初中英语复13句子.docx
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初中英语复13句子
初中英语复习—句子
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Δ句子
36.熟悉句子分类,从功能上分为:
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句;从结构上分为:
简单句、并列句和复合句。
37.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句及其回答。
38.能正确使用祈使句及其否定式。
39.能正确使用以what,how引导的感叹句。
40.能正确使用引导状语从句的连接词。
41.掌握时间和条件状语从句中,一般现在时表示将来的用法。
42.掌握宾语从句的语序、时态呼应及连接词的用法。
43.正确使用关系代词who,which,that引导的定语从句。
44.掌握谓语在人称和数上必须与主语一致的一般用法。
句子分类
肯定陈述句Theydotheirhomeworkcarefully.
陈述句
否定陈述句Theydon’tdotheirhomeworkcarefully.
一般疑问句Dotheydotheirhomeworkcarefully?
特殊疑问句Howdotheydotheirhomeworkcarefully?
疑问句
从功能上分选择疑问句Dotheydotheirhomeworkcarefullyorcarelessly?
反意疑问句Theydotheirhomeworkcarefully,don’tthey?
感叹句Howcarefullytheydotheirhomework!
肯定祈使句Doyourhomeworkcarefully.
祈使句
否定祈使句Don’tdoyourhomeworkcarefully.
主语+不及物动词.(主、谓结构)
主语+及物动词+宾语.(主、谓、宾结构)
简单句主语+连系动词+表语.(主、系、表结构)
主语+及物动词+间宾.(人)+直宾(物)
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补.
从结构上分
并列关系
并列句选择关系
转折关系
因果关系
状语从句
复合句宾语从句
定语从句
一.否定句的意义及构成:
句子中有“不,没”等表否定意义的词的句子就是否定句。
否定句的构成:
(一),英语中绝大多数的肯定句变为否定句都是在句子中放入否定词“not”即可。
具体方法:
分为两种情况
1.直接否定法,当句子中有:
:
A,“be”动词---am,is,are;was,were;
B,情态动词---can,may,must,could,might,should,will,need;
C,时态助动词---have,has;
直接在以上词后加入“not”构成。
1).He’stwelveyearsold
He__________twelveyearsold
2.)ManypeoplecanspeakEnglishnowdays.
Manypeople_______________Englishnowdays.
3).He’sreadtheinterestingbookalready
He________________theinterestingbookalready
4).She’sbabysittingherlittlebrotherwhenIsawhim.
She_________________herlittlebrotherwhenIsawhim.
5).I’dliketogoshoppingwithmymom.
I__________ ____togoshoppingwithmymom.
2.借助动词否定法,当句子中没有能直接否定的词时;要根据时态和人称,分别用“don’t,doesn’t,didn’t”进行否定。
且谓语动词一律用原型。
1).WehaveaclassmeetingeveryMondayafternoon.
We_________________aclassmeetingeveryMondayafternoon.
2).Themanvolunteersinthecountrysideeveryyear.
Theman__________________inthecountrysideeveryyear.
3).Ineedwearawormcoat.
I_______________wearawormcoat.
4).ClassTwovisitedthehistorymuseumlastweekend.
ClassTwo_________________thehistorymuseumlastweekend.
特别注意以下情况;
1.当句子中动词本身就是“do,does,did”时,其否定就“见啥加啥”,即见“do”就在“do”前加“don’t”,…….同样将原句动词变原型。
1).Idomorningexerciseseverymorning.
I_________________morningexerciseseverymorning.
2).Mikedoessportsintheafternoon.
Mike________________sportsintheafternoon.
3).Manystudentsdidagooddeedfortheoldlastterm.
Manystudents________________agooddeedfortheoldlastterm.
2.英语中有不规则动词,其中“cut,cost,read,let,hit,hurt,put”是属于三种形式同型的,一定要注意在具体语言环境中识别其时态,再确定否定词的运用。
(掌握其推论方法)
1).Tinahurtherself.
Tina______________herself.
2).Theycutthebigtree.
They_______________thebigtree.
They_______________thebigtree.
(二),在句子中名词前加“no”也可以构成否定。
“no=nota/an或notany”
There’ssomewaterintheglass.
There’snowaterintheglass.
=Thereisn’tanywaterintheglass.
1).Hehasacar.
Hehas_______car.
=He_______________acar.
2).Hisfathergavehimsomemoney.
Hisfathergavehim_______money.
=Hisfather______________him________money.
3).Theteacheraskedastudenttocleantheroom.
Theteacherasked________studenttocleantheroom.
=Theteacher____________________studenttocleantheroom.
(三),当句子中有下列词时,也构成了否定句:
none(=not…any/not…one),neither(=not...either),never(=not…ever),nobody(=not...anybody),nothing(=not...anything),
nowhere(=not...anywhere),few,little,hardly/hardlyever,...等。
Iknownoneofthem.
=Idon’tknowanyofthem.
Ihaveneverseenanalien.
=Ihaven’teverseenanalien.
Noneofusis/arethere.
注意:
1.在对句子进行否定时原句中的肯定词须变为相应的否定词:
some—any,and—or,already—yet,too—either(也,句末),so—neither(也,句首)。
HelikesEnglishandChinese.
Hedoesn’tlikeEnglishorChinese.
Ihavesomegoodfriends,too.
Idon’thaveanygoodfriends,either.
1).HecameearlyandsodidMike.(否定)
He_______________early,_______didMike.
2).Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.
I__________finishedmyhomework______.
=_____ofusis/are______there.
2.当句子中有“all,both,every,everybody,everything,always,等”表示“全部,所有,每个,等”含义的词时,加入“not”后,只表示部分否定。
Notallstudentsstudyhard.
=Allstudentsdon’tstudyhard.(并非所有学生都学习努力。
)
NoteverybodylikesChinesedumplings.
=Everybodydoesn’tlikeChinesedumplings.(并非所有人都喜欢中国饺子。
)
Theydon’talwaysgettogetheronFridayevening.(他们并非总是在星期五晚上聚会。
)
如果要将含有这些词的句子变为完全否定,须将以上词用对应的否定词:
“all—none/no,both—neither,every—no,everybody—nobody,
everything—nothing,always—never”.
Allofthehotelsinthecityarecleanandcomfortable.
________ofthehotelsinthecityareclean_______comfortable.
AlltheguestscamefromJapanese.
________guestscamefromJapanese.
Helikesbothofthesubjects.
Helikes_______ofthesubjects.
Wevisitedeveryfriendsinthecountry.
Wevisited______friendsinthecountry.
Theycouldseeeverythingontheblackboard.
Theycouldsee_______ontheblackboard.
二.一般疑问句的意义及构成:
以助动词,情态动词,“be”动词或“have”开始;常要求用“yes或no”回答。
又称是非问句。
具体方法:
分为两种情况
1.直接提问法,当句子中有:
:
A,“be”动词---am,is,are;was,were;
B,情态动词---can,may,must,could,might,should,will,need;
C,时态助动词---have,has;
直接在以上词提前放于句首,句末加“?
”构成。
2.借助动词否定法,当句子中没有能直接否定的词时;要根据时态和人称,分别用“Do,Does,Did”放于句首。
且谓语动词一律用原型。
2.直接否定法,当句子中有:
:
A,“be”动词---am,is,are;was,were;
B,情态动词---can,may,must,could,might,should,will,need;
C,时态助动词---have,has;
直接在以上词后加入“not”构成。
同时注意:
在变化时,对句子中的词须作相应的变化:
some—any,and—or,already—yet,
弄清楚一般疑问句的构成,对宾语从句陈述句语序的变化有十分重要的意义。
1).There’remanytreesonthehill.
__________________________________
2).Youmustmakeyourbedafteryougetupeveryday.
____________________________________________
3).Weneedapenandpieceofpaper.
__________________________________________
4).He’sreadtheinterestingbookalready.
_____________________________________________
5).Theoldmanalwaysgoesforawalkintheparkaftersupper.
______________________________________________
6).Manystudentsdidagooddeedfortheoldlastterm.
_____________________________________________
7).Tinahurtherself.
________________________________________
8).Theywenttherebyair.
____________________________________
9).Thelittleboyhastocleanthebigroomallbyhimself.
___________________________________________
三,特殊疑问句的意义及构成:
对句子中某个成分提出疑问的句子。
通常以“who/whom,whose,which,where,when,why,how等”疑问词开头,因此又叫“wh-疑问句”。
特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1.正常语序(陈述句语序):
它是对句子的主语或主语部分提问所构成的特殊疑问句。
即:
特殊疑问词+谓语动词+其他?
LiLeibrokethedoorofourclassroom.
Whobrokethedoorofourclassroom?
Hismothercanmakedeliciouscakes.
Whosemothercanmakedeliciouscakes?
ThemaninthecarisLily’sfather.
WhichmanisLily’sfather?
1).Thereissomemilkintheglass.________intheglass?
2).Thisisthewaytothesupermarket.
_____________thewaytothesupermarket?
3).Anseriousaccidenthappenedtotheboy.
_______happenedtotheboy?
4).Thereissomethingwrongwiththebus.
________wrongwiththebus?
=________thematterwiththebus?
=_________thetroublewiththebus?
5).Welikecomediesbecausethey’refunny.
_______________youlikecomedies?
2.倒装语序:
它是对句子的除主语或主语部分以外的成分提问所构成的特殊疑问句。
即:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
Helikesactionmoviesverymuch.
12
1.Whatmoviesdoeshelikeverymuch?
=Whatkindofmoviesdoeshelikeverymuch?
2.Howdoeshelikeactionmovies?
Theyplayedgameswiththeboyveryhappilyinourclassroomlastweek.
1234
1.Who/Whomdidtheyplaygameswithveryhappilyinourclassroomlastweek?
2.Howdidtheyplaygameswiththeboyinourclassroomlastweek?
3.Wheredidtheyplaygameswiththeboyveryhappilylastweek?
4.Whendidtheyplaygameswiththeboyveryhappilyinourclassroom?
弄清楚特殊疑问句的构成,对宾语从句陈述句语序的变化有十分重要的意义。
注意:
1.当画线部分是动词时,在问句中不能直接省去画线的动词部分,而应该视其在原句中的形式,用“代动词do”的相应形式去代替,再放入问句中根据语境来确定。
Herbrotheroftenplaystheguitaraftersupper.
Whatdoesherbrotheroftendoaftersupper?
Theparents3(wanted2(towatchtheirdaughter1(dance))).
1.Whatdidtheparentswanttowatchtheirdaughterdo?
2.Whatdidtheparentswanttodo?
3.Whatdidtheparentsdo?
2.注意几组易混淆的疑问词:
A.“what,who”对人名提问:
1).MynameisJimGreen.I’mJimGreen.
_______isyourname?
2).GinaoftengoestoschoolwithLucy.
12
_______oftengotoschoolwithLucy.
_______doesGinaoftengotoschoolwith?
B.“howmany,howmuch”问数量:
1).Hehastwentybaseballs.
______________baseballs_______he_______?
2).There’salittlericeinthebag.
______________rice______thereinthebag?
C.“howlong,howsoon,howoften”问时间:
1).TheAmericanfriendhasbeenherefor10years.
TheAmericanfriendhasbeenheresince10yearsago.
______________theAmericanfriendbeenhere?
.
2).Hegoesforawalkeverymorning.
____________hegoforawalk?
3).We’llhaveatestintwoweeks.
__________________wehaveatest?
D.“what,how”问天气:
It’sveryhot/rainy/cloudytoday.
______________theweathertoday?
_______________theweatherliketoday?
E.“howmuch,what”问价钱:
Thesocksaresevenyuan.
___________thesocks?
___________thepriceofthesocks?
F.“whatday,what’sthedate”问日期和星期:
1).It’sOctober5thtoday.2).It’sFridaytoday.
_______________today?
_______________ittoday?
3).It’sFriday,October5thtoday.
_____________today?
G.“how,what”询问对某人,谋事的看法:
1),________doyouthinkofthemovie?
2),_________doyoulikethemovie?
H.“how”的不同用法:
1).TheoldmanisOK/fine/well.(身体状况)
______________theoldman?
2).Thelittleboylovescartonsverymuch.(程度)
_____________thelittleboylovecartons?
3).They’llleaveforBeijingbyair.(方式,方法)
_________theyleavef