机械类两篇外文翻译.docx

机械类两篇外文翻译.docx

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机械类两篇外文翻译

英文题目一

Overall-mechanizedassemblinglinefor

Productionintheuzbekkhimmashworks

Shell

翻译内容

TheprocessofshellproductionappliedintheUzbekkhimmashWorksinvolvesagreatnumberofadjustingandtransportingoperations.Thelatterarecarriedoutwiththehelpofelectricoverheadcraneswhichlengthenstheproductioncycle.ToeliminatethesedeficienciesaccordingtotheVNIIPTkhimnefteapparatury,anoverall-mechanizedassemblinglinewasconstructedandintroducedintheplant;itisusedintheproductionofboilersheelsofdiametersfrom600to2200mm,lengthsupto2000mmandwallthicknessesupto20mm,ofcarbonsteelandhigh-alloysteels（Fig.1）.Asheetwiththeplannededgesisbroughtbycranetothemechanizedroll-typeconveyer1whichtransfersittothehydraulicpress2inwhichtheedgesarebent.

Thepressgeneratingloadsof360tonsisprovidedwitharotaryplungerguaranteeingabendingwiththenecessaryradiusofcurvature.Afterthebendingofthefirstedgethesheetpassesthroughthepresswherethesecondedgeisbent.Thedieisprovidedwithspecialhingedpropsforaccurateorientationofthesheet'sedgesrelativetothepress.

Thesheetwiththebentedgesistransferredalongtheroll-typeconveyer3toathree-rollersheet-bendingroll.Theconveyers1and3arecontrolledfromthepresscontroldesk;inadditiontothistheconveyer3iscontrolledfromtherollercontroldesk.Inconsistentoperationoftheconveyersisexcludedbyablockingmechanism.Therolls4bendthesheetaccordingtotheradiusofthefutureshelluntiltheendsofthesheetmeet.Withthehelpoftheliftingmechanism5,whichisoftheformofarunwaycranealongwhichtwocoupledtelpherswiththeload-liftingmechanismmove,thehalf-finishedshellistransferredfromtheroilstotheinclinedassemblingrails6（Fig.2）.Thehoistingmechanismisprovidedwithremotecontroloperatedbytheworkerhimself.

Thehalf-finishedshellthenmovesalongtheinclinedassemblingrails（angleofslope45'）underitsownweight.Thetotallengthoftherailsis49m.

Fig.i.Overall-mechanizedassemblylinefortheproductionofboilershells,600-2200mmindiam:

a）schematicdiagram,b）generalview.

Fig.2.Assemblingrailwiththeboilershellsonit.

Onstand7theshellsareassembledandpreparedforinnerweldingofthelongitudinalbutt.Theautomaticweldingofthelongitudinalbuttiscarriedoutfrominsidetheshell,onapneumofluxcushionunderalayeroffusingagentbyaspecialeight-polearrangement.Therangeofthepolesis2500mm,thediameteroftheelectrodewireis3mmandtheweldingrateis10-50m/h.

Aftertheinnerlongitudinalseamhasbeenwelded,thehalf-finishedshellistransferredtostand9wheretheseamrootsaredressed.Onthisstandthelongitudinalbuttoftheshellispreparedforweldingontheouterside,whichisthencarriedoutonaspecialdeviceoften-balconytypeofABChead.Inordertoweldshellsofvariousdiameters,thebalconycanbedisplacedinaverticaldirectionataspeedof1.85m/min.Theload-liftingcapacityofthebalconyis1000kg.Aftertheoutsideweldingtheshelliscalibratedonthethree-rollerroils11andistransferredtothex-rayroomforqualitycontroloftheweldingseam.

Inordertopreventthehalf-finishedshellsfromrollingbythemselvesalongtherails,infrontofeachworkingposttherailsareprovidedwithstoppingdevices12withinterceptors.Apneumaticdriveenablesthestoppingdevicestoholdtheshellsontheinclindedrailsandtoletthempass,oneatatime,totheworkingstand.Theworkingstandsareprovidedwithoutstandingdrivingroller-bearings13withrubbercoatedrollerswhichmakeitpossibletoholdtheshellsinthenecessarypositionwiththehelpofelectricdrives.Alltransportationofthehalf-finishedshellsbetweentheindividualoperationsiscarriedoutwithouttheelectricoverheadcrane,thusreducingtimelossesbetweenoperations.

Theindustrialintroductionoftheover-allmechanizedassemblylinepermittedaconsiderableaccelerationoftheshellproductioncycle;itmadeworkeasierandeliminatedoneofthebottle-necksintheindustrialproductionofchemicalapparatus.

Thepresenteffortsofthework'scollectiveareaimedattheconstructionofasecondassemblylineproducingvesselsfromshells;suchalinewouldpermitacompletemechanizationoftheentireproductionprocessofthevendsofchemicalapparatusintheplant.

指导教师评语

指导教师签字

年月日

英文题目二

Robotbasedsystemfortheautomationofflowassemblylines

翻译内容

AbstractInthispaperapromisingapproachtotheautomationofflowassemblylinesispresented.Thedevelopedsystemusesastandardindustrialrobotandsynchronizesittotheproductinalldegreesoffreedom.Thesynchronizationisenabledbydividingtheassembly

processindifferentphasesandcontrollingtherobotineachphasewithanadequatesensorsystem.Besidesthatacomplianceisintegratedintothegrippersysteminordertoreducehighcontactforcesandtoleratehighfrequentposedeviations.Mainadvantagesofthesynchronizedassemblyaretheavoidanceofbuffersandthereductionofthethroughputtime.

Keywords：

Assembly.Robot.Flowlines

Today’sassemblysystemshavetocopewithahighnumberofvariantsoftheproductbyrealizingcompetitivequalityandcosts.Thereforetheseassemblysystemsareusuallymanualorhybridassemblylines[1].EspeciallytheGermancarmanufacturersusemostlymanuallaborintheirassemblylines[2].Automationishinderedbytheneedforclockedcycles,thelackofflexibilityofthesesystemsandthenecessaryseparationofmanandrobots[3].

ThesynchronizedassemblyinmotionorassemblyontheflyasshowninFig.1,isoneanswerfortheeconomicneedforautomationinflowassemblylines[4].Eventhoughthisideaisaroundforabout50yearsitstillneedsfurtherdevelopment.Theexistingapproachestoanautomatedassemblyinmotioncanbedifferentiatedbytheprincipleofsynchronizationbetweentheconveyorsystemandtherobot.Thereareapproachesusingmechanical,guidedorcontrolledsynchronizingprinciples.

Themechanicalsynchronizationisthesimplestprinciple

ofsynchronizationbecauseitisbasedoneitheraforce

fitoraninterlockingjoint.Disadvantagesaretherequired

mechanicaladaptationsoftheconveyorsystemandthelow

accuracies[5].

Morepromisingaretheguidedandthecontrolledsynchronization.

Todaytheguidedconveyortrackingisimplementedinmostrobotcontrolsystems.Usingthismethodtheconveyorspeedismeasuredandthedifferenceoftheconveyortothetoolcenterpoint（tcp）oftherobotiscalculatedwithintheinterpolationcycle.Thenthemovementoftherobotiscorrectedbytherobotcontrol.AccordingtoDirndorfer[5]thissystemcannotachieveamaximumaccuracyinsynchronizationoflessthan1mmduetovibrationsandthefollowingerroroftherobot.

Thecontrolledorfeedbacksystemsuseeitherhydraulicorelectronicalgorithmsforsynchronization.Allthesemethodshaveincommonaconstantmeasurementofthedeviationbetweentherobotandtheconveyorsystem.Hence,therobotspeedcanbeadjustedusingafeedbackalgorithm.Sofar,allappliedsynchronizedrobotsystemslackinachievingtheaccuracyofastationaryrobot.Onereasonistheinsufficientspeedofcontrolbecauseoflongprocessingtimes.Furthermore,thesynchronizationisenabledonlyinflowdirectionoftheconveyorsystems.Allothermovementsandthereforedeviationsinposeperpendiculartotheflowcoursearenotconsidered.Furthermoreeconomicapplicationinindustryisadditionallyhinderedbythecomplexityandthecostsofthesystems.

Fig.1Prototypeoftheassemblyinmotion

5Realization

Inordertovalidatethedescribedconceptarobotbasedprototypehasbeenrealizedwithinthisresearchproject.TheimplementedassemblyprocessisthemountingofthewheelstoacarbodyasshowninFig.1.Thisparticularprocessischaracterizedbyatoleranceof0.13mm.Thewholeprocessfromdetectingthecartogrippingthewheels,synchronizingtherobotandfinallyassemblingthewheelhasbeenrealizedinordertorealisticallyreproducetheprocess.Theprototypeisbasedonanindustrialrobotwhichismountedonalinearunitandcarriesupto180kg.Duetothelinearaxisthelengthofsynchronizedworkisupto7m.

Thecarbodyisconveyedbyamonorailconveyorsystemwithaspeedof6m/min.Theconveyorsystemhasbeenadaptedsothatamovementof0.5minheightcanalsoberealized.Thisadaptationisnecessaryinordertosimulatethebehaviorofdifferentkindsofconveyorsystems.

Specialinteresthasbeenpaidtothegrippersystem,showninFig.4.Asdescribedpreviouslyavisionsystemandacompliantforce–torquesensorhavebeenimplemented.Thevisionsystemispositionedinthemiddleofthegrippersysteminordertopreventocclusionandtorealizenearprocessmeasurements[10,11].

Thecompliantforce–torquesensorismountedontopofthegrippersystemclosetotherobotflange.Duetothelimitedpayloadofthesensorthreeadditionalspringswerepositionedaroundittoparallelizetheforces.Theappliedcompliancecompensatesdeviationsbetweentherobotandtheassemblypartupto3mmand3_inalldof.

Thegrippingofthewheeltakesplaceonthetreadsothattheholeoftheaxisisfreeforthevisionsystem.Furthermore,fiveautomaticscrewsystemshavebeenimplementedtoenablethemountingofthewheel.

7Summary

Theassemblyinmotionisoneofthekeyfactorsinenablingeconomicautomationinflowassemblylines.Duetothelimitedstiffnessofconveyorandrobotsystemssynchronizationoftherobottcpand