本科毕业设计如何有效做好交替传译笔记.docx

本科毕业设计如何有效做好交替传译笔记.docx

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本科毕业设计如何有效做好交替传译笔记

Abstract

Notesinconsecutiveinterpretationareimportantinrelievingthememorypressureandactingascluesforrecallinginformationtohelpimprovethequality.However,evidenceshaveshownthatnote-taking,ifnotconstructedproperly,isoneofthebiggestproblemsthataffecttheinterpreter’sunderstandingofthesourcelanguage,thusresultingindamagingtheinterpretationquality.Thisthesisaimstopromoteapositiveunderstandingtowardsnote-takingintheprocessofconsecutiveinterpretationbyprovidingthepossibleandfeasiblemethodsofeffectivenote-taking.Torealizethisaim,itincorporatestheDanielGile’sEffortModeltheorytoanalyzewhynote-takingisthetriggeringfactorinconsecutiveinterpretation.Anditillustratesthenatureofnote-takingfromtwoaspects:

（1）thebasicpremiseofnote-taking,includingcomprehension,attentionandmemory;

（2）theprinciplesofnote-taking.Thispaperrelatesinterpretingtheoriestointerpretingteachingmethods,tryingtoputforwardsuggestionsforteachinginordertodealwithpracticalinterpretingproblemsandfacilitatethequalityofinterpretation.

Keywords:

note-taking;DanielGile’sEffortModel;teachingsuggestions

中文摘要

笔记是口译员必须掌握的技巧之一。

在交替传译中，有效的笔记能够减轻口译员的记忆压力,提示所记忆的内容,并最终提高口译质量。

但是,大量的证据表明,如果笔记的处理方式不正确,对笔记认识不当,那么它就可能成为影响译员理解原语并实现正确传译的干扰因素之一。

鉴于这一问题的重要性,本文的根本目的在于让读者能够正确地认识交传笔记的积极作用,并进而探讨有效记笔记的方法。

为了实现这一目的,本文通过结合DanielGile的认知负荷模式,从两大方面着手，探讨笔记的性质:

（1）记录笔记的基本前提,包括理解、注意和记忆;

（2）笔记的原则。

基于这一分析,本文将口译理论跟口译教学法联系起来，进而提出有一定意义的教学建议,希望能够帮助口译学生解决实际的口译问题,进一步提高笔记技能与口译质量。

关键词：

交替传译笔记；认知负荷模式；教学建议

1.Introduction

WithChina’simplementationofreformandopeninguppolicy,themarketfortranslationandinterpretationhassignificantlyboomedup.Inthe“globalvillage”,itisobviousthattranslationandinterpretationserveasanimportantroleinfacilitatingthemutualcommunicationbetweenpeoplefromothersideoftheworld.Fortunately,wearegladtoseeconsecutiveinterpretationhasbeenwidelyusedinbusinesstalks,negotiations,pressreleases,seminarsandsoon.Onethingwecannotneglectisnote-takingwhenwespeakofconsecutiveinterpretation.Asacommunicativeact,interpretationdemandstheinterpreter,whoalsoactsasacommunicator,todelivertheaccurateinformationtothespeakerandtheaudience.Inthisparticularsituation,effectivenote-takingcanplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheinterpreterbetterperformhisorherjob.Bytakingnotes,theinterpretercanwritedownsomeimportantinformationtoremindhimorherofthesourcelanguage.Inconsecutiveinterpretation,withthehelpofnotes,interpreterscaneasilyreproducethespeech.Unfortunately,noteveryinterpreter’snotescanturnouttobehelpful.Ineffectivenote-takingisstillverycommon.Interpretersstillhavedifficultyintakingeffectivenotesbecauseofavarietyofreasons.Therefore,thisthesisistofocusonnote-takingproblemsintheprocessofinterpretation.Wehopethisthesiscanthrowlightuponasystematicnote-takingtrainingandoffersomeadviceininterpretationteaching.

Thisthesisisorganizedasfollows.Itisdividedintotwosections.Thefirstsectionisfortheintroductionofconsecutiveinterpretation.Bypresentingthedifferencesbetweentheconsecutiveinterpretationandsimultaneousinterpretation,itaimstogivethereadersageneralideaabouttheconsecutiveinterpretationandfurthergiverisetothefunctionsofnote-takinginconsecutiveinterpretation.Thesecondsectionisaboutnote-takinginconsecutiveinterpretation.Itisdividedintothreechapters.Thenatureofnote-takingwillbeinChapterthree.Basedonthisverynature,atheoryisintroduced,DanielGile’sEffortModel,whichisinChapter3.Andthepossiblefactorsthataffectefficientnote-takingintheprocessofinterpretationwillbeinthenextfollowingchapter.Thelastchapterwillincludesomesuggestionsforeffectivenote-taking,alongwithConclusion.Theyaresupposedtohaveaninfluenceonpeoplewhoareengagedininterpretingcareer.

2.ConsecutiveInterpretation

2.1ConsecutiveinterpretationasaCommunicativeAct

Intranslationsituation,thesourceandthetargettextsareconductedinaseparatetranslationsituation,whichisfreefromthetext’scommunicativesituations.However,ininterpretation,thesourceandthetargetcommunicationtakeplaceunderthesamesituation.Therefore,consecutiveinterpretationisalsoacommunicativeact,asRoderick（2002:

41）saidinhisbookConferenceInterpretationExplained“Interpretationisaprofessionthatisallaboutcommunication”.Asacommunicativeact,theinterpreterisrequiredtohaveabetterunderstandingofthesourcelanguageandalsothetargetlanguage,inordertoreproducetheeffectivecommunicationbetweenthespeakerandthelistener.Besides,itisalsotheinterpreter’sresponsibilitytoexpresswellinthecourseofinterpretation.Therefore,whenitcomestoexpressiveness,effectivenote-takingplaysanindispensableroleinhelpingtheinterpretersexpressthemselvesbetter.

2.2Thedifferencebetweenconsecutiveinterpretationandsimultaneousinterpretation

Consecutiveinterpretation,oneearliestwayofoperationusedinconferenceinterpretation,isnowmainlyusedonoccasionssuchasbusinesstalks,negotiations,pressreleases,seminarsandsoon.Sittinginconferenceroom,whiletheinterpreterislisteningtothesourcelanguagespeech,heorsheisalsotakingnotes.Whenthespeakercomestotheendofhisorherspeech,orthespeakerstopsandwaitsforinterpretation,theinterpreterexpresseswhatthespeakerhasjustsaidwithclear,naturaltargetlanguage,accuratelyandcompletely,justasitishimselforherselfwhoisgivingaspeech.Consecutiveinterpretationinconferencesrequiresaninterpretertolistentoaslongasfivetotenminutes’continuousspeech,andusehisorhergoodspeakingskillstointerpretthewholecontentsofthespeakercompletelyandaccurately.Inconsecutiveinterpretation,theinterpreterhastheadvantageofknowingthelineofargumentbeforeheinterprets.Besides,theinterpretercantakenotesduringtheprocessoftheinterpretation.However,thetimewhichtheinterpreterenjoysinconsecutiveinterpretationislackinginsimultaneousinterpretation.Simultaneousinterpreteristhemostfrequentlyusedwayofoperationinmanyconferencestoday.Ateamofinterpreters,workinginthesimultaneousinterpretationbooth,whichisequippedwithspecialnoisetransmission（oftenknownasa"box"）,andthisvery"box"islocatedatthevenue,throughaglasswindowcandirectlyseethespokesmanorspokeswoman,projectionscreen,aswellastheentireconferenceon-site.Theinterpreterisrequiredtointerpretwhatthespeakerhasjustsaidinanaccuratewaywhileheorsheislisteningtothespeakerthroughtheheadset.

2.3Thefunctionofnote-takinginconsecutiveinterpretation

Inconsecutiveinterpretation,theinterpreterhastowaitbeforeheorshecandeliver.So,therearealotoftoodetailedinformationandcontextstobegot,whichwilladdpressuretotheinterpreter’smemory.Withnote-taking,wecanrecordthearrangementofideas,thusnote-takingisimportantforthegainingofstructure.

Firstly,notescanimprovetheinterpreter’sconcentration.（鲍刚,2005:

50）Wheninthelongperiodofinterpretation,theinterpreterislikelytofeelbored,ortobedistractedfromotherpotentialfactors.Bytakingnotes,theinterpretercanconcentrateonthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageandfacilitatetheanalysisofthespeech.

Secondly,noteshelptheinterpreterrelievethepressureofmemory.Althoughtheinterpreterhasreceivedplentyofprofessionaltraininginnote-taking,ascommonpeople,heorshecanhardlyrememberthewholespeechindetailsbecausetheshort-termmemorycanonlylastforalimitedamountoftime.Byrecordingthespecificdetailsanddatasuchasnumbers,places,time,etc,note-takingcansafetheinterpreterfromthetroubleofrememberingthewholethinginmind.

Thirdly,notescanprovidetheinterpreterwithcuestohelprecalltheinformationinthespeech.Withthehelpofnotes,theinterpreterwillfinditeasierandclearertovisualizethemainideasandthestructureofthewholespeech.Theskillofnote-takingisveryhelpfultointerpreters,thestructureofaspeechisreflectedinnotes,andthenotesinturnwillbeusedasabeacontorecallthespeech.

Asimportantasitis,note-takingisnotsupposedtoconsumealotofenergyinconsecutiveinterpretation.AccordingtoGile’sEffortModeltheory（whichwillbeillustratedinthenextsection）,aninterpretershouldnotpaytoomuchattentiontonote-taking,foritwillconsumealotofattentionthatshouldbeallocatedtolistening,analyzing,understanding,memorizingandrendering,whichwillinevitablyaffectthequalityofinterpretation.

Inbrief,note-takingisofgreatimportanceforinterpreterstobetterperformtheirtasks,buttheinterpretersarenotexpectedtototallydependonnote-taking.

3.TheNatureofNote-takinginConsecutiveInterpretation

3.1Thebasicpremiseofnote-taking

3.1.1Comprehension

Inconsecutiveinterpretation,comprehensionplaysacriticalpartindeterminingthefollowingdiscourse.Someinterpreterstendtofocusonsomesuperficialwords,thoughtheycansucceedintakingdownsomedetailedinformation,suchasfigures,places,ortimeandsoon.Theycannotfullyunderstandwhatthespeakerreallywantstoexpressandthepurposeofthespeaker.Interpretationaimsnotthelanguageitself,butthecontextitwantstoconveytotheaudience.Whenundersomenervoussituations,wearelikelytofailtograspthemeaningofwhatthespeakersays