虚拟语气最佳版.docx
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虚拟语气最佳版
虚拟语气
语气(Mood)是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度,是一种动词形式。
英语中的语气有三种:
1.陈述语气(theIndicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一个想法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.
2.祈使语气(theImperativeMood)用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
Don’tbeworry.
3.虚语语气(theSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想,或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
一:
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
真实条件句:
如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气
Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.
如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。
虚拟条件句:
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
注意:
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气.
一:
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件从句
If从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
现在
过去式(did/were)
Would/could/should/might+V.(原)
过去
过去完成时
Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
未来
1.过去式
2.should+V.
3.weretodo
would/could/should/might+V.(原)
if引导的虚拟条件句
一.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might
+动词原形
1.如果我是你,我会再试一次。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
2.如果他有空,他会与你一起去的。
Ifhewerefree,hewouldgowithyou.
3.如果我有一百万美元,我会买下这架飞机。
IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.
二.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might
+动词完成式(havedone)
1.如果他努力学的话,他就通过这次考试。
Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.
2.如果他那时在那儿的话,他就能看到那部电影了。
Ifhehadbeenthere,hecouldhaveseenthefilm
3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话,那我是很不幸的。
IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.
三.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)
If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形
1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.
Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.
2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.
Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.
条件状语的倒装:
如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成:
Were/Should/Had+主+其他
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
=WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.
=Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.
Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.
=Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.
1.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________
findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.
A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;would
C.willcome;shouldD.comes;might
2.Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlierafter
theaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.
A.arrivesB.arrive
C.hadarrivedD.hasarrived
Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe
__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______
mefromgoing.
A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented
B.hadbeen;wouldprevent
C.were;wouldprevent
D.were;wouldhaveprevented
3.-Ifhe_________he___________thatfood.
-Luckilyhewassenttothehospital
immediately.
A.waswarned;wouldnothavetaken
B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
4.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchild
__________.
A.wouldn’tbelyingtherefortwohours
B.wouldn’thavelaidtherefortwohours
C.wouldn’thaveliedtherefortwohours
D.wouldn’thavelaintherefortwohours
5._________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.
A.IfhepassedB.Hadhepassed
C.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass
6._______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseen
themoff.
A.IfyoushouldarriveB.Ifyouarrive
C.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive
7.________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoput
offthevisittotheScienceMuseum.
A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will
注意:
主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句):
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
1.如果我是你,我就听从他的建议。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.
从句表示现在,主句表示过去
2.如果你听我的话,现在就不会这么糟糕了。
Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.
从句表示过去,主句表示现在
3.如果这些天一直没下雨,我们现在可以进行工作了。
Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththework.
从句表过去进行,主句表现在进行
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.
4.如果你当时听了我的话,现在就能完成这份工作了。
(从句说明过去,主句说明现在。
)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.
5.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。
(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。
)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,
6.假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住在危房里。
Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.
(从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。
)
现在:
did/were(过去时)
过去:
haddone(过去完成时)
未来:
would/might/coulddo(不用should)
二:
虚拟语气特殊句型:
1.Wish的宾语从句:
{
E.g.IwishIwereabird.(现在)
IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)
Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(将来)
现在:
did/were(过去时)
过去:
haddone(过去完成时)
未来:
did/were(过去时)
2.wouldrather{
E.g.Iiwouldrahtberpaidyounow.
Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.
Don’tcome.iwouldratheryoucametommorrow.
注意:
在主语+would(had)rather+that宾语从句中,从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。
例如:
I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我真希望你告诉我真相。
I’dratheryoudidn’tseeyouagain.我宁愿不再见着你。
I’drathertheywentwithme.我倒真希望他们和我一起去。
现在:
did/were(过去时)
过去:
haddone(过去完成时)
未来:
would/might/coulddo(不用should)
3.Ifonly+从句{
…要是就好了(1)=Iwish
Eg.IfonlyIwereyou!
(现在)
IfonlyIhadn’ttoldheraboutit!
(过去)
IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow!
(将来)
Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!
要是我没错过火车就好了!
(2)=aslongas常用陈述语气.
如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.
Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.
现在:
did/were(过去时)
过去:
haddone(过去完成时)
未来:
woulddo
4.asif/though+Clause{
Eg.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.
HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.
(1)对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去时(系动词用were),意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生.例如:
他看起来好象病了.
Helooksasifhewereill.
他感到他应该独自对发生的事情承担责任.
Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.
(2)对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去分词,意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如:
她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样.
ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.
我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.
Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.
(3)对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形,意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后.例如:
史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.
Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.
注意:
如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
Itlooksasifyouaretired.
练习:
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,it
looksasifit__________.
A.breaksB.hasbroken
C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
2.Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.
A.isB.willbeC.amD.were
3.Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.
A.isgoingtoB.will
C.wasgoingtoD.would
4.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?
”
“No,butIreallywishI_______.”
A.hadB.didC.haveD.will
5.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went
6.IwishI_________youyesterday.
A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee
7.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI
___________toit.
A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgone
C.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegone
8.HowIwishI__________that!
Everybodypresent
wasangrywithme.
A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdone
C.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing
过去时(did/were)
should+V.
5.It’s(about/high)time+that{
(1)你该走了。
It’shightimethatyouwent.
It’shightimethatyouweregoing.
It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.
(2)我们该去睡觉了。
It’stimethatwewenttobed.
It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.
6..without和butfor构成虚拟。
butfor要不是
Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.
Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.
Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.
Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.
三.名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词
suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引
导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,以(should)+v原的形式出现。
Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.
Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.
1.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,
required)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气,也以(should)+v原.的形式出
现。
It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.
It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.
以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。
Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.
Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.
Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime
注意:
当suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟!
HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision
Iinsistthathewaswrong
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
2.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,
即(should)+动词原形
Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.
Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.
It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.
3.otherwise和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。
例如:
Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.
I’mgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.
Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?
4.sothat与inorderthat
二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形
Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.
Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.
Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.
5.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首
Maygoodluckbeyours!
祝你好运!
Mayyoubehappy!
祝你快乐!
Mayyoudoevenbetter!
祝你取得更大成就
Longlivethepeople!
人民万岁!
“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧师说:
“愿上帝保佑你!
”
练习:
1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting___________ putoff.
A.notbe B.shouldnot C.wouldn’t D.benot
2Itisstrangethathe____________