届宁夏银川一中高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案.docx

届宁夏银川一中高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案.docx

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届宁夏银川一中高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案

2021届宁夏银川一中高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

TopFourMarathons

PortlandMarathon

Themarathonwelcomes8000peopleeveryfall.It’sagreateventforfirst-timersbecauseeveryoneischeeredonwithenthusiasmnomatterhowlongittakestocrossthefinishline.Thetimelimitforthefullmarathonisnowatapaceofminutespermile,or6hoursand33minutes,butinthepastithadanopentimelimit.Theypromiseyou’llstillreceiveyourmedalifyoufallbehindthepace,butyouhavetofinishusingthesidewalks.

TCSNewYorkCityMarathon

Astheworld’sbiggestmarathon,theTCSNewYorkCityMarathonattractsover50,000peopletotheBigAppleeachNovember.Thetimelimitisgenerouseightandahalfhours,butparticipantsmustmovetothesidewalkiftheydropbelow15-minutemile.Thefamouscoursesnakesthroughfiveboroughs（行政区）ofthecityandcrossesfivebridgestoendinCentralPark.

HonoluloMarathon

Themarathonattractsover30,000participantseachDecember.TheracestartsonAlaMoanaBoulevardindowntownHonoluluandsnakesitswayalongthebreathtakingHawaiiancoastlinetothefinishlineinKapiolaniPark.Thestarttimeisat5:

00amwithfinishlineservicesofficiallyopenuntil2:

00pm.However,theorganizersalloweveryonetofinishandhavewaitersonhanduntil4:

00pm.

BostonMarathon

ThemarathonisheldinMayeveryyear.Forthiseventrunningisn’tallowedasthecitystreetsaren’tclosedoff.Participantsmustinsteadmaketheirwayalongsidewalksundertheguidanceofeventorganizersandcitypolice.Theeventattractsover8,000peoplewhocanchooseanythingfromthree-milewalktothefull26.2-mileBostonMarathonroute.

1.Whereisanewmarathonrunnermostlikelytoreceiveenthusiasticcheers?

A.InPortland.B.InNewYork.

C.InHonolulu.D.InBoston.

2.WhatcanweknowaboutTCSNewYorkCityMarathon?

A.Itisextremelypopular.B.Ithasanopentimelimit.

C.Itstartsandendsinapark.D.Itforbidsusingthesidewalk.

3.Whichmarathonisheldtheearliestinayear?

A.PortlandMarathon.B.TCSNewYorkCityMarathon.

C.BostonMarathon.D.HonoluluMarathon.

B

“They’reharmingyourbrain.”“They’reruiningyoureyes.”“They’returningyouintoaviolentperson.”Thewordssaidpubliclyagainstvideogamesaresocommon,butaretheseworriesfoundedonactualscience?

Countlessstudieshaveoffereddifferentopinionsonwhethervideogamesarebadforyou.We’veroundedupthemostnotablereportsandstudiesbelow,soyoucanweighuptheevidenceforyourself.

In2013,psychologist（心理学家）SimoneKuhnstudiedtheinfluencesofspendinglonghoursonvideogamesonthebrainsofyoungadultsandfoundthatseveralareasbecamebiggerthanbefore.Theseareasareconnectedwithhighercognitivefunctions（认知功能）,memoryformationandfinemotor（精细运动）function.

Lastyear,psychologistssaidthatvideogameplayerswhofavourviolentgamesaremorelikelytobeviolentwhenoffline.Dr.MarkAppelbaumoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationsaidthattherewasarelationbetweenviolentvideogameuseandincreasesinviolentbehaviour.

Dr.DaphneBavelierisanexpertinthefieldofBrain&CognitiveSciences.Bavelierpresentedtheaudiencewithacolour-wordtest,wherenon-gamersareeasilypuzzledbythetest,andthosewhospendlongperiodsplayingontheircomputersaremorelikelytopassthetestwithflyingcolours.

“Actually,thosevideogameplayershavemanyotheradvantagesintermsofattention,”saidBavelier,“andonepartofattentionwhichisalsoimprovedforthebetterisourabilitytofollowthemovementsofobjects.”

“So,inasense,whenwethinkabouttheinfluenceofvideogamesonthebrain,it’sverysimilartotheinfluenceofwineonthehealth.Therearesomeverypoorusesofwine.Therearesomeverypoorusesofvideogames.Butwhendrunkinreasonableamounts,andattherightage,winecanbeverygoodforhealth,”saidBavelier.

4.WhatcanbelearnedfromSimoneKuhn’sstudy？

A.Videogamesmakeyouhappier.

B.Videogamesmakeyourbraingrow.

C.Videogamesplayakeyroleinmemory.

D.Videogamesteachyouhowtolearnfast.

5.WhatwasDr.MarkAppelbaum’sattitudetowardsvideogames？

A.Hewasagainstthem.B.Hewashopefulofthem.

C.Hewasinfavourofthem.D.Hewasuncertainaboutthem.

6.WhichofthefollowingmayDr.DaphneBavelieragreewith？

A.Videogamesfixattentionproblems.

B.Videogamesmakekidsdowellinexams.

C.Videogamesencourageviolentbehaviour.

D.Videogameshelpincreasecolourknowledge.

7.Whyaretheusesofwinementionedinthelastparagraph？

A.Toremindpeopletoavoidvideogames.

B.Toshowthedisadvantagesofvideogames.

C.Tohelppeoplelearnmoreaboutvideogames.

D.Toaskpeopletomakegooduseofvideogames.

C

Thereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.

Inanobservationalstudy,whichhasnotyetbeenpeer-reviewed,researchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordstudiedtherelationshipbetweentheself-reportedalcoholintakeofsome25,000peopleintheUK,andtheirbrainscans.Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed,"accordingtoleadauthorAnyaTopiwala,aseniorclinicalresearcheratOxford.

“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter,“Topiwalasaidviaemail."Brainvolumereduceswithageandmoreseverelywithdementia（痴呆症）.Smallerbrainvolumealsopredictsworseperformanceonmemorytesting,“sheexplained."Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis（0.8%）,itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”

Theteamalsoinvestigatedwhethercertaindrinkingpatterns,beveragetypesandotherhealthconditionsmadeadifferencetotheimpactofalcoholonbrainhealth.Theyfoundthattherewasno"safe"levelofdrinking-meaningthatconsuminganyamountofalcoholwasworsethannotdrinkingit.Theyalsofoundnoevidencethatthetypeofdrink—suchaswine,spiritsorbeer—affectedtheharmdonetothebrain.However,certaincharacteristics,suchashighbloodpressure,obesityorbinge-drinking,couldputpeopleathigherrisk,researchersadded.

Therisksofalcoholhavelongbeenknown：

Previousstudieshavefoundthatthere'snoamountofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforyouroverallhealth.Alcoholwastheleadingriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeathinmenandwomenbetweentheagesof15and49worldwidein2016,accountingfornearlyonein10deaths,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetin2018.

“Ithasbeenknownfordecadesthatheavydrinkingisbadforbrainhealth,"SadieBoniface,headofresearchattheUK'sInstituteofAlcoholStudies,saidviaemail."Wealsoshouldn'tforgetalcoholaffectsallpartsofthebodyandtherearemultiplehealthrisks.”

8.Whatisthefunctionofgraymatter?

A.ControlthemountofalcoholB.Processinformation

C.ScanthebrainD.Predicttheperformanceonmemory

9.WhichisNOTtrueinthefollowingstatementsaccordingtothestudy?

A.Drinkingalcoholisworsethannotdrinking.

B.Withpeoplegettingolder,brainvolumereduces.

C.Alcoholwasthemajorriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeath.

D.Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.

10.Whichisoneofthe"modifiable"riskfactors?

A.SmokingB.AgingC.DeathD.Disease

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Themountofalcoholisnotrelatedtopeople'shealth.

B.Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.

C.Peopledrinkingalcoholleadtodementia.

D.Theresagreatdealofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforhealth.

D

Babieswhofrequentlycommunicatewiththeircaregiversusingeyecontactandvocalisations（发声）attheageofonearemorelikelytodevelopgreaterlanguagesskillsbythetimetheyreachtwo,accordingtonewresearch.

Inthestudy,researcherslookedat11-and12-month-odbabies'vocalisations.gesturesandgazebehaviours,andathowtheircaregiversrespondedtothem.Tomeasureheinteractions,theresearchersvideoedinfants（婴儿）andcaregiverathome,andaskedthemtoplayasusual.Theytookthoserecordingsbacktotheuniversity

Thescientiststhenusedstatisticalmodelstofindthatthebestpredictorofvocabularyat24monthswaswheninfantswereseentousevocalsatiomswhilelookingattheircaregiver'sfacewhentheywereaboutayearold.Thebenefitswereevengreaterwhentheseinteractionswerefollowedbyresponsesfromthecaregiver.

Thestatisticsshowedthatat19months,childrenhadanaverageofabout100words.Thosewhoexhibitedthebeneficialinteractivebehaviourearlierinlifewereseentohaveanaverageofabout30extrawords.

"Themessageofthispaperisthatitistheresultofajointeffort;noticingwhatyourchildisattendingtoandtalkingtothemaboutitwillsupporttheirlanguagedevelopment."saidMcGillion,aco-authorofthework.

"Thejoyofthismessageisthatthatcanhappeninanycontext...acrossanypartofyourday.It'snotsomethingthatrequiresspecialequipmentorevenlotsoftime.Icanhappenwhenyou'redoingthelaundry,forexample—whenyou'retakingoutthesocks,youcantalkaboutsocks...inthepark,inthecar,atmealtimes,atbathtimes.Thisfindingcanbeusedinanycontext,"addedMcGillion.

"Thisisadevelopmentalsnapshotinthefirstyearoflife,butchildrenareconstantlygrowingandchangingandsoaretheirbehav