英语高考定语从句教学案.docx
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英语高考定语从句教学案
定语从句（教案）
一、定语：
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语、一个句子也可以来担任，单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
schoolhours学校作息时间
anenjoyableandexcitingexperience一次令人开心和激动的经历
anexperiencedteacher一位经验丰富的老师asmilingface一张笑脸
二、定语从句：
（1）修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，
（2）先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
（2）关系词：
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用：
1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
4.关系代词在句子中做宾语时可以省略，但在介词后不能省略。
ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.她就是教我们英国文学的老师。
ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的城市。
（三）关系代词基本用法
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
who
人
主，宾
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom
人
宾
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.
Theboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.
Theschool（that/which）heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous
whose
人，物
定
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.
that
人，物
主，宾
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
物
主，宾
Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
人，物
主，宾
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
when
时间
状语
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
where
地点
状语
（2）ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
why
原因
状语
（2）Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
练习、用关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Doyouknowtheprofessor_________willgiveusaspeechnextweek?
2.Ireadareportabouthisnewnovel__________willsoonbepublished.
3.Theplan___________theyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.
4.Thisisthenewsecretary_______________Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.
5.Thesoldier________legswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.
6.Pleasetellmethereason___________youmissedtheplane.
7.Doyoulikethebook____________colorisyellow?
8.Shanghaiisthecity_____________Iwasborn.
9.Thetime___________wegottogetherfinallycame.
.Answers：
1.who/that2.which/that3.that/which4.who/whom/that5.whose
6.why7.whose8.why9.when
（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。
非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思
Eg:
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.
五、定语从句中的动词的数
1.I,_______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout
A.whois B.whoam C.thatis D.whatis
2.Mr.Herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho_______inChina.
A.works B.isworking C.areworkingD.hasbeenworking
3.MrSmithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho_______inChina.
A.work B.isworking C.areworking D.havebeenworking
小结：
关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。
注意特殊句型，当先行词是：
oneof+名词复数+关系代词+主语+谓语动词（用复数）
theonlyoneof+名词复数，关系代词+主语+谓语动词（用单数）
二、定语从句考点归纳
（一）、用适当的关系代词填空。
1.Youmustwatchcarefullyeverything____theteacherdoesinclass.
A.where B.that C.who D.what
2.Hetoldmeall______heknew.
A.which B.what C.that D.who
3.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames___Ihaveeverseen.
A.that B.which C.what D.whom
4.Thelastplace_____wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm.
A.that B.which C.where D.inwhich
5.ThefirstEnglishnovel_______IreadwasRobisonCrusoe.
A.which B.that C.where D.who
6.That’sall______Icantellyou.
A.× B.which C.what D.whom
7.Isthereanyquestion_______troublesyoumuch?
A.which B.where C.who D.that
8.Whoistheman_______isspeakingthere?
A.whom B.which C.that D.whose
9.Sheistheonlyperson_______understandsme.
A.whom B.what C.whose D.that
10.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
11.Thereisaseatinthecorner_____________isstillfree.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
12.Thevillageisnolongertheone_________itusedtobe10yearsago.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
只用关系代词that的情况小结：
①先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。
②先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时,引导定语从句用that。
③先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that
④当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
⑤先行词指物，在主句中作表语时
⑥在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。
（二）、用适当的关系代词填空。
1.Ihavealotoffriends,________arecollegestudents.
A.someofthemB.someofwhich C.someofwhom D.someofthat
2..ThisisMrSmith,___________Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.
A.who B.whom C.that D.×
3.One_____________hasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
A.who B.whom C.that D.×
2.Those___________werenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
A.who B.whom C.that D.×
4.Hehasason,___________hasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
A.who B.whom C.that D.which
4.Ilikethepersonto______________theteacheristalking.
A.who B.whom C.that D.which
II关系代词用who/whom不用that的情况
小结:
1.One,those（指人）做先行词时，引导定语从句用who
2.非限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时只能用关系代词用who/whom不用that的情况
3.介词后面只能用whom不用that.
III.关系代词用which不用that的情况
1.Theknife______wecutthebreadisverysharp.
A.withwhich B.thatwhich C.whichwith D.which
2.Hisdog,_______wasnowveryold,becameillanddied.
A.it B.that C.whose D.which
3.Thebreadwhichismadebymymotherisbetterthanthat_________issoldin
foodshops.
A.which B.that C.who D.whom
小结：
1.非限制性定语从句中,先行词指物时只能用关系代词which
2.在介词后作宾语，只能用关系代词which
3.先行词是that指物时，只能用关系代词which
IV如何判断介词
1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Thisisthebook__for___whichyouasked
注意：
动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前
TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.
2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
HegavemesomereferencebooksinwhichIamnotveryinterested.
3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
Thisisourclassroom,infrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.
4）先行词前面有数词,several,afew,some,any,no等修饰时,用介词of
Shehasthreechildren,all__of_____whomareatschool.
练习.用适当的介词和关系代词填空。
1.Areyouinterestedinanyofthesongstowhichyou’velistened?
2.TheboywithwhomIwenttothecinemalastweekendismybestfriend.
3.Tomorrowisaparticulardayonwhichhisdaughterwillgetmarried.
4.Heisthepersonwithwhomwetalkedatthelastmeeting.
5.Theknifewithwhichhecutthingswaslostyesterday.
6.OnApril5,ourclasswentclimbingthehill,onthetopofwhichstoodahugetemple.
7.IboughtatelescopethroughwhichIcanstudythesky.
8.John,towhomyoucanturnforhelp,isaverykind-heartedman.
9.Thatwastherealreasonforwhichhewaslateforyesterday’smeeting.
10.Shehasthreechildren,all__of_____whomareatschool.
V.Whose的使用
whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系可以改成“名词+of+which”结构
whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系可以改成“名词+of+whom”结构
1．That’sthenewmachine____________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.thewhose
2．Theoldtemple______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.
A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose
3.Haveyoufoundthewoman______pursewaslost?
A.her B.ofwhich C.that D.whose
4.Whereisthewindow______glassisbroken?
A.Which B.that C.whose D.its
5.Thebook,thecover____isbroken,isnotmine.
A.ofit B.for C.whose D.ofwhich
VI.as的使用
练习、用as和which填空
（1）____________isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
A.which B.that C.who D.as
（2）Hemadegreatprogress,________madehisparentsveryhappy.
A.which B.that C.who D.as
（3）John,___________youknow,isafamouswriter.
A.which B.that C.who D.as
（4）Tomwasalwayslateforschool,____________madehisteacherangry.
A.which B.that C.who D.whom
（5）.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,______mademeveryhappy.
A.which B.that C.who D.whom
1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
（1）Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
（2）Hewashonest,aswecansee.
2、as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，as译为正如，好像。
另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思,常用句型：
Asyouknow/yousee/everybodyknows,asitisreported,
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
有“这一点”的意思。
注意：
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。
3、当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用as
（1）Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
（2）Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
（3）ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
4. such…as…与结果状语从句such…that…的区别：
as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；
that在结果状语从句中不做成分
（6）HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.
（7）HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobuyone.
VII.以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。
1.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
2.Ifeelmostangryabouttheway I’vebeentreated.
A.which B.where C.that D.how
theway作先行词，其中的关系词有三种不同的选择：
1）theway+that;
2）theway后省略关系词;
3）theway+inwhich。
.VIII. 判断关系副词和关系代词
1.Iwillneverforgettheday_____IjoinedtheLeague.
A.which B.when C.inwhich D.onthat
2.September18,1913istheday______we’llneverforget.
A.that B.when C.onwhich D.onthat
3.Iremembertheday_______Ifirstcametothecollege.
A.onwhich B.inwhich C.which D.that
5.Iworkinabusiness almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.how B.which C.where D.that
6.Isthisfactory______wevisitedlastyear?
A.where B.inwhichC.theone D.atwhich
7.Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastyear.
A.where B.which C.theone
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