledthestudy.JoshuaSalomonsaysashortertreatmentprogramwouldlikelymeannotjustmorepatients____8____.Itwouldalsomean____9____infectiouspatientswhocanpassontheirinfectiontoothers.

Theresearchersdevelopedamathematicalmodeltoexaminetheeffectsofatwo-monthtreatmentplan.They____10____themodelwithcurrentTBconditionsinSoutheastAsia.Thescientistsfoundthatatwo-monthtreatmentcouldpreventabouttwentypercentofnewcase