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版英语大一轮复习单元重点复习夯基固本提分北师大版课时规范训练第1部分必修4Unit10Word版含解
课时规范训练(十)
Part1 阅读理解提速练 (建议用时35′)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题;每小题2分,满分22分)
A
(2017·江西八所重点中学联考)Lily,astudentofCambridgeUniversity,hasboughtabicycleandisworriedaboutsafety.Herfriend,Cathryn,foundthisarticleandsentittoher.
Howtomakeyourbicyclesafe?
Anumberofcrimesareagainstbicycles.About150,000bicyclesarestoleneveryyearandmostofthemareneverfound.Youcanpreventthisfromhappeningbyfollowingafewcarefulsteps.
BasicSecurity
Neverleaveyourbicycleinoutofthewayplaces.Alwayslockyourbicyclewhenyouleave.Secureittolamppostsortrees.Takeoffsmallerpartsandcarrythemwithyou,forexamplelightsandsaddles(车座).
Locks
Therearevarioustypesoflocks.Buyonethathasbeentestedagainstattack.Askforarecommendationfromabikeshopowner.
Marking
Thesecuritymarkingofyourbikecanactasanobstructiontothieves,whichcanalsohelpthepolicefindyourbicycle.Yourpostcodeandyourhouseorflatnumbershouldbeincludedandclearlyrecorded.Thiswillprovideasimplewaytoidentifyyourbicycle.
Registration
Therearemanycompaniesthatwillofferthesecuritymarkingtoyourbicycle.Theywillthenstoreyourregistrationnumberandpersonaldetailsintheircomputerdatabase.Ifyourbicycleisfound,itwillbeeasytocontactyou.
Attention
Keeparecordofthebicyclebyyourself:
itsproductionplace,modelandregistrationnumber.Youcaneventakeaphotographofit.Thiswillprovethebicyclebelongstoyou.
1.Whichpartofthearticlegivestheinformationonhowtolockyourbicyclewhenyouleave?
A.BasicSecurity. B.Locks.
C.Marking.D.Registration.
2.WhichoneisWRONGaboutthesecuritymarkingofabicycle?
A.Itcanensurethatthethieveswon'tstealthebike.
B.Somecompaniescanassistyouindoingthis.
C.Itcanhelpthepolicetofindandidentifythelostbike.
D.Thesecuritymarkingdatabasemakesiteasytogetintouchwiththeowner.
3.Thearticleadvisesyoutokeeparecordofyourbicycle.
A.bothinthebikeshopandyourcomputer
B.eitherinasecuritycompanyoryouruniversity
C.byyourselfandinacompanythatwilloffersecuritymarkingaswell
D.inthepolicestationaswellasamarketingcompany
4.Whichofthefollowinginformationmaynotbenecessarilyrecorded?
A.Yourpostcodeandpersonaldetails.
B.Boththetypeofthebikeanditspicture.
C.Theregistrationnumberofthebikeaswellasyouraddress.
D.Yourpersonalinformationandrecommendationinyourcomputerdatabase.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。
Lily的朋友Cathryn为她找了一篇文章,文章提供了一些保护自行车安全的建议。
1.解析:
选A。
细节理解题。
文章在BasicSecurity中提到“Alwayslockyourbicycle...lamppostsortrees.”即当你离开时如何锁自行车。
故A项正确。
2.解析:
选A。
正误判断题。
Marking部分提到“Thesecuritymarkingofyourbike...policefindyourbicycle.”,由此可知securitymarking能帮助警察找到你被偷的自行车,但不能保证贼不偷你的车子。
故A项表述错误。
3.解析:
选C。
推理判断题。
根据文章最后两段提到的“Therearemanycompaniesthatwillofferthesecuritymarkingtoyourbicycleputerdatabase.”和“Keeparecordofthebicyclebyyourself:
itsproductionplace,modelandregistrationnumber.”可知,文章建议你可以自己记录自行车的产地、型号和注册号,还可以让一个提供securitymarking的公司做记录。
故C项正确。
4.解析:
选D。
细节理解题。
根据文章最后三段中的“Yourpostcodeandyourhouseorflatnumbershouldbeincludedandclearlyrecorded.”“Theywillthenstoreyourregistrationnumberputerdatabase.”和“itsproductionplace,model...photographofit”可知,A、B、C三项的信息都需要记录,D项在文中未提及。
故选D项。
B
Attheageof13,aboylivinginSierraLeonecreatedbatteriesandgenerators(发电机)usingmaterialshepickeduparoundthehouseorfromdustbins.HehasimpressedexpertsintheU.S.
KelvinDoe,now19,isacompletelyselftaughtengineer.HemanageshisownfullystaffedcommunityradiostationinSierraLeonewherehebroadcastsnewsandplaysmusicunderthename“DJFocus”.Theradiostationispoweredbyageneratormadebyhimself,whileasimpleantenna(天线)letshisneighborhoodlistenin.
“TheycallmeDJFocusbecauseIbelieveifyoufocus,youcaninventsomethingperfectly,”Doesaid.
MIT,arespectedUSuniversity,discoveredDoeduringInnovateSalone,anationalhighschoolinnovation(创新)challengeheldinSierraLeonebyaninternationalorganizationcalledGlobalMinimum.DoctoralstudentDavidSengehrecognizedhisskillsrightaway.
“It'sveryinspirational,”Sengehsaid.“Hecreatedthingsjustbecauseheneededthem.”
BeforeattendingInnovateSalone,Doehadneverbeenmorethan10milesfromhome.WithSengeh'shelp,hejourneyedtoNewYorkforthe2012WorldMakerFaire,wherehejoineda“MeettheYoungMakers”discussiongroupwithfourAmericaninventors.
Doe'sreputationonlypromisedtogrowfromhere.SoonhegotanopportunitytopracticeintheInternationalDevelopmentInitiativeatMITandbecameaguesthostatHarvardSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,wherehehasgainedevenmorepracticalknowledgetohelphiscommunity.
“WhateverthingsI'velearnedhere,Iwillshareitwithmyfriends,colleaguesandlovedones,”Doesaid.
5.ThematerialsDoeusedare.
A.boughtcheaply B.obtainedeasily
C.madebyhimselfD.donatedbyothers
6.Doemadeinventionsmainlyto.
A.satisfyhisdemand
B.sellthemformoney
C.turnwasteintousefulthings
D.attracttheattentionofexperts
7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDoe?
A.Patient,skillfulandeasygoing.
B.Kind,cleverandsingleminded.
C.Modest,helpfulandhardworking.
D.Productive,braveandwarmhearted.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。
KelvinDoe自学成才,利用简单易得的材料制作了很多东西满足自己和身边人的需要。
5.解析:
选B。
推理判断题。
根据第一段中的usingmaterialshepickeduparoundthehouseorfromdustbins不难推测,Doe利用的材料都简单易得。
6.解析:
选A。
细节理解题。
根据第五段中的Hecreatedthingsjustbecauseheneededthem.可知,他的发明创造只是因为他需要它们。
故选A。
7.解析:
选B。
推理判断题。
根据文中描述Doe帮社区建立广播站、被称为DJFocus以及参加创新挑战赛等可知,Doe为人善良、做事专心并聪明伶俐。
C
Somepeoplearelikehomingpigeons:
Dropthemoffanywhere,andthey'llfindtheirwayaround.Otherpeople,though,can'ttellwhenthey'reholdingamapupsidedown.Arethedirectionallychallengedjustbadlearners?
Notallofyournavigationalskillsarelearned.There'sevidencethatyoursenseofdirectionisinnate.Yourbrainhasspecialnavigationalneurons—headdirectioncells,placecells,andgridcells—andtheyhelpprogramyourinternalGPSwhenyou'rejustababy.
In2010,scientistscarriedoutanexperimenttostudybabyrats'neuralactivityintheirbrains.Althoughtheratswerenewborns,theresearchersdiscoveredthattheirheaddirectioncells(whichhelpthemrecognizethedirectionthey'refacing)werefullymature.Therats,itseemed,werebornwithasenseofdirection.Andtheyhadn'tevenopenedtheireyesyet!
Humans,ofcourse,arenotrats.Butthehippocampusthebrainregionresponsiblefornavigation—issimilarinmostmammals.Iftherat'scompassdevelopsthisway,thenit'slikelythatahuman'scompassdoes,too.
Ifwe'rebornwithasenseofdirection,thenwhyaresomepeoplesogoodatgettinglost?
Thescientistsfoundthatthetwoothercells—placeandgridcells—developedwithinthefirstmonth.Placecellsarethoughttohelpusformamentalmap,whilegridcellshelpusnavigatenewandunfamiliarplaces.Thetwocellsinteract—andthat'swherethetroublemightbe.
Peoplewhotookpartina2013studyplayedavideogamethatrequiredthemtotravelquicklybetweendifferentplaces.Monitoringtheirbrains,thescientistsfoundthatgridcellshelpedthegamerskeeptrackofwheretheywere—evenwithoutlandmarks.AccordingtoresearcherMichaelKahan,differencesinhowgridcellsworkmayhelpexplainwhysomepeoplehaveabettersenseofdirectionthanothers.
8.Whatdo“somepeople”inParagraph1referto?
A.Poorlearners.
B.Homingpigeonlovers.
C.Peoplegoodatusingmaps.
D.Peoplewithagoodsenseofdirection.
9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?
A.Rats'hippocampusisdifferentfromthatofhumans.
B.Ratshaveanaturalabilitytorecognizedirections.
C.Ratsusuallyfindtheirwaywithoutopeningtheireyes.
D.Babyratshaveasmanyheaddirectioncellsasgrownups.
10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutournavigationalneurons?
A.Placecellsletusknowhowtoreadamap.
B.Gridcellshelpusreachtheplacewearegoingto.
C.Theyhelpususeacompasswhenweloseourway.
D.Placeandgridcellsgrowlaterthanheaddirectioncells.
11.Whydosomepeoplegetlostsoeasily?
A.Theycan'trememberlandmarks.
B.Theyareunfamiliarwithnewplaces.
C.Theirgridcellscan'tworkverywell.
D.Theirabilitytofollowdirectionsispoor.
【语篇解读】 科学家发现,老鼠天生就有方向感。
由此猜测,人类天生也有方向感。
研究还发现,定位细胞对人们的方向感有很大影响。
8.解析:
选D。
推理判断题。
根据首段首句可知,有些人像信鸽一样,在任何地方丢下他们,他们都能找到回来的路。
因此,somepeople是指方向感好的人。
9.解析:
选B。
细节理解题。
根据第三段倒数第二句可知,老鼠天生就有辨别方向的能力。
10.解析:
选D。
推理判断题。
根据第五段第二句可知,位置和网格细胞在第一个月才发展。
而上文提到人类在出生时就已经有方向感了。
由此可知,位置和网格细胞的生长晚于headdirection细胞的生长。
11.解析:
选C。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后一句可知,有些人容易迷路是因为他们的网格细胞工作得不理想。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
Holidaygiftbuyingcanfeelalittleempty,whenallofthoseendlesslists,longlinesattheshoppingcenteranddollarsspentleadtoa5minuteexcitementofflyingwrappingpaper.1.Thefollowingtipscanhelpmakegiftgivingmoremeaningfulforboththegiverandthereceiver.
1.Knowtheperson
Themostimportantthingintheexchangingofgiftsisthatitshowsyoureallyknowthepersonwell,andyoureallycareabouthim.2.
2.Donateintheirname
3.Researchsuggeststhathappierpeoplegivemoretoothers,andthatgivingmoremakespeoplehappier.Moreover,charityrelatedhappinessishighestwhenpeoplegiveinawaythatpromotessocialconnection.So,trygivingtothelessfortunateinsomeone'snamethisholidayseason.
3.Givehandmadegoodsorhandmedowns
4.Astudysuggeststhatpeoplefeelthathomemadeitemsshowmorelove,andloveiswhattheywanttoexpresstothegiftreceiver.
Familyheirlooms(传家宝)maybeanothergoodgiftoption.A2009studyfoundthatwhenfamilieshanddownevenaverydeperso