届高三英语二轮复习专题能力提升练 十八 阅读理解2 Word版含答案.docx
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届高三英语二轮复习专题能力提升练十八阅读理解2Word版含答案
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专题能力提升练十八
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Robotsarecommonintoday’sworld.Theymanufacturecars,workinspace,exploreoceans,cleanupoilspillsandinvestigatedangerousenvironments.Andnow,scientistsattheUniversityofManchesterareusingarobotasalaboratorypartner.
Theresearchersattheuniversitycreatedtherobotin2009andnameditAdam.Despitethename,Adamisnotahumanoidrobot.Itisaboutthesizeofacar.
Adamwasbuilttodoscienceandmakediscoveries.RossKingistheleaderoftheUniversityofManchesterresearchteam.Hesaystherobotmadeadiscoveryaboutyeast(酵母),akindoffungususedinscienceasamodelforhumancells.
“Adamhypothesizedcertainfunctionsofgeneswithinyeastandexperimentallytestedthesehypothesizesandconfirmedthem.Soitbothhypothesizedandconfirmednewscientificknowledge.”
Adam’ssuccessasascientistledtothecreationofanotherrobotscientistnamedEve.ResearchersdevelopedEvetodesignandtestdrugsfortropicalandneglecteddiseases.Thesediseaseskillandinfectmillionsofpeopleeachyear.
Drugdevelopmentisslowandcostly.Expertssayitcantakemorethan10yearsandabout$1billiontodiscoveranddevelopnewmedicines.Drugmanufacturersareunlikelytogettheirinvestmentmoneyback.
SotheUniversityofManchesterdevelopedalow-costtestthatshowswhetherornotachemicalislikelytobemadeintoaneffectivemedicine.MrKingsaysthatotherdrugtestingmethodswerenotveryeffective.
“Howitworksconventionallyisyouuserobotics(机器人技术)aswellandyouhavealargecollectionofpossibledrugs.Youtesteverysinglecompound(复合物).Andyoustartatthebeginningofyourlibraryandcontinueuntiltheend,andstop.Soit’snotaveryintelligentprocess.Theroboticsdoesn’tlearnanythingasitgoesalong,evenifit’stestedamillioncompounds,itstilldoesn’thaveanyexpectationofwhatwillhappennextwhenittestsanewcompound.”
MrKingsaysthatEveisdifferentbecausetherobotlearnsasittestsdifferentcompounds.Hesaystherobotisdesignedtoignorecompoundsthatitthinksunlikelytobegood.Itwillonlytestthecompoundswhichhaveagoodchanceofworking.
Evehasdiscoveredthatacompoundknowntobeeffectiveagainstcancermightalsobeusedtofightagainstmalariaandothertropicaldiseases.
MrKingsayshehopestocompletelyautomatethedrugtestingprocesswithrobotslikeEvetocreateandtestnewchemicals.Buthesayshumansremainincontrolofthemanufacturingprocess.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍的是机器人能帮助科学家们测试药物,研发药物。
1.AdamcandoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.
A.makingdiscoveries B.workinginspace
C.helpingresearchersD.doingscientificresearch
【解析】选B。
细节判断题。
根据第三段的内容可知,没有太空工作。
2.Theunderlinedword“hypothesized”probablymeans______.
A.learnedB.guessed
C.discoveredD.created
【解析】选B。
词义猜测题。
根据上下文可知,这句话的意思是:
亚当假设基因在酵母中拥有某些功能并验证了这些假设。
hypothesized在这里是“假设,猜测”的意思。
【误区警示】本题可能会误选其他选项,主要原因是未能根据上下文准确理解这句话的含义,做此类题根据其本义再结合语境来进行推断是解题的关键。
3.Thedevelopmentofnewdrugsisslowbecause______.
a.ittakeslongtotestnewdrugs.
b.ittakeslongtoproducenewdrugs.
c.newdrugsarelesseffective.
d.ittakeslongtoprofitfromnewdrugs.
e.conventionaltestingmethodsdon’tworkwell.
A.abc B.bcd C.cde D.ade
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据Expertssayitcantakemorethan10yearsandabout$1billiontodiscoveranddevelopnewmedicines.Drugmanufacturersareunlikelytogettheirinvestmentmoneyback.可知答案为D。
4.Evehasanadvantageof______.
A.testingamillioncompoundatatime
B.controllingthemanufacturingprocess
C.expectingwhatwillhappenwhiletestingdrugs
D.makingscientificresearch
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据倒数第四段最后两句以及倒数第三段MrKingsaysthatEveisdifferentbecausetherobotlearnsasittestsdifferentcompounds...可知Eve不同于一般的机器人,它能边实验边学到一些东西,并能判断出药物中值得实验的有效成分。
5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.RobotScientistHelpsDesignNewDrugs
B.Adam—theSmartRobot
C.NewMethodstoTestDrugs
D.ScientistsDevelopHumanoidRobots
【解析】选A。
主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍的是机器人能帮助科学家们测试药物,研发药物。
故选A。
(2015·宁波二模)
Askanyonewhatisthemostdifficultpartofchangingtheirlifestylehabitsandtheyaremostlikelytosay,“Stayingmotivated”.Buta36-year-oldprofessorfromCarnegieMellonUniversityclaimsitmayhavetheanswerintheformofrobotweightlosscoachthatdishesoutdailyhealthadviceandencouragement.
AutomistheworkofIntuitiveAutomata,acompanybasedinShaTinwhichclaimstobeapioneerincommercialsocially-interactiverobots.
Therobot,whichstandsaround38centimeterstall,hasaheadthatswivels(旋转),blueeyes,andatouchscreenwhichallowstheusertoinputinformationdailyaboutexerciseanddiet.ItscreatorssayAutomwillhaveadailyconversationwithitsuserlastinguptofiveminutes,givingfeedbackandencouragement.Overtime,itwillinteractmorewiththeuserasitgathersmoreinformationabouthim.
CoryKidd,aresearchteammanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencyclaimsresearchhasshownthatpeoplefindrobotsamorereliablesourceofinformationthanon-screen-basedcharacter.
InacontrolledstudyinPittsburghCityCouncil,15dietersweregivenAutomforsixweeks.Another15receivedatouch-screencomputerwithidenticalsoftwareand15weregivenapaperlog.Thestudyfound,peopleusingtherobotaremorelikelytostickwiththeirdietslonger,infacttwiceaslongasthoseusingjustapaperlog.
“Whilenotonepersonamongthecomputerorpapergroupscontinuedpastsixweeks,mostwhohadAutomdidnotwanttogiveherbackattheconclusionofthestudy,”hesaid.
Thebottomlineisthatarobotcreatesamorepowerfulandlong-lastingrelationshipwiththeuserthanacharacteronthescreen.
AutomisexpectedtogoonsalelaterthisyearintheUnitedStatesforaround$500.ArobotwhichspeaksandunderstandsCantoneseandMandarininadditiontoEnglishaccordingtothedemandsisalsobeingdeveloped.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是一种新型机器人可以帮助人们坚持某种习惯,并提升人们的动力。
6.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ThedevelopmentofAutom
B.Theautomatedwaytomotivation
C.Theworkingprincipleofrobots
D.Thewaytochangethelifestylehabits
【解析】选B。
主旨大意题。
本文讲述一种机器人可以帮助人们坚持某种习惯,提升人们的动力,故选B项。
7.Whatcanweknowaboutthecontrolledstudy?
A.ThestudywasledbyCoryKidd.
B.Thesubjectsweredividedbytwo.
C.EverypersonwithAutomcontinuedpastsixweeks.
D.PeopleusingAutomgainedmorebenefitsthanotherpeople.
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。
根据第五段Thestudyfound,peopleusingtherobotaremorelikelytostickwiththeirdietslonger,infacttwiceaslongasthoseusingjustapaperlog.可知,研究发现用机器人的人更有可能长时间坚持节食,时长是用纸质日志的人的两倍,故选D。
8.WhichistrueaboutAutomaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thepriceofthisrobotisveryhigh.
B.Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.
C.Automcanactasacoachtohelploseweight.
D.TheserobotscalledAutomhavebeenusedwidely.
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第一段可知,这个36岁的教授声称这个机器人能当减肥教练,并提供日常健康方面的建议和鼓励。
9.WhichinstitutionisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofAutom?
A.IntuitiveAutomata.
B.PittsburghCityCouncil.
C.CarnegieMellonUniversity.
D.FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
根据第二段AutomistheworkofIntuitiveAutomata可知,这种机器人是IntuitiveAutomata的产品。
10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Therobotcanhelppeoplechangetheirlifestylehabits.
B.Therobotcan’tspeakEnglishexceptCantoneseandMandarin.
C.Therobotthatcanspeakmanylanguageshasbeenpopularwiththeusers.
D.Therobotthatcanspeakmanylanguagesmeetsthedemandofthecustomers.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
根据第一段内容可推知答案应选A。
Youhavesignedonformonthsofhardwork.You’refarfromhome.Thepayisbad.Thefoodisworse.Youfindrarecomfortinthesimplesongsthatyouandyourworkmatessing.
Thisiswhatasailor’slifewaslikeinthe1800s.Thesongssungaboardshipswerecalledseashanties.Youhaveprobablyheardashantyortwoyourself.Manyofthesesongshavelastedthroughtheyears.Theycanoftenbefoundinsurprisingplacestoday.
SeaShantiesThen...
Seashantieswerevaluablefriendstosailors.Someshanties,suchas“BlowtheManDown”,hadlivelywordsandmelodies.Theybrokeuptheboredomoflongtrips.Othershanties,includingonecalled“Oh,Shenandoah”,hadasaddertone.Theyhelpedseafarersexpresslongingandloneliness.Stillothershanties,suchas“LeaveHer,Johnny”,letsailorscomplainabouttheirhardlives.
Butthefirstjoboftheseashantywastohelpthemenworkasateam.Shipshadsailsthatwerecontrolledbyasystemofmovingropes.Formanyjobs,allofthesailorshadtopullontheropesatonce.
Whenfacedwithsuchajob,theshantyman,orsongleader,beganatune.Thecrewjoinedinonthechorus,anditmighthavesoundedlikeaplayfulsing-along.Butwhenthesailorscametoacertainbeat,theyknewitwasthesignaltopulltogetherwithalltheirmight.
Raisingorloweringtheanchorcalledforarhythmwithaslow,steadymotion.Then,theshantymanwouldchooseashantywithaslow,steadybeattomatchthejob.Eachdutyonthesailingshiphaditsownrhythmanditsownkindofsong.
...andSeaShantiesNow
Seashantieshavebeenpasseddowntousinmuchthesamewayasfolkstories.Longago,someonecameupwithamemorableideaandmelody.Othersrepeatedtheshanty,oftenaddingchangesalongtheway.
Overtime,peoplesawtheseashantyforthetreasureitwas.Likeanytreasure,shantieswerecollected.Manywerewrittendowninbooks.
Wheredotheoldshantiesappearnow?
Today’smusicalartistslovethefun,beauty,andhist