初中英语 中考备考话题阅读理解发明和发明家.docx

初中英语 中考备考话题阅读理解发明和发明家.docx

《初中英语 中考备考话题阅读理解发明和发明家.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语 中考备考话题阅读理解发明和发明家.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

初中英语中考备考话题阅读理解发明和发明家

1.阅读理解

   Overthousandsofyears,Chinahasproducedalargenumberofinventions.Andthefourinventionsnamelypaper,gunpowder,thecompassandprinting,aretraditionallyreferredtoastheFourGreatInventionsinChina.

   TheinventionofpaperasweknowcameinChinaaround105AD.TheinventorofpaperistraditionallyconsideredtobeCaiLun.ThegreatthingaboutCaiLun'sinventionwasthathispaperwasgoodtowriteon,cheap,lightandeasytocarry.However,arecentevidence（证据）showspaperwasinuseinChinatwohundredyearsearlier.

   Thesecondgreatinvention,printing,goescloselywithpaper.Buildingonotherprintingtechnology,BiShenginventedmovabletypeprintingaround1040.Beforeitsinvention,peoplecopieddownthingsbyhandwriting.Todayalmosteveryoneintheworldusesprinting.Peoplecanuseittoprintnewspapers,magazinesandbooks.

   ThethirdgreatChineseinventionisgunpowder.GunpowderwasinventedintheTangDynasty.Beforeitsinvention,peoplecouldn'tdosomeconstructionlikebuildingmountaintunnels（隧道）.Todaysoldiersuseitingunsandcannons.Constructorsuseittobreakrocksintopieces.Scientistsuseitinrocketsasfuel.

   ThecompasswasinventedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod.ThecircularcentrerepresentsHeaven,andthesquareplaterepresentsEarth.Thehandleofthespoonpointssouth.ThespreadofthecompasstoEuropeopenedtheoceansoftheworldtotravelandledtothediscoveryoftheNewWorld.

（1）CaiLun'spaperhasmanyadvantagesEXCEPTthat        .

A.itwasveryexpensiveB.itwasnicetowriteon

C.itwasverylightD.peoplecouldcarryiteasily

（2）Chinaisgoingtosend ShenzhouXIspaceshipintospaceinMay,2016.______willbeusedasfuel.

A.WoodB.PrintingC.PaperD.Gunpowder

（3）Thefifthparagraphisprobablyabout _________.

A.PrintingB.gunpowderC.paperD.thecompass

（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe"_______".

A.China,aCountrywithLongHistoryB.China,aCountrywithManyInventions

C.China'sFourGreatInventionsD.China'sSpaceDream

【参考答案】ADDC

2.阅读理解

   Thebiggestsecretaboutinventionisthatanybodycandoit!

Perhapsthissoundscrazy,butit'strue.Maybeyouhavethewrongideaaboutinvention,soreadontodiscoverthetruth.

   Wrongidea1:

Aninventionhastobesomethingcompletelynew.

   Inventionmeanscreatingsomething"new",buttheideacouldcomefromsomethingthatalreadyexists（存在）.TheWrightbrothers,forexample,gottheideaofbuildinga"flyingmachine"fromwatchingbirds.

   Wrongidea2:

Inventorsareborn,notmade.

   Therearealotoffactors（因素）thatmakeinventionpossible.TakeMozartforexample.Hewasbornwithatalentformusicalcomposition.Butotherfactorswerealsoimportantforhiscreativity.Hisfatherwasamusicteacher,andMozartpracticedforhourseveryday,fromthetimehewasfouryearsold.ThomasEdisonsaidthatbeinganinventorwas"99%hardworkand1%inspiration"!

   Verysuccessfulcreatorsdon'tgiveupwhentheygetsomethingwrong.Asoneinventorsaid,"Afailureistherightanswertothewrongquestion."

   Wrongidea3:

Inventorsarealwaysoldpeople.

   Don'tbelievethatyoucan'tinventanythingwhenyouareyoung.Herearetwoexamplesofyounginventors:

LouisBraillewentblindwhenhewasachild.Whenhewasfifteen,heinventedasystemofreadingandwritingforblindpeoplethatisstillusedinmostcountriestoday.

   Asayoungman,GeorgeNissenwaswatchingsomeartistsperforminginashow.Hewatchedhowtheyfellintothesafetynetandthenjumpedbackupagain.Thisgavehimanidea,andheinventedthetrampoline（蹦床）.

（1）_____________gottheideaofbuildinga"flyingmachine"fromwatchingbirds.

A.MozartB.GeorgeNissenC.LouisBrailleD.TheWrightbrothers

（2）Theunderlinedword"inspiration"probablymeans"_____________"inChinese.

A.态度B.品质C.灵感D.能量

（3）Thewriterwantstotellus_____________inWrongidea2.

A.MozartisatalentedmusicianB.successfulcreatorskeepworkinghard

C.nottogiveupthewrongquestionD.manysuccessfulexamples

（4）Whichofthefollowingisthewriter'sopinion?

A.Anybodycandoinventing.B.Inventorsareborn，notmade.

C.Inventorsarealwaysoldpeople.D.Aninventionhastobesomethingcompletelynew.

（5）Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe"_____________".

A.HowtoperforminashowB.Beacomposer

C.HowtohelpblindpeopleD.Beaninventor

【参考答案】DCBAD

3.阅读理解

   ThomasAlvaEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsofalltimes.Oneofhismostfamousachievementsistheelectriclight.Hetriedthousandsoftimestomakealong-lastinglightbulb（灯泡）Althoughthelightbulbisnothisinvention,heistheonlyonetohavemadesuchasuccessfullightbulb.Manypeoplerememberhimfortheinventionoftheelectriclight.Heheldalotofpatents（专利权）worldwide.Manyofthemwereapproved（批准）intheUSA.

   Wecanfindhisinventionsinmanyfields.Infact,manyoftheadvancedinventionswerebasedonhisideas.Heinventedaphonograph（留声机）,afilmpicturecamera,aticketrecorderandsoon.

   Edisonwasnotagoodstudentatschool.Buthelovedtodonewexperiments.Whenhewasstillachild,hebuilthisfirstlabtoperformhisexperiments.

   AnamazingstoryofEdison'schildhoodisthathealmostmadehisservantdie.Edisonusedtothinkthatbirdsateinsectsandtheseinsectsmightmakethemfly.Sohecollectedtheseinsectsandblendedthemtomakejuice.Hethenlethisservantdrinkthejuice.Afterdrinkingthejuice,thegirllosthersense.Butluckily,shewassaved.

（1）ManyofEdison'spatentswereapproved______.

A.allovertheworldB.inEnglandC.inAmericaD.inGermany

（2）The______isnotoneofEdison'sinventions.

A.phonographB.filmpicturecameraC.ticketrecorderD.television

（3）Edisonmadeinsectjuiceandlethisservantdrinkbecause_________.

A.hewantedtopunishhisservantforhermistakes

B.hewantedtoknowifthejuicecouldmakeherfly

C.hehatedinsectsandkilledthem

D.hisservantlikedtoeatinsectsandaskedEdisontodothat

（4）Atlast,theservant______.

A.wassavedB.losthersightC.lostherlifeD.becameaninventor

（5）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Edisontriedoncetomakethefirstlightbulb.

B.Edisonwasaverypopularstudentatschoolandlovedbyhisteachers.

C.ThelightbulbisnotEdison'sinvention,butheisrememberedforit.

D.Edisonpreformedhisfirstexperimentwhenhegrewup.

【参考答案】CDBAC

4.阅读理解

   Whoinventedtoys?

It'shardtobelievemillions,maybebillionsofpeoplehaveinventedtoys.Mostofthesepeoplearekids.Kidsinventtoysfromallkindsofmaterials,suchasstones,sticks,paper,evenclothes.Andthesetoysareindifferentshapes;round,square,andsoon.

   Sometimesadultsinventtoys,too,butinmanycases（在许多情况下）,theydon'tactuallyinventthetoybuttakeatoythathasbeeninventedsomewherebeforeandmakeitpopular.Taketheyo-yoforexample.Yo-yoshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears.Weknowthisbecauseyo-yoshavebeenfoundinancientgraves（坟墓）insomecountries.Thisishowweknowthatstoneyo-yoswereusedbackinancientGreece.Inthe1800s,theybecameverypopularaschildren'stoys,firstinEnglandandthenintheUnitedStates.ThenpeoplegottiredofthemforawhileuntilDonaldDuncanwentintotheyo-yobusiness.He hired "yo-yomen"todemonstrate（示范）andsellyo-yosdoortodoor.Thisway,yo-yosgotpopularlittlebylittle.TodaythenameDuncanstillgoeswithyo-yos,oneofthemostpopulartoysaroundtheworld.

   Anotherexampleisteddybears.Teddybears,oneofthemostpopulartoys,werenamedafterapresidentoftheUnitedStates,althoughhedidn'tinventthem.PresidentTeddyRooseveltwasahunter（猎人）.Hewasgoodathuntingandononeofhishuntingtripshehadmetabear.Thatledtoeditorial（社论）cartoonsshowingpicturesofPresidentRooseveltandacutelittlebear.Somehowthatledtocute,sewed（缝制的）bearsforlittlekidstoplaywith.

（1）Accordingtothepassage，mosttoyswereinventedby___________.

A.mistakeB.accidentC.childrenD.adults

（2）Theunderlinedword"hired"probablymeans"___________"inChinese.

A.支持B.反对C.雇佣D.销售

（3）Fromthesecondparagraphwecanknowyo-yos___________.

A.werepopularfirstintheUnitedStatesB.weretakentoEnglandfromAmerica

C.werealwayspopularintheUnitedStatesD.werepopularagainbecauseofDuncan

（4）TeddyRoosevelt___________.

A.wasapresidentoftheUnitedStatesB.inventedteddybears

C.wasacartooneditorD.tookphotosofabear

（5）WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?

A.Yo-yoswerenotpopularintheUnitedStatesforawhile.

B.Yo-yoswerepopularinEngland.

C.TeddyBearwasapresident'sname.

D.Childrencaninventtoyswithalmostallkindsofthings.

【参考答案】CCDAC

5.阅读理解

Aninventioninfrontofyoureyes

   Whatisthemostimportantinventionofalltime?

Isitthewrittenwordthathelpsustorecordinformation?

Isitthetelephonethatletsustalktopeoplefromallovertheworld?

Isitthecarthatletsustravelatgreatspeedstomeetothers?

UmbertoEco,anItalianwriter,thinksitissomethingquitedifferent.Hesaysthemostimportantinventionmightbebrightinfrontofyoureyes.Heistalkingaboutasimplepairglasses.

   Moderneyeglasseswereinventedaround1000yearsago.Theyweremorethanjustaconvenientwaytoread.Beforeglasses,writers,scientistsorteacherswhocouldnotseeproperlyhadtomemorizeeverything.Afterabouttenyearsofpooreyesight,theycouldnotrememberwellenoughandcouldnotwork.Glassesmeantthatpeoplecouldworki