剑7Test2Reading.docx

剑7Test2Reading.docx

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剑7Test2Reading

雅思阅读目标对照

1.熟练掌握必背词汇;2.能够分析并理解长难句；

3.能够掌握文章的篇章结构;4.能够讲清楚做题依据。

学习课题

剑7Test2Reading1

教学内容及重难点

ParagraphA

1.必背词汇

sweep

v.

横扫

typhoon

n.

台风

seemingly

adv.

看起来似乎

flimsy

adj.

不结实的

pagoda

n.

塔

collapse

v.

坍塌

lightning

n.

闪电

disastrous

adj.

灾难性的

topple

v.

不稳而倒下

elevated

adj.

升高的

flatten

v.

使变平

devastate

v.

摧毁

magnificent

adj.

壮观的

unscathed

adj.

未受损伤的

level

v.

使变平

ParagraphB

scholar

n.

学者

mystify

v.

使迷惑

slender

adj.

细长的

erect

v.

竖立

reinforce

v.

加固

absorber

n.

减震器

dampen

v.

减弱

ParagraphC

peg

n.

桩

wedge

n.

楔

majestic

adj.

壮丽的

soar

v.

耸立

carpenter

n.

木匠

sway

v.

摇摆

ParagraphD

Buddhism

n.

佛教

brick

n.

砖

staircase

n.

楼梯

watchtower

n.

瞭望台

architecture

n.

建筑设计

beadaptedto

（经改动以）适应（环境）

Bedispensedwith

免除

batter

v.

击打

eave.

n.

屋檐

gush

v.

涌出

overhang

n.

外伸部分

ParagraphE

porcelain

n.

瓷

tile

n.

瓦片

earthenware

n.

陶器

ParagraphF

resilience

n.

快速恢复的能力

pinetree

松树

trunk

n.

树干

pillar

n.

柱子

flex

v.

弯曲

startling

adj.

惊人的

suspend

v.

吊

loosely

adv.

松弛地

ParagraphG

aseriesof

一系列

enormous

adj.

巨大的

stationary

adj.

静止的

pendulum

n.

钟摆

craftsman

n.

工匠

Trailanderror

反复试验

grasp

v.

领会

stack

v.

堆，垛

slither

v.

滑行

toandfro

来回地

consecutive

adj.

连续的

constrain

v.

约束

bang

v.

猛撞

transmit

v.

传送，传导

ParagraphH

taper

v.

逐渐减少

successive

adj.

连续的

corresponding

adj.

相应的

counterpart

n.

相似之物

ParagraphI

tightrope

n.

钢丝

pole

n.

杆

jolt

n.

摇动

abrupt

adj.

突然的

anticipate

v.

预料

2.长难句分析及理解

1）Recordsshowthatonlytwohavecollapsedduringthepast1400years.Thosethathavedisappearedweredestroyedbyfireasaresultoflightningorcivilwar.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

2）ThedisastrousHanshinearthquakein1995killed6400people,toppledelevatedhighways,flattenedofficeblocksanddevastatedtheportareaofKobe.Yetitleftthemagnificentfive-storeypagodaattheTojitempleinnearbyKyotounscathed,thoughitlevelledanumberofbuildingsintheneighborhood.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3）Itwasonlythirtyyearsagothatthebuildingindustryfeltconfidentenoughtoerectofficeblocksofsteelandreinforcedconcretethathadmorethanadozenfloors.Withitsspecialshockabsorberstodampentheeffectofsuddensidewaysmovementsfromanearthquake,thethirty-six-storeyKasumigasekibuildingincentralTokyo--Japan’sfirstskyscraper—wasconsideredamasterpieceofmodernengineeringwhenitwasbuiltin1968.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

_______

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4）Themulti-storeypag0dacametoJapanfromChinainthesixcentury.AsinChina,theywerefirstintroducedwithBuddhismandwereattachedtoimportanttemples.TheChinesebuilttheirpagodasinbrickorstone,withinnerstaircases,andusedtheminlatercenturiesmainlyaswatchtowers.WhenthepagodareachedJapan,however,itsarchitecturewasfreelyadaptedtolocalconditions—theywerebuiltlesshigh,typicallyfiveratherthanninestoreys,mademainlyofwoodandthestaircasewasdispensedwithbecausetheJapanesepagodadidnothaveanypracticalusebutbecamemoreofanartobject.BecauseofthetyphoonsthatbatterJapaninthesummer,Japanesebuilderslearnedtoextendtheeavesofbuildingsfurtherbeyondthewalls.Thispreventsrainwatergushingdownthewalls.PagodasinChinaandKoreahavenothingliketheoverhangthatisfoundonpagodasinJapan.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5）TheroofofaJapanesetemplebuildingcanbemadetooverhangthesidesofthestructurebyfiftypercentormoreofthebuilding’soverallwidth.Forthesamereason,thebuildersofJapanesepagodasseemtohavefurtherincreasedtheirweightbychoosingtocovertheseextendedeavesnotwiththeporcelaintilesofmanyChinesepagodasbutwithmuchheavierearthenwaretiles.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6）.Infact,insomepagodadesigns,itdoesnotevenrestontheground,butissuspendedfromthetopofthepagoda—hanginglooselydownthroughthemiddleofthebuilding.Theweightofthebuildingissupportedentirelybytwelveouterandfourinnercolumns.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

7）.Theshinbashira,runningupthroughaholeinthecentreofthebuilding,constrainedindividualstoreysfrommovingtoofarbecause,aftermovingacertaindistance,theybangedintoit,transmittingenergyawayalongthecolum.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

8）MrIshida,knowntohisstudentsas‘ProfessorPagoda’becauseofhispassiontounderstandthepagoda,hasbuiltaseriesofmodelsandtestedthemona‘shaketable’inhislaboratory.Inshort,theshinbashirawasactinglikeanenormousstationarypendulum.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

9）MoresurprisingisthefactthattheindividualstoreysofaJapanesepagoda,unliketheircounterpartselsewhere,arenotactuallyconnectedtoeachother.Theyaresimplystackedoneontopofanotherlikeapileofhats.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3.本段主题

Reading2

1.必背词汇

ParagraphA

collateraldamage

附带损害

destruction

n.破坏；毁灭

enervation

n.削弱；衰弱

ParagraphB

fertiliser

n.肥料；受精媒介物

skylark,partridge,lapwing,cornbunting

均为鸟名

pesticide

n.杀虫剂

vanish

v.消失；突然不见

monoculture

n.单一栽培

hedgerow

n.灌木篱墙

batteryrearing

笼养

landscape

n.风景；地形

livestock

n.家畜；牲畜

faecalfilth

排泄物；污秽

geneticengineering

基因工程；遗传工程

salmon

n.鲑鱼；三文鱼；大马哈鱼

colossal

a.巨大的；庞大的

loch

n.湖；（狭长的）海湾

algae

n.藻类；海藻

run-off

n.流失物

1）Firstmechanisation,thenmassuseofchemicalfertilisersandpesticides,thenmonocultures,thenbatteryrearingoflivestock,andnowgeneticengineering—theonwardmarchofintensivefarminghasseemedunstoppableinthelasthalf-century,asyieldsofproducehavesoared.Butthedamageithascausedhasbeencolossal.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2）Naturalsoilfertilityisdroppinginmanyareasbecauseofcontinuousindustrialfertiliserandpesticideuse,whilethegrowthofalgaeisincreasinginlakesbecauseofthefertilizerrun-off.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

3）InBritain,forexample,manyofourbest-lovedfarmlandbirds,suchastheskylark,thegreypartridge,thelapwingandthecornbunting,havevanishedfromhugestretchesofcountryside,ashaveevenmorewildflowersandinsects.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

ParagraphC

externality

n.外部因素

aesthetic

a.美学的；审美的

transaction

n.办理；交易

4）Thisismainlybecausethecostsofallthisdamagearewhateconomistsrefertoasexternalities:

theyareoutsidethemaintransaction,whichisforexampleproducingandsellingafieldofwheat,andarebornedirectlybyneitherproducersnorconsumers.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

5）Tomany,thecostsmaynotappeartobefinancialatall,butmerelyaesthetic—aterribleshame,butnothingtodowithmoney.Andanywaythey,asconsumersoffood,certainlyaren’tpayingforit,arethey?

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

ParagraphD

quantify

v.确定数量；量化

arable

a.可耕的；适于耕种的

staggering

a.蹒跚的；摇晃的；令人惊讶的

pasture

n.牧地；草原；牧场

equivalent

a.相当的；相等的n.等价物

conservative

a.保守的；守旧的n.保守派

ParagraphE

nitrate

n.硝酸盐

organic

a.器官的；有机的；组织的

phosphate

n.磷肥；磷酸盐

threefold

adv.三倍

cryptosporidium

[植]小孢子,小芽胞,芽体

purify

v.使...纯净；净化

organic

a.器官的；有机的；组织的

deteriorate

v.（使）恶化

6）Thecostsincluded:

€23mfortheremovalofthebugcryptosporidiumfromdrinkingwaterbywatercompanies;€125mfordamagetowildlifehabitats,hedgerowsanddrystonewalls;€1113mfromemissionsofgaseslikelytocontributetoclimatechange;€106mfromsoilerosionandorganiccarbonlosses;€169mfromfoodpoisoning;and€607mfromcattledisease.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

7）ProfessorPrettydrawsasimplebutmemorableconclusionfromallthis:

our