最新中英文化下颜色词的不同涵义文献综述.docx

最新中英文化下颜色词的不同涵义文献综述.docx

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最新中英文化下颜色词的不同涵义文献综述

中英文化下颜色词的不同涵义-文献综述

LiteratureReview

C10英语

（1）张威

Wearelivinginacolorfulworldwherethereisavarietyofcolorspermeatingeveryareaofourdailylife.ColoritselfisanabstractconceptandColortermsarethelabelsandbasiccolortermsaretheprototypesinthedifferentcolorcategories.Basiccolorterms,magicinexpression,aretheculturalcarriersofdifferentlanguages.Itisclearthateachprogressofresearchiscloselylinkedwithhumancivilization.Colortermsformaspecialgroupofglossaryandthespecialqualityofcolortermhasbeenattractingscholarsfromhomeandabroad.

ResearchoncolortermsinforeigncountriescangobacktotheancientGreeceandmainlycenteredinphilosophy.Inthe17thcentury,withtheemergeofnaturalscience,peoplestudiedcolorandcolortermsinphysicsandoptics.Inthe18thcentury,thedevelopmentofphilosophygaverisetotheaestheticstudyofcolorwords.Inthe19thcentury,theriseofculturalstudylaidsolidfoundationforcontrastingandcomparingcolortermsfromacross-culturalperspective.Fromthelastcenturyuntilnow,thelinguists’participationmadethenotionsoftheuniversalityoflanguageprincipleshighlyvaluedandacceptedinthesystemofcolorterms.Intherecentthirtyyears,withthedevelopmentofneurology,biogenetics,cognitivescienceandcognitivepsychology,peopleareunveilingthecomplicatedrelationshipinthecolorterms’system,whichcontributestobetterunderstandingoftheinternalandexternalsystemsofcolorwordsandtofurtherthestudyoflinguisticcolorterms.

1.StudiesonColorinDifferentFieldsinWesternCountries

BasicColorTerms:

TheirUniversalityandEvolutionbyBerlinandKaysuggestthattheexpressionof“basiccolorterms”doesnothaveauniqueoperationaldefinition,yettheylayoutfourbasiccriteriatojudgewhetheracolorwordisbasicornot.Intheearly20thcentury,E.SapirandB.L.WholfputforwordLanguageRelativeTheory,thenBloomfieldcarriedoutCultureContactTheory,bothofwhichofferedafoundationforstudyingcolortermsintheframeoflanguageandculture.InfluencedbyBerlinandKay’spublication,basiccolortermstheoryhasresultedingreatachievementsincross-disciplineresearches.BerlinandKayarguethatbasiccolortermsinalllanguagesaredrawnfromauniversalinventoryofjust11colorcategories.Accordingtotheirtheory,everylanguagehasbetween2and11basiccolortermsandtheypresentahierarchywhichspecifiesalimitednumberofevolutionarypathsthatalanguagecantakewhenaddingnewcolorcategories.

Itpointsoutthatamongsomanycolorwords,weneedtofindoutbasiccolortermsanddoresearchonthesecolorterms.ThecrucialthingforustodoistostudythedifferencesbetweenbasiccolortermsinChineseandEnglishculture.

TheStudyofColorsbyGoethe,thenotedliterarygiant,believesthatshadesofcolorinnaturearerelatedtothesensoryattitudesofhumanbeings.Then,hefindsthatcolorcategoriesareprocessedbythehumanmind（learned,remembered,denotedandevolvedinlanguages）intermsoftheirinternalstructure.Basedontheresultsofexperimentsandrelevantstudies,heclaimsthatdifferentpsychologicalstatesoffeelingcanbeactivatedbydifferentcolorsintermsofwarmnessandcoldness.Hethinksthecolorsontheplussideareyellow,red-yellow（orange）,yellow-red（minimum,cinnabar）.Thefeelingstheyexcitearequickly,lively.Thecolorsontheminussideareblue,red-blueandblue-red.

Itisshowingthatknowingthedifferentmeaningsofcolorwordstendtobeknowledgeableinotherfield.Itmakesusconcernthingsinfullperspectiveswhichattributetomakethepaperconvectively.

Cross-culturalInvestigationofColorTermsbyMagnusin1880,statesthatcolortermsfrominformantsrepresentingdifferentculturesinmanypartsoftheworld.Heholdsanassumptionthatcolortermsarelinguisticallyrelativeandsemanticallyculture-specific.Theevidenceforthisassumptioninlinguisticsorsemanticsisthefactthatthereisonlyafewnumberofbasiccolorterms,whicharebelievedtorepresentahigherdegreeofabstractionandgenerality.Thenewtheoreticaldisputesaboutcolorterminology,andsupporttheexistenceofanevolutionaryfeatureincolorwordsbysuggestingthatprimitivepeople,beinginalessdevelopedstagesoftheircolorvocabulary,andindustrializedpeopledonothaveanidenticalcolor-sense.

Itchangespeople’sviewoftherelationshipbetweencolorterminologiesandtheirphysiologicalfoundations,andsomehowpredictedthepossibilityoflinguisticuniversalityincolorterms.

TheStudyoftheColorLexiconbyLakoffin1973,claimsthatwomenaremorelikelythanmentouse“fancy”orelaboratedcolorwordssuchasmauve,lavender,andbeigeinEnglish.Thesociolinguisticstudyofthecolorlexiconcanbefeasiblytakenasbeinginacomplimentarydistributionwiththecompletelyexaminedinthesensethatbothbasicandelaboratedcolortermsarestudied,andmostimportantofall,therelationshipsbetweenthesubjects’languageperformanceandpossiblesocialimplicationsaretakenintoaccount.Color words can not only describe the objective view and the thing, it also has the very strong moral effect, gives the abstract things and character, color, make expression added image of the figurative meaning. The color of simple to admire the orders of the characters of sublimation to conduct image expression is the language of the unique function of color words. Especially in cross-cultural communication because of different nationalities, life characteristics, psychological activities, emotion, in different degree, was given the cultural information connotation. 

Allmentionaboveaboutcolorabroadlaidasolidfoundationforfuturestudy.Meanwhile,theyalsogivesignificantsuggestionsandinsightstoourrelativeresearchathome.

2.StudiesonColorinDifferentFieldsinChineseCulture

OnomatopoeiaWords&ColorTermsandTheirTranslationbyZhangPeijiin1964,makesadetaileddescriptionoftheusageofalmostalltheEnglishcolortermsandtheirtranslation.InChina,peopleperceivedseveralcolorsandproducedasmanycolortermsaspossiblebecauseofthedevelopmentofdyingandpotteryindustries.SincetheMay4thMovementof1919,moreandmoreChinesescholarshavecarriedoutthestudiesoncolortermsbutintheearlytimethestudystillfocusedontheChinesecolorterms.Asearlyasinthe1940s,literatureandexegesisexpertshavealreadyanalyzedtheproductionanddevelopmentoffivecolorwordsinancientChinesecharacters—white,vermilion,yellow,black,green.HemakesadetaileddescriptionoftheusageofalmostalltheEnglishcolortermsandtheirtranslation.

Allinall,itletsmeknowthestudyofcolortermsinChina,andmakesmeclearlytocomparewiththesedifferentmeaningsofcolorwordsbetweenChinaandEnglish.

ProbingIntoFuzzyLanguageandRe-probingIntoFuzzy　LanguagebyWuTiepingintroducestheconceptoffuzzylanguage,inwhichcolortermsasaphenomenonoffuzzylanguagedrewtheattentionofscholars.Later,manyscholarsconductedresearchesbycomparingthecolortermsbetweenChineseandotherlanguages,aimingatfindingthedifferencesinlanguageandcultureandcontributingtotheinterculturalcommunication.Thestudyoncolortermswentfurtherandreacheditspeakinthe1990s.therelationshipofcolortermsandculturecanbesaidthatcultureandlanguageareconnectedandinterwovenwitheachother.Ononehand,colortermsfunctionasthecarrierofcultureandcultureisloadedincolorterms,throughwhichthematerialdevelopments,institutionalsystems,conceptualfeaturesandthelikeofacertainsocietyarerecorded,expressedandtransmitted.Ontheotherhand,colortermsisconsiderablygotinfluencedandtherefore,formedbyculturewhileitalsofullyreflectsculture.

Itprovidesmesomeusefulmasteryincolorwords,whichhelpsmealotinmypaperwriting.Withlargemateriel,thepapercanbeasenseoffulfillment.

OntheTheoriesofBasicColorTerms:

TheEvolutionofChineseBasicColorTerms（1988）byYaoXiaopingshowsasummaryofthetheoriesofbasiccolorterms,givingareviewofthedevelopmentofbasiccolorterms.Hestudiesofcolorwordsathomeandabroadareconductedmainlyinthefollowingareas:

（1）colortermsinphilosophy;

（2）thequantityofbasiccolorwordsanditsorderindifferentlanguages;（3）semanticstudyoncolorwords;（4）thestudyofgrammar,rhetoricandculturalmeaningoncolorwords;（5）thecomparativestudyontranslationandculturalmeaningofcolorwords.Heputsforwardthreeconditionsthatmustbesatisfiedinperceivingcolors—alightsource,anobjectthatreflectsthelight,andafunctionaleyethatcanreceivethereflectedlight.Inhisopinion,simplecolorsrelatedtosomebasicelementsinthephysicalworldandthenatureofcolorsisassumedthatsimplecolorsweremixturesof“black”and“white”（ordarknessandlight）.

OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionarygivesconnotationthefollowingdefinition“anideasuggestedbyawordinadditiontoitsmainmeaning”.Thedefinitionshowsthatconnotationofawordisdifferentfromitsmainmeaning.Awordincludesnotonlyitsmainmeaningbutalsoitsconnotation.Therefore,theculturalconnotationmeansthegeneralmeaningandconnotativemeaningofculture,it’srelatedtomanycircumstance,includingthesocialbackground,emotionsandattitudesofpeoplewhichexistinoneculture.Comparisonofcolortermsbetweendifferentlanguages,andtheirconnotations,functions,translationaswellastherelationshipbetweenthecolorwordsandculture:

for