高考英语学业水平测试复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题四词义猜测类题目.docx

高考英语学业水平测试复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题四词义猜测类题目.docx

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高考英语学业水平测试复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题四词义猜测类题目

教学课件

专题四　词义猜测类题目

[命题特点]

利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义。

常见设问方式：

（1）Theword“...”refersto...

（2）Theunderlinedphrasemeans...

（3）Bysaying“...”wemean...

（4）Theexpression“...”standsfor...

（5）．..havetheclosestmeaning...

（6）Inotherwords...

[考查重点]

（1）生词的语境猜测。

（2）词组及短语的指代。

[方法技巧]

（1）利用上下文、构词法，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词复述、对比进行判断；

（2）利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断；

（3）根据关联词，如but，while，however，notonly...butalso等进行判断；

（4）利用构词法前缀、后缀、合成词进行判断。

Passage1

Istillremember—myhandsandmyfingersstillremember—whatusedtolieinstoreforusonourreturntoschoolfromtheholidays.Thetreesintheschoolyardwouldbeinfullleafagainandtheoldleaveswouldbelyingaroundlikeamuddyseaofleaves.

“Getthatallsweptup！

”theheadmasterwouldtellus.“Iwantthewholeplacecleanedup,atonce！

”Therewasenoughworkthere,tolastoveraweek.Especiallysincetheonlytoolswithwhichwewereprovidedwereourhands,ourfingers,ournails.“Nowseethatit'sdoneproperly,andbequickaboutit，”theheadmasterwouldsaytotheolderpupils,“oryou'llhavetoanswerforit！

”

Soatanorderfromtheolderboyswewouldalllineuplikepeanutsabouttocutandgatherincrops.Iftheworkwasnotgoingasquicklyastheheadmasterexpected,thebigboys,insteadofgivingusahelpinghand,usedtobeatuswithbranchespulledfromthetrees.Inordertoavoidtheseblows,weusedtobribe（贿赂）theolderboyswiththejuicycakesweusedtobringforourmiddaymeal.Andifwehappenedtohaveanymoneyonus,thecoinschangedhandsatonce.Ifwedidnotdothis,ifwewereafraidofgoinghomewithanemptystomachoranemptypurse,theblowswereredoubled.Theyhitussoviolentlyandwithsuchevilenjoymentthatevenadeafanddumbpersonwouldhaverealizedthatwewerebeingwhippednotsomuchtomakeusworkharder,butrathertobeatusintoastateofobedience（服从）inwhichwewouldbeonlytoogladtogiveupourfoodandmoney.

Occasionallyoneofus,wornoutbysuchcalculatedcruelty,wouldhavethecouragetocomplaintotheheadmaster.Hewouldofcoursebeveryangry,butthepunishmenthegavetheolderboyswasalwaysverysmall—nothingcomparedtowhattheyhaddonetous.Andthefactisthathowevermuchwecomplained,oursituationdidnotimproveintheslightest.Perhapsweshouldhaveletourparentsknowwhatwasgoingon,butsomehowweneverdreamedofdoingso;Idon'tknowwhetheritwasloyaltyorpridethatkeptussilent,butIcanseenowthatwewerefoolishtokeepquietaboutit,forsuchbeatingiscompletelyforeigntoournature.

【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文。

文中作者回忆了早年读书期间，假期返校清除落叶的一段经历。

1．Thestatement“myhandsandmyfingersstillremember”（Para.1）meansthat“________”．

A．theauthor'shandswereseverelyinjuredinthecleaningup

B．theauthorseldomdidsuchhardworkasthecleaningup

C．theauthorwasbulliedbythebigboysinthecleaningup

D．theauthor'shandswerehisonlytoolforthecleaning

解析：

作者一开始用了两个“remember”表明他对假期返校要清除落叶一事记忆深刻。

第二段提到自己在为学校清除落叶时没有别的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推断“手和指尖都记得”是因为在大扫除中，作者的手作为唯一的清洁工具受了不少的罪。

答案：

D

2．Theheadmasterwouldtellthestudentstocleanuptheschoolyardatthebeginningofthetermbecause________．

A．hewastoolazy

B．thereweremanyfallenleavesontheground

C．theschoolyardwascoveredwithmud

D．thestudentsdidn'tfinishtheirhomework

解析：

第一段最后一句提到假期过后学校会堆满落叶，第二段校长发布了让学生大扫除的命令，两者之间的因果关系显而易见，因此本题应选B项。

答案：

B

3．Theheadmasteraskedtheolderboysto________．

A．beatthosewhoworkedslowly

B．treatthesmallboysaspeanuts

C．takechargeoftheprocessofthecleaning

D．dothecleaningallbythemselves

解析：

第二段最后一句，特别是其中的“see”，表明校长让大孩子们做大扫除的“监工”，负责带领其他孩子们把学校打扫干净。

这也可以从该句的“...oryou'llhavetoanswerforit！

（否则你们就要为此负责）”看出答案为C项。

答案：

C

4．AccordingtoPara.3,iftheauthorhadanymoneyonhim,hemostprobably________．

A．gaveittothebigboyssoastopleasethem

B．gaveitasabribetotheheadmaster

C．spentitallonhismiddaymeal

D．spentitbuyingmiddaymealsforthebigboys

解析：

第三段第四句中的“...thecoinschangedhandsatonce.”可理解为“钱马上就会易主”，即钱到了大孩子们的口袋里，由此可知选A项。

答案：

A

5．Whenreceivingcomplaints,theheadmasterwoulddealwiththebigboysbymeansof________．

A．slightpunishment　　　B．harshcriticism

C．completeindifferenceD．goodbeating

解析：

根据题干中的complaints可定位到最后一段开头两句。

该段第二句表明校长对大孩子们的惩罚很轻，因此本题应选A项。

答案：

A

Passage2

The30milesofsteeproadsthatsnakethroughthemountainsofLoganCanyoninUtahareenoughtomakemostdrivers'handssweat.ButAndersen,a46－year－oldfatheroffour,wasn'texpectinganytroubleontheroadlastNewYear'sEve,whenhesetoffforaskitriptotheBearRiverMountainswithnine－year－olddaughterMia,four－year－oldsonBaylor,andnine－year－oldneighbourKenya.AndersenhaddriventhroughtheCanyonhundredsoftimesovertheyears.

Theweatherwasfine，butthehighertheydrove,themoreslipperytheroadsbecame.RoundingasharpU－turnatmilemarker473,Andersensawatruckthathadskatedofftheroadandimmediatelytappedhisbrakes.Inaninstant,thecarwasslidingat25milesperhourtowardstheshoulderofthehighway,thenrollingdownasteepten－footdamtowardstheextremelycoldLoganRiver.Asithitthewater,thecartippedtowardsthepassengerside,hesitated,andthenrolledontoitsroofandsankintotheriver.

Therewasnotimetotellthekidswhattodo.Thecrashhadbrokenafewwindows,andwithinseconds,theupside－downcarwasfilledwithwater.“Itwasfrighteninghowfastwewerecompletelyunderwater，”remembersAndersen,asoft－spokenproductdevelopmentmanager.“You'rethinking,isthishowit'sallgoingtoend？

”

Havinglostallsenseofdirection,Andersenbegantosearchthefreezingwaterforthekids.Miahadbeenrightnexttohiminthefrontseat;now,intheblackness,hecouldn'tfindher.Ithought，“IfIdon'tgetout,maybenoneofusaregoingtogetout.”Andersengotoutofhisseatbelt,swamthroughabrokenwindow,and,deeplyandquickly,breathedairatthesurface.That'swhenhesawagroupofmen,aboutteninall,appearatthetopofthedam.Oneafteranother,theyraceddownintothewater.Helpingontosafetyallthethreechildren,theybegantoshoutatthefather,“Whoelseisinthecar？

”Andersensaysrespectfully,“It_was_like_the型sightofangels_（天使）.”

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了Andersen开车带三个孩子上盘山公路时遭遇车祸并死里逃生的故事。

1．Whatmightbethemainreasonforthecaraccident?

A．ThesharpU－turn.

B．Thesteepdam.

C．Thesuddenbrake.

D．Atruckhittingthecar.

解析：

由第二段第二句“RoundingasharpU－turnatmilemarker473,Andersensawatruckthathadskatedofftheroadandimmediatelytappedhisbrakes.”可知是急刹车导致了这一次事故。

答案：

C

2．Andersendidn'texpectanytroubleontheroadbecause________．

A．hewasfamiliarwiththeroad

B．hewasgoodatdriving

C．hishandsdidn'thavesweat

D．theweatherwasfine

解析：

由第一段最后一句“AndersenhaddriventhroughtheCanyonhundredsoftimesovertheyears.”可知Andersen在Canyon山路上开了成百上千次车，所以，他应该是对这条路非常熟悉。

答案：

A

3．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

A．Andersenlostconciousnessinthewater.

B．StrangershelpedAndersenoutofthecar.

C．AndersenlikedMiamostamongthechildren.

D．Strangersteamedtogethertosavethethreechildren.

解析：

由最后一段“That'swhenhesawagroupofmen,aboutteninall,appearatthetopofthedam.Oneafteranother,theyraceddownintothewater.Helpingontosafetyallthethreechildren...”可知，陌生人成群结队地去救三个孩子。

答案：

D

4．TheunderlinedsentenceistoexpressAndersen'sfeelingofbeing________．

A．tiredB．excited

C．doubtfulD．grateful

解析：

由最后一句话中Andersen把他们比喻成天使，可知他应该对营救他们的人心存感激。

答案：

D

5．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A．Staycalmwhenintrouble

B．DriveroundingaU－turn

C．Miraclerescuefromanicyriver

D．MysteryoftheBearRiverMountains

解析：

纵观全文可知本文主要介绍了在冰河中，大家营救车祸中的三个孩子和一位父亲的故事，故C项为最佳选项。

答案：

C

Passage3

ScientistshavenotfoundanysignsoflifeonMarsyet,buttheysayaroboticvehiclecalled“Curiosity”ishelpingthemlearnalotabouttheplanet'shistoryandclimate.

CuriositylandedonMarsinAugust2012aftertravellingthroughspaceformorethaneightmonths.ItwassenttoMarsbyscientistsfromNASAintheUnitedStates.

Curiosityisaboutthesizeofacarandhassixwheels.Italsohasaroboticarm,cameras,andinstrumentsthatallowittoexaminethingsitfindsonthesurface.Thenitsendstheinformationbacktotheearth.

Curiosity'smaintaskistofindoutifanythingcouldliveonMars,eithernoworinthepast.OnNov.2,NASAscientistsheldapressconference（新闻发布会）todiscusswhatCuriosityhadfoundinitsfirsttwomonthsonMars.

Curiosityhasfoundsoilthatissimilartothesandformedbyvolcanoes（火山）ontheearth.ScientistssaythatstudyingthemineralsinMartiansoilwillhelpthemunderstandwhatconditionswerelikeontheplanetinthepast.Curiosityalsofoundsmoothstonesliketheonesfoundonriverbedsandseashoresontheearth,wheretheirroughedgeshavebeenworndownbywater.Marsisverycoldanddrynow,butscientistssaythesmoothstonestellthemthatariverusedtorunthroughtheplacewheretheywerefound.

CuriosityhasbeentestingtheatmospherearoundMarsforatypeofgascalledmethane（甲烷）,butsofarithasnotfoundany.Ontheearth,mostmethaneisproducedbyplantsoranimals.MethaneonMarsmightindicatethatsometypeoftinyplantsoranimalslivedthere.

CuriosityisthefourthroboticvehicletobesenttoMars.Itwillcontinuetoexploretheplanetforabouttwoyears.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。

1．WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutCuriosityisTRUE?

A．ItlandedonMarsinJanuary2012.

B．Itissmallinsizeandhasfourarms.

C．IttookovereightmonthstoarriveinMars.

D．ItwassenttoMarsbyscientistsfromRu