Strategies on English Translation of Overlaps in Chinese.docx

Strategies on English Translation of Overlaps in Chinese.docx

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StrategiesonEnglishTranslationofOverlapsinChinese

StrategiesonEnglishTranslationofOverlapsinChinese

Abstract…………………………………………………………….3

摘要…………………………………………………………………4

I.Introduction………………..…………………..…………………..…….5

II.TheoverlapinChinese…………………………………..………….6

A.DefinitionofChineseoverlaps..……………………….……………….…6

B.TheclassificationofChineseoverlappedwords……………………...........6

1.Bythecompositionandform...…………………………………..………....7

2.Bythepartofspeech………………………………………….…….………8

C.ThefunctionofoverlappedwordsinChinese……………………….….….8

1.Addingthemeaning…………………………………………….……….….8

2.Strengtheningthemeaning……………………………….….……….……..9

3.Softeningthemeaning…………………………………………………..….9

III.TheoverlapinEnglish...........................................................................9

A.DefinitionofEnglishoverlaps…………………………………………….10

B.TheclassificationofEnglishoverlappedwords………..............................10

1.Overlapsofcompletesyllables…………………………………………….11

2.Overlapsofapproximatesyllables…………………………………………11

3.Theparticularoverlaps……………………………………………………..12

C.ThefunctionofoverlappedwordsinEnglish……………………………..12

1.Strengtheningthemeaning………………………………………..……….13

2.Enlargingthemeaning…………………………………………..…………13

3.Narrowingthemeaning……………………………………………..……..13

4.Shiftingthemeaning………………………………………………..……..13

IV.Thestrategiesofoverlaps’translation….……………….……...13

A.Thestrategiestorealizetheequivalenceintheeffect…………………….14

1.Employingrhetoricaldevice………………………………………………15

2.MakeuseofChinesephoneticalphabets………………………………….21

3.MakeagooduseoftheoverlapsinEnglish………………………………22

B.Thestrategiestokeeptheequivalenceinthemeaning…………..……….22

1.Usetheadjectivalandtheadverbial………………………………………23

2.Usetheverbs……………………………………………………………...26

3.Usethepluralformofthenountotranslatetheoverlaps…………………28

C.Thestrategiestomaintainotherequivalence..............................................28

1.ThechangeinthePositionofWord……………………………………….29

2.SLadverb+verb→TLverb……………………………………………...…30

V.Conclusion………………………………………………..………….….33

Acknowledgement.……………………………………………….….35

Bibliography..……………………………………………….….……36

StrategiesonEnglishTranslationofOverlapsinChinese

Abstract

OverlapsareacommonlinguisticphenomenoninChinese.TheuseofoverlapsisatypicalartisticmeanstodisplaythebeautyofChineseinrhythms,formsandimages.However,owingtothedifferentexpressionsbetweenChineseandEnglish,reduplicatedwordsaredifficulttobetranslatedliterally.Someexpertshavealwaysbeentryingtofindsolutionstothisproblem,andoneamongofthemisLuXun（鲁迅）whopointedoutinhisworksfromwordstotexts（《自文字至文章》）thattranslationistoapplytheprincipleofthe“ThreeIdentities”.WangYanrongandWangChangjiang（王艳荣.王长江,2008:

52）usefreetranslationtodealwiththerenderingofoverlaps.BasedontheanalysisofsomerelatedcharacteristicsofbothEnglishandChinese,thispaperistohandletheissuefromtwoaspects:

theequivalenceintheeffectandequivalenceinthemeaning.Then,conformingtotheprincipleof“faithfulness,expressivenessandbeauty”,thisthesisistoexploresomemoreprecisewaystotranslateoverlapwordsofChineseintoEnglish.Inordertoservethispurpose,anumberofexamplesonclassicalpoemsandproseabouttheoverlapandtranslationofthemarepresentedtoillustratetheskillstobeadoptedbythewayofcomparison,explanationandmoredetailedanalysis.

Keywords:

Chineseoverlap,translation,equivalence

汉语重叠词的英译对策

摘要

重叠在汉语中非常常见。

其构词形式丰富多彩，声情并茂功能独特，具有非凡的语言魅力，很容易在读者心中引起共鸣。

重叠是也是用来展示汉语的音律，形式以及意境魅力的一种美学表达形式。

然而由于中英文生活习俗和表达方式各异，重叠词无法按照字面意思对译。

很多语言专家也在尝试用不同的方法去解决这个难题。

鲁迅在他的《自文字至文章》一书中就提出了“三一致”原则的观点，王艳荣和王长江则认为意译法来可以解决重叠词的翻译难题。

本文就是在了解中英文重叠词特性的基础上，从翻译的时效对等和意义对等两个方面着手来解决这个问题。

具体地说，从重叠词的定义、构成、功能等方面着手，分析中英文重叠词的特点，在遵循“忠实、通顺、美感”基本的翻译准则的前提下，进一步详细探求具体的翻译策略。

本文引用了一些经典诗歌和散文中的重叠词并加以翻译，运用对比、解释和叙述等方式，比较分析汉语重叠词的英译对策。

关键词：

汉语重叠词，翻译，对等

I：

Introduction

TherearealargenumberofoverlappedwordsinChinese,whicharemostinimitableinEnglish.Theuseofoverlapsistoenhancethevividnessandvitality.LiuXie（刘勰）（周振甫,2004:

412）pointedoutthattheuseofoverlapsistovividlydescribetheobjectsandsatisfytheneedsandemotionalrequirementsofthesubjects.TherearemanyoverlapsinEnglishaswell,buttheyarequitedifferentfromthoseinChinese,suchasintheform,thefunctionandthepronunciation,etc,whichmakeithardtotranslateoverlapsfreelyandpreciselyintoEnglish.Hence,atfirsttheinvestigationisgoingtobemadeintotheoverlapsinChineseandEnglish.Thereforetheoverlapistobeexploredinthedefinition,theform,theclassificationandthemeaningandsoon.Onthebasisoftheknowledgeoftheoverlaps,thedissimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglisharetobepresented,whichwillbetakenintoconsiderationduringthetranslationofoverlaps.Finally,somemethodswillbesuggestedonthetranslationofoverlapsofChineseintoEnglish.

II.TheoverlapinChinese

Asaspecialphenomenon,theoverlappedwordiswidelyusedinChinese.ThemainrhetoricaleffectsofChineseoverlapslieinthreeareas:

reduplicatedwordcanproducespecialsoundeffects.Ithasconspicuouseffectofdescriptionandthefunctionofexpressing.Andthenwewillfromthedefinition,theclassificationandthefunctiontogetknowntheoverlappedwords.

A.DefinitionofChineseoverlaps

Theoverlap（尹衍桐、徐广英,2000:

73）,whichinotherwayiscalledthereduplicatedwordsorthereiterative,meansthereduplicationofthesameword,morpheme,orsyllable；thereduplicationofwordsisreferredtothereduplicatedformoftheword;thereduplicationofthemorphemeorsyllableisthereiterativeorreduplicatedwords..

Theoverlap（黄伯荣、廖序东,2002：

23），ismadeupofthetwosamewordfeet.

Therefore,fromtheseexplanationsweeasilyunderstandthattheoverlapisformedbythetwopartswhicharethesameinthepronunciationsandtheformsandsoon.

Asweallknow,thereareagreatnumberofoverlapsinChinese.Andatthesametime,wecanassortthemintodifferentspicesifwedependondifferentstandards.

B.Theclassificationofoverlappedwords

Justasmentioned,wecangetthedifferenttypesaccordingtodifferentcriteria.

1.Bythecompositionandform

Ifwefollowthisstandard,wecanclassifytheoverlapsintotwodifferenttypes:

thetotaloverlapandthepartialoverlap

i.Thetotaloverlap

Thetotaloverlapisjustappliedtothesekindsofoverlapswhicharemadeupby2charactersor4characters.IfuseAtostandforthefirstChinesecharacterandBfortheotherdifferentcharacter,thenwegetfollowingexactexamples（雷蕾,1999:

26）

1）AA:

渐渐刚刚天天

2）AABB:

郁郁苍苍密密麻麻三三两两

3）ABAB：

研究研究考虑考虑一天一天

ii.Thepartialoverlap

Thepartialoverlapisreferringtothisphenomenonthatthisoverlapcontainsmorethan2characters（getridoftheoverlapsmentionedinthetotaloverlap）.AndalsoweuseAinsteadofthefirstChinesecharacter,andBisthesecond,Cisthethirdandsoon.Therefore,wegetnewexamplesasfollows（ibid）:

1）AAB:

散散步毛毛雨聊聊天

2）ABB:

天苍苍红彤彤一个个

3）BCAA:

白雪皑皑得意洋洋风尘仆仆

4）AABC:

楚楚动人心心相印步步为营

5）ABAC:

忙里忙外边唱边跳一心一意

6）A了/一A:

看一看尝一尝吹一吹

7）A呀/啊A:

走呀走游啊游唱啊唱

8）A着A着:

说着说着数着数着跳着跳着

9）A里AB:

糊里糊涂娇里娇气罗里啰嗦

10）A都A不B:

爬都爬不动听都听不完

11）AB又AB:

一年又一年一次又一次

2.Bythepartofspeech

Thepartofspeechmeansthecharacteristicorpropertyofacertainword,whichcoversthenoun,theverb,theadjectival,theadverbial,theonomatoeiaandthequantifier.Consequently,wegetnewclassification:

（黄锦华,1997:

82-85）

1）nounoverlaps:

妈妈天天人人

2）verboverlaps:

看一看忍忍说着说着

3）adjectivaloverlaps:

小小迢迢摇摇晃晃

4）adverbialoverlaps:

刚刚渐渐默默

5）onomatoeiaoverlaps:

哗哗呵呵叮铃铃

6）quantifieroverlaps:

个个次次件件

C.Thefunctionofoverlappedwords

Ifanitemofwordsareduplicated,therewillbeachangeaboutthemeaning,andthenthefunctionofthereduplicatedwordswillbedifferentfromeachother,whichwillmakelanguagemorevividandthetextmoretouching.Thesechangesareclassifiedasfollows:

1.Addingthemeaning（刘红珍,2002:

65）

Thisphenomenonwillappearwhenthenounandthequantifierarereduplicated.Forexample,“个”means“one”,“天”means“thedayoroneday”,“簇”means“cluster.”Whilewhentheyarereduplicated,anewmeaningisadded,“个个”means“everyone,eachone”,“天天”means“everyday”,“一簇簇”means“manyclusters”.

2.Strengtheningthemeaning（ibid）

Thisphenomenonwillappearwhenthepartialadjectival,theadverbialandthequantifierarereduplicated.Suchas“一步”istranslatedinto“onestep”,“甜的”is“sweet”,whilewhentheyareoverlapped,“一步一步地”is“stepbystep”,“甜甜的”is“verysweet”.Formtheexamples,thedegreeofthewords'meaningisstrengthenedandstressed.

3.Softeningthemeaning（金立,2003:

63）

Thisphenomenonwillappearwhentheverbandthepartialadjectivalareduplicated.Forexample,“小的”wouldbetranslatedinto“short”,“看”wouldbetranslatedinto“see”whilethewordsarereduplicated,“小小的”is“itty-bitty”,“看看”is“haveasee”.Formtheexamples,theextentofthemeaningsofwordsaresoftenedandeasedoff.

III.TheoverlapinEnglish

BecauseEnglishisalphabeticlanguageandeverywordisranginginaline,shortandlong,itisimpossibletohavethesameeffectinocularaestheticfeeling.However,EnglishstillhasitsreduplicativewordsthesameasinChinese,Suchascoca-cola,filmflanandbonbonetc.Butwhatoneartharetheydifferentfromeachother?

Now,weexplainthisissuefromthefollowingaspects:

A.DefinitionofEnglishoverlaps

Reduplicationisagrammaticallyfunctionalrepetitionofaradicalelementorapartofitoccurringusuallyatthebegi