高考英语阅读理解专项训练.docx

高考英语阅读理解专项训练.docx

《高考英语阅读理解专项训练.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解专项训练.docx（49页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练

高考英语阅读理解专项训练

说理议论类

（一）

　　Feelingblueabouttheworld?

“Cheerup.”sayssciencewriterMattRidley.“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein,anditwillkeepongettingbetterbothforhumansandfornature.”

　　Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogresstobebothunavoidableandgood.Andthisiswhathe'ssetouttoprovefromauniquepointofviewinhismostrecentbook,TheRationalOptimist.Heviewsmankindasagrandenterprisethat,onthewhole,hasdonelittlebutprogressfor100,000years.Hebackshisfindingswithhardfactsgatheredthroughyearsofresearch.

　　Here'showheexplainshisviews.

　　1）Shoppingfuelsinvention

　　ItisreportedthattherearemorethantenbilliondifferentproductsforsaleinLondonalone.Evenallowingforthemanypeoplewhostillliveinpoverty,ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood,moreconvenienttransport,biggerhouses,bettercars,and,ofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongasweusethesethingstomakeotherthings.Themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe'llbe.

　　2）Brilliantadvances

　　Onereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer?

?

livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food,clothing,fuelandshelter—havegrown alotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800acandleproviding onehour'slightcostsixhours'work. Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes'worktopayfor. In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit'shalfsecond.

　　3）Let'snotkillourselvesforclimatechange

　　Mitigating（减轻）climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimatechangeitself. Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage,wheretheuseoffossil?

?

fuel（化石燃料）electricityisforbiddenbywell?

?

meaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld,isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange.Ifclimatechangeprovestobemild,butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain,wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppedanose?

?

bleedbyputtingatourniquet（止血带）aroundournecks.

　　1.WhatisthethemeofRidley'smostrecentbook?

　　 A.Weaknessofhumannature.

　　 B.Concernaboutclimatechange.

　　 C.Importanceofpracticalthinking.

　　 D.Optimismabouthumanprogress.

　　2.HowdoesRidleylookatshopping?

　　 A.Itencouragesthecreationofthings.

　　 B.Itresultsinshortageofgoods.

　　 C.Itdemandsmorefossilfuels.

　　 D.Itcausesapovertyproblem.

　　3.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat________.

　　 A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandles

　　 B.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife

　　 C.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles

　　 D.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods

　　4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?

　　 A.Cuttingcarbonisnecessaryinspiteofthehugecost.

　　 B.Overreactiontoclimatechangemaybedangerous.

　　 C.People'shealthiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechange.

　　 D.Carelessmedicaltreatmentmaycausegreatpain.

　　答案与解析

　　1．D　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogress...”Ridley自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。

这就是他在近期的一本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题。

故此处D项正确。

　　2．A　推理判断题。

根据第一个小标题题目“Shoppingfuelsinvention”以及其内容最后一句“Themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe'llbe.”可知，购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，这种情况越多，我们将会越富有。

故此处A项正确。

　　3．D　细节理解题。

从第二个标题内容可知，我们生活远比以前富裕，健康，长寿，人也长得高了，也比以前聪明了，其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。

因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述，故此处D项正确。

　　4.B　推理判断题。

由文章最后一句可知，如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血。

此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在危险。

故B项正确。

（二）

Inbusiness,there'saspeeddifference:

It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm'sleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive（竞争的）strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.

　　Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogain_an_edgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack.What'smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup”improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree?

?

yearperiod.

　　Howdidtheydisobeythe_laws_of_business_physics,_takingmoretime than competitors yet performing better?

Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationalspeed（movingquickly）andstrategicspeed（reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue）．Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower?

?

qualityproductsandservices.

　　Inourstudy,higher?

?

performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast（相比而言）,performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn'tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.

　　Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.

　　1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?

　　   A．Increasethespeed.　　　    

　　B．Getanadvantage.

　　   C．Reachthelimit.         

　　D．Setagoal.

　　2．Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means________.

　　   A．spendingmoretimeandperformingworse

　　   B．spendingmoretimeandperformingbetter

　　   C．spendinglesstimeandperformingworse

　　   D．spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter

　　3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

　　   A．Howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.

　　   B．Howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.

　　   C．Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.

　　   D．Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.

　　4．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

　　   A．Improvequality?

Servebetter.

　　   B．Delivervalue?

Ploughahead.

　　   C．Reducetime?

Movefaster.

　　   D．Needspeed?

Slowdown.

　　答案与解析

　　1.B　词义猜测题。

许多公司都想选择提速来获取优势，而不是达到极限或设定目标，故getanadvantage正确。

　　2.D　细节理解题。

由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含义：

他们怎样违反商业物理规则，比做得更好的竞争对手花了更多的时间？

他们不同地看待更慢和更快的意思。

可知商业物理规则应是用更少的时间做得更好。

故选D项。

　　3.C　推理判断题。

文章主要讲述了strategicspeed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也说明了这一点：

运用策略速度的公司往往在必要时作出改变。

故选C项。

　　4．D　主旨大意题。

文章围绕speed展开，且区分了operationalspeed与strategicspeed，强调了后者的重要性，故D项正确。

（三）

　　Skepticsareastrangelot.Someofthemrefusetoadmittheseriousthreatofhumanactivitiestotheenvironment,andtheyaretiredofpeoplewhodisagreewiththem.Thosepeople,sayskeptics,spreadnothingbutbadnewsabouttheenvironment.The“eco?

?

guilt”broughtonbythediscouragingnewsaboutourplanetgivesrisetothepopularityofskepticsaspeoplesearchformorecomfortingworldviews.

　　PerhapsthatexplainswhyanewbookbyBjornLomborgreceivedsomuchpublicity.Thatbook,TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,declaresthatitmeasuresthe“realstateoftheworld”asfine.Ofcourse,anotherexplanationisthedeeppocketsofsomebigbusinesseswithspecialinterests.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg'sviewsaresimilartothoseofsomeindustry?

?

fundedorganizations,whichstarthugeactivitiesthroughthemediatoconfusethepublicaboutissueslikeglobalwarming.

　　SoitwasstrangetoseeMr.Lomborg'sbookgolargelyunchallengedinthemediathoughhisbeliefswerecontrarytomostscientificopinions.OnenationalnewspaperinCanadarananumberofarticlesandreviewsfullofwordsofpraise,evenwiththeconclusionthat“AfterLomborg,theenvironmentalmovementwillbegintodiedown.”

　　Suchone?

?

sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.ButonlyadifferentreviewappearedinNature,arespectedsciencemagazinewithspecificreadership.ThereviewremarkedthatMr.Lomborg's“preferenceforunexaminedmaterialsisincredible（不可信的）”．

　　Acritical（批判的）eyeisvaluable,andthemediashouldpresentinformationinsuchawaythatcouldallowpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Unfortunately,thatisofteninaccessibleasblockedbythedesiretobeshockingortodefendsomespecialinterests.Peoplemightbecomehalf?

?

blindbeforeaworldpartiallyexhibitedbythemedia. That'sashame,becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.

　　1．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayberegardedas“skeptics”?

　　  A．Peoplewhoagreeonthepopularityof“eco?

?

guilt”．

　　  B．Peoplewhodisbelievetheserioussituationofourplanet.

　　  C．Peoplewhodisliketheharmfuleffectofhumanactivities.

　　  D．Peoplewhospreadcomfortingnewstoprotectourenvironment.

　　2．WhichofthefollowingcanbeareasonforthepopularityofLomborg'sbook?

　　  A．Somebigbusinessesintendtoprotecttheirowninterests.

　　  B．Thebookchallengesviewsaboutthefinestateoftheworld.