高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析.docx

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高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Scientistshavebeenstudyinghowpeopleusemoneyforlong.Nowthey'refindingsometheoriesmayapplytoonegroupofmonkeys.

   Researchersrecentlytaughtsixmonkeyshowtousemoney.Theygavethemonkeyssmallmetaldisks（圆片）thatcouldbeusedlikecashandshowedthemsomeyummyapplepieces.Themonkeyssoonfiguredoutthatiftheygaveoneofthediskstoascientist,they'dreceiveapieceofappleinreturn.

   Ifyouthinkthatisallthemonkeyscanfigureout,youarewrong.Tworesearchers,JakeandAllison,actedasapplesellersintheexperiments.Themonkeysweretestedoneatatimeandhad12diskstospendineachexperiment.Jakealwaysshowedthemonkeysoneapplepiece,whileAllisonalwaysshowedtwopieces.Butthat'snotnecessarilywhattheygavethemonkeys.Thenumberofapplepiecesgivenforadiskwasdeterminedatrandom.

   ExperimentOne:

Allisonshowedtwopiecesofapplesbutgavebothpiecesonlyhalfthetime.Theotherhalf,shetookonepieceawayandgavethemonkeyjusttheremainingpiece.Jake,ontheotherhand,alwaysgaveexactlywhatheshowed:

onepieceforeachdisk.ThemonkeyschosetotrademorewithAllison.

   ExperimentTwo:

Allisoncontinuedtosometimesgavetwopiecesandsometimesonepiece.Butnow,halfthetime,Jakegavetheoneapplepiecehewasshowing,andhalfthetimeheaddedabonus.Guesswhat?

ThemonkeyschosetotrademorewithJake.

   Inthefirstexperiment,themonkeyscorrectlyfiguredoutthatiftheytradedwithAllison,they'dendupwithmoretreats.Inthesecondone,whenamonkeyreceivedtwopiecesfromJake,itseemedlikeagain.WhenAllisongavethemonkeyonlyonepieceinsteadofthetwosheshowed,itseemedlikealoss.ThemonkeyspreferredtradingwithJakebecausethey'drathertakeachanceofseemingtowinthanseemingtolose.

   Wealsosometimesmakesillybusinessdecisionsjusttoavoidthefeelingthatwe'regettingless,evenwhenwerenot.Wouldyouhavemadethesamechoices?

（1）Whatconclusionmightexpertsdrawfromthefirstexperiment?

A. Themonkeysshowcertainbusinesssense.         

B. Businesstheoriescanapplytoallmonkeys.

C. Peoplearesmarterintermsoffinance.          D. It'seasytoteachmonkeyshowtotrade.

（2）Whatdoesabonusinparagraph5referto?

A. Ametaldisk.                     

B. Anapplepiece.                     

C. Achance.                     

D. Acoin.

（3）WhydidthemonkeyschoosetotrademorewithJakeinthesecondexperiment?

A. BecauseJakealwaysgavethemtwoapplepieces.         

B. BecausetheapplepiecesfromJakewereyummy.

C. Becausetheydidn'tlikethefeelingoflosing.         

D. BecausetheygetmoreapplepiecesfromJake.

（4）Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A. People'sBusinessDecision:

LoseorGain?

B. Moneky'sBusinessSense:

SmartorSilly?

C. ShoppingforBargain:

Sameordifferent?

D. DiskforApple:

WhotoTradewith?

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们通过实验来说明，“猴子的商业意识：

聪明还是愚蠢？

”

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“ThemonkeyschosetotrademorewithAllison.”可知，专家们从第一个实验中得出的结论是“猴子表现出一定的商业意识。

”故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“halfthetime,Jakegavetheoneapplepiecehewasshowing,andhalfthetimeheaddedabonus.可知，abonus指代的是“一块苹果”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“ThemonkeyspreferredtradingwithJakebecausethey'drathertakeachanceofseemingtowinthanseemingtolose.”可知，猴子在第二个实验中会选择与杰克进行更多的交易是因为他们不喜欢失去的感觉。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“Researchersrecentlytaughtsixmonkeyshowtousemoney....Themonkeyssoonfiguredoutthatiftheygaveoneofthediskstoascientist,theydreceiveapieceofappleinreturn.”和最后一段中的“Wealsosometimesmakesillybusinessdecisionsjusttoavoidthefeelingthatwe'regettingless,evenwhenwerenot.Wouldyouhavemadethesamechoices?

”可知，本文说的是，猴子的商业意识：

聪明还是愚蠢？

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   DevonGallagher,acollegegraduatefromPhiladelphia,wantstheworldtoknowexactlywhereshe'sbeenwhileshe'sonherworldwidevacationinaspecialway.Thetraveler,whowasbornwithabonedisease,hadherrightlegamputated（截肢）attheageoffour.AlthoughtheamputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.

   Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofhertravelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag（地理位置标签）,shewritesherlocationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture.

   NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawalloverlookingthecityofBarcelona,posingwithawaffleinBrussels,takinginthebeautifulParthenontempleinAthensandenjoyingariverrideinBudapest,allwiththewell-knownlocationswrittenonherartificialleg.

   "IgetanewlegeverytwoyearsandIcanchoosethedesignonit.OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."

   Gallaghersaidpeopleoftenstarewhenshe'swritingonherleg,butonceshesharesthephotos,shereceivesonlypositivefeedback（反馈）,"Myleghasn'tstoppedmefromdoinganythingI'vewantedtodo,"shesaid."Idon'tknowifit'smydeterminationtoprovetomyselfthatIcandoit,anyway,I'vebeenabletokeepupwithpeopleatmyageandleadaprettygreatlife."

   Gallaghershowsusthatyoushouldneverletanythingstandinthewayofyourdreams.Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart.

（1）WhatmessagedidGallapherwanttospreadinherspecialway?

A. Sheenjoyshertravellingacrosstheglobe.

B. Shesufferslittlefromherleg'samputation.

C. shelooksonhermisfortuneasanotherformofblessing.

D. Shehasexactlyfalleninlovewithpostingphotosonline.

（2）Whatdoestheword"which"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A. thecontinent                     

B. thepictures                     

C. theleg                     

D. thelocation

（3）Gallaphercanbestbedescribedas________.

A. helpfulandambitious                                     

B. friendlyandgenerous

C. determinedandcreative                                 

D. independentandsensible

（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. NeverTooLatetoshare                                   

B. ASpecialArtificialLeg

C. AnOutstandingPhotographer                       

D. Gallagher'sSummerHolidays

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】DevonGallagher小时因病右腿截肢，尽管有很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。

长大后Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置。

她的故事告诉我们不要让任何东西挡住通往梦想的道路。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中AlthoughtheamputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.。

尽管截肢早期给她带来了很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。

由此可知Gallagher想以她独特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一种幸运的形式，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。

NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawall…现在她在整个大陆拍照，应该是这些照片展示了…所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据第四段OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."Gallagher说她妈妈和外婆都不喜欢她chalk-board的主意，但她的朋友喜欢，让她去试试，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher很有决心。

根据第二段 Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofhertravelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag（地理位置标签）,shewritesherlocationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture。

Gallagher把她的位置写在假肢上来和大家分享可知他是一个很有创造性的人，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。

最后一段Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart。

是本文的主题句，根据文章内容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置的故事。

这篇文章是想通过Gallagher的一条假肢，传达出一种乐观向上的生活态度，故ASpecialArtificialLeg是最好的标题。

故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推断出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读理解

   Since2013,Torobo,aroboticarmdesignedtotestthelimitsofartificialintelligence,hashadoneambition—tobeadmittedtotheUniversityofTokyo.However,ithasrepeatedlyfailed.Thisyearwasnoexception.

   InearlyNovemberTorobotookanexamtoprepareforanall-importantstandardizedtest.WhileTorobo'stotalscoreof525outof950was14pointshigherthanin2015，itsstandardscoreof57.1%wasslightlylower,becausehumanstudentsdidbetterinthe2016test.

   Thoughthescore，whichishigherthanthenationalaverage,isenoughtogettherobotadmittedtomanyotherfamousJapaneseuniversities,

itfallsshortoftheminimumrequiredfortheUniversityofTokyo.

   AcloseranalysisoftheresultsshowedthatTorobo'snewlyprogrammedabilitytosolvecomplexphysicsproblemshelpedincreaseits

year-over-yearphysicsscorefrom46.5%to59%.Therobotalsodugdeepintoitsdatabaseofinformationfromtextbooksandwebsitestoobtain

animpressive66.3%inworldhistory.Theaverage60%scoresacquiredinthetwomathsections,werenottooshabbyeither.

   But，whileToroboisabletohandleknowledge-basedquestionsandonesinvolvingcomplexmathematicalcalculations,ithasahardtimethinkingindependently.Asaresult,therobotisunabletofullyunderstandmultiplesentencesandphrasestoarriveatthelogicalconclusionsrequiredintheEnglishlanguagetests.Thisweaknesswasreflectedintheweakoralandwritingscores,whichcameinat36.2%and50.5%,respectively.

   Fortunately,afterfourtiringyears,therobot'screatorshavede