联想的国际化战略 英文 lenovos international strategy.docx

联想的国际化战略 英文 lenovos international strategy.docx

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联想的国际化战略英文lenovosinternationalstrategy

Lenovo’sInternationalStrategy

Step1:

Abstract:

Inthe21stcentury,theglobalizationhasbecomeanunconvertibleobjectiverealityand“globalthinking,globalacting”hasalreadybeenaruleformultinationalcompaniestoobserve.FormostChinesecompaniesthathavebeenorisgoingtobeinternationalcompanies,thereisonlyonewaytobecomea“visionarycompany”andgainlastingcompetitiveness:

thatistoinvolvethemselvesintheglobalizationtrendandfacethechallengeinthefuturepositively.TheLenovoGrouphasbeenanvanguardfortheChineseITcompanies,andafteritsacquisitionofIBMPCdivision,LenovohasbecomeanimportantPCmanufacturer.

ThepurposeofthispaperistorevelatoryandindicativetotheNewLenovoandothercompaniesthatdesiretobecomegreatglobalcompaniesthroughdeepstudyofthesuccessandfailureofLenovo’sinternationalpracticesduringthepasttwentyyears.

Introduction:

Origins:

Thecompanywasfoundedin1984byagroupofelevenengineers,headedbyLiuChuanzhi,inBeijing.OriginallyknownasLegendGroupLtdandNewTechnologyDeveloperIncorporated,thelistedholdingcompanywasincorporatedin1988inHongKong.ThecompanyhadbecomethebiggestPCmanufacturerofdomesticanddistributedthirdpartyproductsthroughitswholesalebusiness.

Thecompanyunderwentrestructuringandseparatedintotwoentities.TheywereLenovoandDigitalChinaHoldingsLimited.LenovobecamethepersonalcomputermanufacturerandDigitalChinatookonthewholesaleanddistributionofITproductsandservices.

In2005LenovopurchasedIBM'sPCDivisionwhichtransformeditintoamajorinternationalpersonalcomputermanufacturer.Lenovopaid$1.27billiontoIBMwhichconsistedof$655millionincashand$600millioninLenovostock.Asaresultoftheacquisition,LenovogainedtherightstotheproductlinesaswellaslicensedtrademarkssuchasThinkVision,ThinkPad,ThinkVantage,ThinkCentre,Aptiva,andNetVista.AsofMay1,2005,IBMowned19.9%ofLenovo.

development：

1980s

1981:

IBMPCDintroducesitsfirstpersonalcomputer,theIBMPC.

1984:

IBMPCDintroducesitsfirstportablecomputer,theIBMPortablePC,weighing30pounds.WithaninitialcapitaloutlayofonlyRMB300,000（US$30,000）Lenovo’sfoundingchairmanLiuChuanzhi,togetherwith10like-mindedcolleagues,launchestheNewTechnologyDeveloperInc.（thepredecessoroftheLegendGroup）fundedbytheChineseAcademyofSciences.

1986:

IBMPCDannouncesitsfirstlaptopcomputer,thePCConvertible,weighing12pounds.

1987:

IBMPCDannouncesthePersonalSystem/2personalcomputer.LegendsuccessfullyrollsouttheLegendChinese-charactercard.

1988:

Legend’sChinese-charactercardreceivesthehighestNationalScience-TechnologyProgressAwardinPeople'sRepublicofChina.LegendHongKongisestablished.

1989:

BeijingLegendComputerGroupCo.isestablished.

1990s

1990:

TheveryfirstLegendPCislaunchedinthemarket.Legendchangesitsrolefromthatofanagentforimportedcomputerproductsintothatofaproducerandsellerofitsownbrandedcomputerproducts.LegendPCsareratifiedandacceptedbytheChinaTorchProgram.

1992:

IBMPCDintroducesThinkPadseries,theindustry’sfirstnotebookwitha10.4inchcolorThinFilmTransistor（TFT）displayandaTrackPoint（redball）pointingdevice.LegendpioneersthehomePCconceptandLegend1+1homePCsentertheChinesemarketplace.

1993:

LegendentersthePentiumera,producingPeople'sRepublicofChina’sfirst“586”PC.Legendestablishes1+1retailnetwork.

1994:

IBMPCDintroducestheindustry’sfirstnotebookwithintegratedCD-ROM,theThinkPad755CD.LegendislistedontheHongKongStockExchange.TheLegendPCbusinessdivisionisformallyestablished.

1995:

IBMPCDintroducesthe“butterfly”keyboard.LenovomovesfromBocaRaton,Florida,toRaleigh,NorthCarolina.LegendintroducesthefirstLegend-brandserver.

1996:

LegendbecomesthemarketshareleaderinChinaforthefirsttime.LegendintroducesthefirstLegendbrandlaptop.

1997:

IBMPCDintroducestheindustry’sfirstnotebookequippedwithaDVD-ROM,theThinkPad770.LegendsignsanIntellectualPropertyagreementwithMicrosoft,themostvaluabledealevermadeinChinaatthetime.Legendlaunchesthefirstmulti-functionlaserprinter.

1998:

IBMPCDintroducestheThinkLight,asmalllightthatilluminatesthekeyboardforuseinlow-lightworkenvironments,suchasaboardanairplane.ThemillionthLegendPCcomesofftheproductionline.IntelChairmanAndyGroveattendstheceremony,andtakesthePCforIntel’smuseumcollection.LegendestablishesthefirstLegendShop.

1999:

IBMPCDintroducestheindustry’sfirstsub-notebook,weighingunderthreepounds,withstandardportsandakeyboardthatis95percentthesizeoffull-sizekeyboards.Lenovoannouncesitsexitfromtheretailbusiness.IBMPCDintroducestheindustry’sfirstPCwithanembeddedsecuritychip.LegendbecomesthetopPCvendorintheAsia-Pacificregion,andheadstheChinesenationalTop100ElectronicEnterprisesranking.LegendlaunchespioneeringInternetPC,withits“one-touch-to-the-net”feature,whichenablesmillionsofChinesePCuserstoeasilyaccesstheInternet.

2000s

2000:

IBMPCDshipsits10-millionthThinkPadnotebookPC.LegendbecomesaconstituentstockoftheHangSengIndex-HK.Legendrankedintop10ofworld’sbest-managedPCvendors.

2001:

AnIBMnotebookwithanembeddedsecuritychipbecomestheindustry’sfirstnotebookwithasecuritychipdesignedtotheTrustedComputingGroupspecification,anindustrybodysettingdatasecuritystandards.LegendsuccessfullyspinsoffDigitalChinaCo.Ltd.,whichisseparatelylistedontheHongKongStockExchange.LegendappointsYuanqingYangasPresidentandCEO.Legendfirstintroduces“digitalhome”conceptandlaunchesaccessories-enablingPC.

2002:

LenovoPCoutsourcingpactwithSanmina-SCI.LegenddebutstheDeepComp1800supercomputer.ItisPeople'sRepublicofChina’sfirstcomputerwith1,000GFLOP（floatingpointoperationspersecond）andPRC'sfastestcomputerforcivilianuse,ranked43rdintheTop500listoftheworld’sfastestcomputers.Themobilehandsetjointventureannounced,markingLegend’sformalentryintothemobilehandsetbusiness.

2003:

Lenovointroducesanotebookwithbatterylifeupto11hours.LenovointroducesitsThinkCentredesktopPCline.IBMPCDshipsits20-millionthThinkPadnotebookPC.

2004:

IBMPCDintroducestheThinkCentredesktopPC.Lenovoshipsits100-millionthPC.LenovobecomesanOlympicworldwidepartner.Lenovolaunchesthe“Yuanmeng”PCseriesdesignedforhomeusersinsmallvillages.LenovoandIBMannounceanagreementbywhichLenovowillacquireIBM’sPersonalComputingDivision,itsglobalPC（desktopandnotebookcomputer）business.

2005:

LenovocompletestheacquisitionofIBM’sPersonalComputingDivision,makingthecompanytheworld'sthirdlargestcomputermanufacturer（afterHewlett-PackardandDell）.LenovoannouncesitclosedaUS$350millionstrategicinvestmentbythreeleadingprivateequityfirms:

TexasPacificGroup,GeneralAtlanticLLCandNewbridgeCapitalLLC.LenovoestablishesanewInnovationCenterinResearchTrianglePark,N.C.LenovointroducestheThinkPadX41TabletandZ60.WilliamAmelioisappointedasCEOandPresidentofLenovo.

2006:

Lenovointroducesdual-coreThinkPadnotebookPCs.Lenovosuppliesthe2006OlympicWinterGamesinTorino,Italywith5,000desktopPCs,350serversand1,000notebookcomputers.ThefirstLenovo-brandedproductsoutsideofChinadebutworldwide.

2007:

LenovointroducestheThinkPadR61andT61notebookPCs.ThesearethefirstnotebookstousethenewSantaRosaplatformfromIntel.

2007:

LenovoannouncesthattheyaretostartsellinglaptopstobusinessandconsumerswithLinuxpre-installedontheirmachines.

2008:

LenovoenterstheWorldwideconsumerPCmarketwiththenew"Idea"Brand.Lenovoannounces3newIdeaPadlaptops,theY510andY710desktopreplacementcomputersavailablebytheendofJanuaryandtheultraportableU110availablebyMarch2008

Products：

Lenovoproducesdesktops,laptops,servers,handheldcomputers,imagingequipment,andmobilephonehandsets.Lenovoalsoprovidesinformationtechnologyintegrationandsupportservices,anditsQDIunitofferscontractmanufacturing.LenovoalsooffersInternetaccessthroughitsFMportal.

LenovoGroupLimitedisthefourthlargestpersonalcomputermanufacturerintheworldtoday,afterHewlett-PackardandDelloftheUS,andAcerofTaiwan.

ItsexecutiveheadquartersarelocatedinBeijing,People'sRepublicofChinaandinMorrisville,NorthCarolina,USA.ItisincorporatedinHongKong.

Step2:

ReasonsforInternationalStrategy:

Background:

2001to2004,thediversificationstrategywhichisdesignedbyYang（thechairmanoftheboard）isultimatelylost,endingupasafailure.

Afterstrategicreflection,Yang’sfinalchoiceisthetighteningstrategy,andputtingthefocusbacktoPCbusiness.PCagainbecomethetoppriorityoftheconpany.

Becausethecapacityofthedomesticmarketlimits,aswellastheintensifiedcompetition.InternationalizationisLenovo’sinevitablechoice.

Increasemarketshare:

Since1996,Lenovohadbecomethetop1sellerfor11yearsindomesticmarket,.Inthesecondquarterof2002,salesofLenovodesktopcomputersbecametheworld'stopfiveforthefirsttime.Untiltheendof2003March,LenovoGrouphasbeenthefirstinAsia-Pacificmarket（excludingJapan）for12consecutivequarters.

So,Lenovohasoccupiedthedomesticmarket,Lenovoneedstoopenupoverseasmarkets,heneedsaspringboardtoincreasethemarketsh