初中英语名词讲解及练习.docx

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初中英语名词讲解及练习.docx

初中英语名词讲解及练习

(二)名词

I.名词的种类:

专有名词

普通名词

国名地名人名,团体机构名称

可数名词

不可数名词

个体名词

集体名词

抽象名词

物质名词

II.名词的数:

1.规则名词的复数形式:

名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。

现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

规则

例词

1

一般情况在词尾加-s

map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days

2

以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es

class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe结尾的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs

4

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es

party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities

5

以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s

toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys

6

以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词

有生命的加-es

hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes

无生命的加-s

piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos

7

以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s

radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos

8

以-th结尾的名词加-s

truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,

9

以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的名词加-s

case,oranges

2.不规则名词复数:

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

规则

例词

1

改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice

2

单复数相同

sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,

3

只有复数形式

ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents

4

一些集体名词总是用作复数

people,police,cattle,staff

5

部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)

audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party

6

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)

7

表示“某国人”

加-s

Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans

单复数同形

Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women

Englishmen,Frenchwomen

8

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数

sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches

将两部分变为复数

womensingers,menservants

III.名词的所有格:

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

所有格分两种:

一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。

前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。

1.’s所有格的构成:

单数名词在末尾加’s

theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,

复数名词

一般在末尾加’

theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,

不规则复数名词后加’s

thechildren’stoys,women’srights,

以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’

Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house

表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s

Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes

表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s

JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather

表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略

thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s

2.’s所有格的用法:

表示时间

today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday

2

表示自然现象

theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches

3

表示国家城市等地方的名词

thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry

4

表示工作群体

theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory

5

表示度量衡及价值

amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples

6

与人类活动有特殊关系的名词

thelife’stime,theplay’splot

7

某些固定词组

abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)

3.of所有格的用法:

用于无生命的东西:

thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook

用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:

theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents

用于名词化的词:

thestruggleoftheoppressed

注:

不同国籍人的单复数 

国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数

中国人the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese      瑞士人the Swiss,a Swiss,two Swiss

澳大利亚人the Australians,an Australian,two Australians俄国人the Russians,a Russian,two Russians

意大利人the Italians,an Italian,two Italians      希腊人the Greek,a Greek,two Greeks

法国人the French,a Frenchman,two Frenchmen  日本人the Japanese,a Japanese,two Japanese

美国人the Americans,an American,two Americans印度人the Indians,an Indian,two Indians

加拿大人the Canadians,a Canadian,two Canadians德国人the Germans,a German,two Germans

英国人the English,an Englishman,two Englishmen瑞典人the Swedish,a Swede,two Swedes

4.特殊的复数形式:

1)集体名词:

集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。

thepolice  警察(指全体警察)theEnglish  英国人(指全体英国人)

theFrench  法国人(指全体法国人)

2)复合名词

awomanteacher—womenteachers 女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen 英国男子

agrown-up—grown-ups 成人

abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law 内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯

5.不可数名词

专有名词:

NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake 西湖

物质名词:

液体:

milkwater  teacoffeejuiceoil(油)

肉类:

beefchickenmuttonpork

天气:

weatherrainsnowwindlight光

其他:

news(新闻,消息)bread(面包)

抽象名词:

funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步

【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。

tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶

food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品

fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果

glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯

名词练习

1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.

      A.roofs,leafs              B.roofs,leaves            C.rooves,leafs            D.rooves,leaves

2.Therearethree____inourfactory.

      A.womandoctors        B.womendoctors        C.womandoctor         D.womendoctor

3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?

      A.potatos,tomatos             B.potatos,tomatoes     C.potatoes,tomatos     D.potatoes,tomatoes

4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.

      A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’s                 B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’s

      C.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’s              D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s

5.Theanthastwo____.            A.stomaches        B.stomacks          C.stomach           D.stomachs

6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.                    A.chick        B.chicken     C.chickens   D.chicks

7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.  A.so B.such     C.soas  D.sucha

8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!

 A.How  B.HowaC.What       D.Whata

9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.    A.soundB.sounds    C.thesounds D.asound

10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.

      A.cattle,cows                    B.cows,cattle                    C.cattles,cows           D.cow,cattles

11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate(军营门口).

      A.havegathered          B.hasgathered            C.is                            D.was

12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.

      A.deal                        B.amount                    C.number                   D.size

13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.

      A.Many                      B.Agreatmany           C.Agreatdealof         D.Anumberof

14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.

      A.hand                       B.ahand                     C.hands                      D.thehands

15.Two____,please.  A.coffee       B.coffees             C.cupofcoffee           D.cupscoffee

16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.

      A.highpricea                    B.highprice                C.ahighprice                    D.highaprice

17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.   A.Man’s       B.Men’s C.Mens’   D.Person’s

18.Istayedat____.             A.XiaoWang’s    B.Wang’shome   C.theWangs  D.homeofWang

19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.          A.shoes        B.shoses       C.shoe   D.shoe’s

20.Haveyoueverread____?

      A.todaynewspaper             B.newspapertoday             C.newspaperoftoday  D.today’snewspaper

21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.   A.hour         B.hours        C.hour’s       D.hours’

22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.

      A.JuliaandMary         B.JuliaandMary’s       C.Julia’sandMary’s    D.Julia’sandMary

23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.

      A.anyone’s                 B.anyoneelse              C.anyone’selse’s        D.anyoneelse’s

24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.

      A.sand,sand               B.sands,sands            C.sand,sands                    D.sands,sand

25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.         A.set     B.one    C.copy  D.pair

26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.           A.walk  B.ride    C.trip    D.travel

27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.

      A.information              B.news                       C.message                  D.flash

28.Foodand____aredailynecessities(需要)forthepeople.

      A.cloth                       B.clothe                      C.clothes                           D.clothing

29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.            A.strength B.sense C.powerD.skill

30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.

      A.incident,washappened                                B.matter,happened             

C.event,wastakenplace                                 D.accident,tookplace

31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.

      A.beating                    B.ways                       C.knocking                 D.striking

32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.

      A.Thepublic               B.People                     C.Women                   D.Man

33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.

      A.office,official          B.official,office          C.officer,office          D.official,officer

34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.

      A.character,character B.characters,characters      C.character,charactersD.characters,character

35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.

      A.everyotherdays             B.eachotherday         C.everyotherday        D.everytwoday

36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.

      A.onedayortwo        B.adayortwo            C.onedayor

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