SQA HND国际实务配送outcome2.docx

SQA HND国际实务配送outcome2.docx

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SQAHND国际实务配送outcome2

UnitTitle:

AssessorName:

SubmissionDate:

InternationalPhysicalDistribution

WordCount:

1999

Technicalreport1

Mode

Totalmodecost

Costperpallet

Transittime

ModeAdvantage

ModeDisadvantage

Sea

£620

£24.8

7days

Inthiscase,theseamodelisthecheapest,only£620,Shippingoflargevolume,lowcost,easilyaccessiblechannelisitsadvantage

Seamodelinthiscasespentfourweeks,sotheshortcomingsoftheseamodelisslow,theriskofsailing,sailingdateisnoteasyandaccurate

Air

£1265

£253

4hours

Airmodelshavetheadvantageofshorttime,highsafety.Inthismodel,thetransportationtimeonlyfourhours，Itisveryconvenientforcustomers.

Airmodeltoprovidehigh-speedtransport,butalsorequiresahighcost,inthiscasethecostofairmodelis£1265,higherthanothermodels,sothedisadvantageoftheairmodelishighcost

Rail

£1275

£51

2days

Railmodelinthecaseof£51costperpallet,andrailmodelforthetransporttimeadaytwotimes,Freightvolumeislarge

Arailmodelrailwayisnotconvenient,whenthefreightamountislarge,thetotalcostishigh,thetotalcostinthiscaseis£1275

Directroad

£1350

£67.5

3days

Directroadtransporttimeisshort,anditisveryconvenient,dailytransport,transportcycleforthreedays，Andtheunitpriceofshortdistancetransportislow.

Directroadfreightvolumeislow,andthecostisrelativelyexpensive,andintheprocessoftransportationvulnerabletonaturalconditions

Multi-mode

£1185

£47.4

7days18hours

Theadvantageofthismodelisthatthecostofthismodelisrelativelycheap,andhasahighflexibility

Transportcycleforalongtime,inthiscase,thetransportcycleis7days18hours,andthetotalcostisrelativelyexpensive

TheExplanationofData

Sea:

Seatransportrequiresa40footcontainer,andthetotalcostofcarrying25palletsis£620,andthepriceis£25percontainer.Socostperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£620/25=£24.8.Thetransittimeis7days.

Air:

Becauseoftheneedforaircrafttransport,sothetotalcostof£1265,sothecostoftransportis£253,andthepriceis£1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1265/5=£253.Thetransittimeis4hours.

Rail:

Railmoderequires40feetofcontainertocarry25pallets,sothetotalcostis£1275,sothepriceis£51.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£1275/25=£51.Andthetransittimeis2days.

Directroad:

Aflatbedcontainerlorrycancarry20pallets,sothetotalcostis1350,becausethetransportationtimeis3days,socostperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1350/20=£67.5.

Multi-mode:

FromMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalatashouldbethefreightis£125,inadditiontotheseamodelof£620and£295oftherailwaymodel,whichalsoneedtoaddthecostof£145formCoatbridgeRail-porttoKiribatiBottling,ThusTotalmodecost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£1185/25=£47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£1185.

Technicalreport2

Initial

Incoterm

Description

EXW

ExWorks（namedplaceofdelivery）

Thesellermakesthegoodsavailableattheirpremises,oratanothernamedplace.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationsontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.

EXWmeansthatabuyerincurstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Eitherthesellerdoesnotloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesnotclearthemforexport,orifthesellerdoesloadthegoods,hedoessoatbuyer'sriskandcost.

FCA

FreeCarrier（namedplaceofdelivery）

"FreeCarrier"meansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakethegoodsintohischarge.When,accordingtocommercialpractice,theseller'sassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier（suchasinrailorairtransport）thesellermayactatthebuyer'sriskandexpense.

CPT

CarriagePaidTo（namedplaceofdestination）

"Carriagepaidto..."meansthatthesellerpaysthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestination.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrieristransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.

CIP

CarriageandInsurancePaidTo（namedplaceofdestination）

“CarriageandInsurancepaidto...”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsthecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustmadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyadditionalcostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.However,inCIPtheselleralsohastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer'sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.

DAT

DeliveredatTerminal（namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination）

ThisIncotermrequiresthatthesellerdeliversthegoods,unloaded,atthenamedterminal.Thesellercoversallthecostsoftransport（exportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges）andassumesallriskuntilarrivalatthedestinationportorterminal.

TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange,butmustbeafacilitywiththecapabilitytoreceivetheshipment.

DAP

Deliveredatplace（namedplaceofdestination）

Incoterms2010definesDAPas'DeliveredatPlace'-thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportreadyforunloadingatthenamedplaceofdestination.UnderDAPterms,theriskpassesfromsellertobuyerfromthepointofdestinationmentionedinthecontractofdelivery.

DDP

DeliveredDutyPaid（namedplaceofdestination）

Sellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Thistermisoftenusedinplaceofthenon-Incoterm"FreeInStore（FIS）".Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer.Noriskorresponsibilityistransferredtothebuyeruntildeliveryofthegoodsatthenamedplaceofdestination.

Incoterm2010

ExportCustomsdeclaration

Carriagetoportofexport

Unloadingoftruckinportofexport

Loadingchargesinportofexport

Carriage（SeaFreight/AirFreight）toportofimport

Unloadingontruckinportofimport

Loadingontruckinportofimport

Carriagetoplaceofdestination

Insurance

ImportCustomsClearance

Importtaxes

EXW

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

FAC

Seller

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

Buyer

CPT

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Buyer

Buyer

CIP

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Buyer

Buyer

DAT

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Buyer

Buyer

DAP

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Buyer

Buyer

DDP

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Seller

Technicalreport3

Definitionof

Groupage

Whenthegoodsareintransit,andthegoodsarelessthancontainerload,itcanbethefullcontainerloadgroupagetrafficcargocollectedfromalogisticscompanyatthesupplierandtransportedtothetransshipmentpoints.There,thecargowillbeconsolidatedandtransportedtothecustomer.

Consolidation

Inthetransportofcargoorinthewarehousing,whenpreparingforthetransportofgoods,goodscannotfillacontainer.Thesegoodsandothergoodscanbepackedtogetherintoacontainerload.Whichcansavecost

Circumstanceswhentheycouldbeused

First,whenthecontainerloadingcapacityofdissatisfactioncanbeused.

Second,theuseofthismethodcanhelpthecompanytosavetransportationcosts.

Third,theneedforfastertransportspeed.

Fourth,whenthevolumeoflargecargotransport

Costeffectivepalletload

Aftercalculation,itisconcludedthatthecostofthedirectroadmodelis£1350,soyoucanget£108perpallet,aftercalculation,wegetthefinalresultis£1350/£108=£12.sothebestcosteffectivenessis£12

Explanation:

Summaryfromtheabovecalculation,thetotalcostis£1350,sothepriceofeachpalletis£108.sowegetthefinalresultis£1350/£108=£12.sothebestcosteffectivenessis£12.

4.0Technicalreport4---Leasttotalcostconcept

RecommendationCharts

RouteA

RouteA

Mode

Leasttotalcost

Kirriemuir—Coatbridge

Road

£145+£28=£173

Coatbridge—Southampton

Rail

£315+£15+（2×£12）+£24.5+£55=£433.5

Southampton—portdeMontrealCanada

Sea

£1880+£24.5+£34=1938.5

PortdeMontrealCanada-Ecossehotelwarehouse

Road

£420+（18*2）+32=£488

Totaltransittime

1+1+10=13days

HireFee

£6*（1+1+3+14+10+1+2）=£192

Insurance

£80*（1+10%）=£88

Totalcost

£173+£433.5+£1938.5+£488+£192+£88=£3313

RouteB

RouteB

Mode

Cost

Kirriemu—Tilbury

Road

£505+£32+（6×£15）

=627

Tilbury—PortdemontrealCanada

Sea

£2010+£32+£34=£2076

Por